Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

पराधिकार-चर्चा यः कुर्यात् स्वामि-हितेच्छया ।
स विषीदति चीत्काराद् गर्दभस् ताडितो यथा ॥ ३१ ॥

parādhikāra-carcā yaḥ kuryāt svāmi-hitecchayā |
sa viṣīdati cītkārād gardabhas tāḍito yathā || 31 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 2.31 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (2.31). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Kara, Carca, Carcas, Yah, Hita, Hiti, Icchaya, Iccha, Vish, Vishin, Dat, Citkara, Gardabh, Gardabha, Tadita, Yatha,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 2.31). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “parādhikāra-carcā yaḥ kuryāt svāmi-hitecchayā
  • parādhi -
  • parādhi (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
  • kāra -
  • kāra (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    kāra (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • carcā* -
  • carca (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    carcā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
    carcas (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • yaḥ -
  • yaḥ (indeclinable relative)
    [indeclinable relative]
    ya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    yaḥ (pronoun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • kuryāt -
  • kṛ (verb class 8)
    [optative active third single]
  • svāmi -
  • svāmin (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
  • hite -
  • hita (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single], [locative single]
    hita (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    hitā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single], [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    hiti (noun, feminine)
    [vocative single]
    hi -> hita (participle, masculine)
    [vocative single from √hi class 5 verb], [locative single from √hi class 5 verb]
    hi -> hita (participle, neuter)
    [nominative dual from √hi class 5 verb], [vocative single from √hi class 5 verb], [vocative dual from √hi class 5 verb], [accusative dual from √hi class 5 verb], [locative single from √hi class 5 verb]
    hi -> hitā (participle, feminine)
    [nominative single from √hi class 5 verb], [nominative dual from √hi class 5 verb], [vocative single from √hi class 5 verb], [vocative dual from √hi class 5 verb], [accusative dual from √hi class 5 verb]
  • icchayā -
  • icchayā (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    icchā (noun, feminine)
    [instrumental single]
  • Line 2: “sa viṣīdati cītkārād gardabhas tāḍito yathā
  • sa -
  • sa (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • viṣī -
  • viṣ (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    viṣin (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • dati -
  • dat (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
  • cītkārād -
  • cītkāra (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
  • gardabhas -
  • gardabh (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural], [ablative single], [genitive single]
    gardabh (noun, neuter)
    [ablative single], [genitive single]
    gardabha (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • tāḍito* -
  • tāḍita (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    taḍ -> tāḍita (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √taḍ]
  • yathā -
  • yathā (indeclinable adverb)
    [indeclinable adverb]
    yathā (indeclinable relative)
    [indeclinable relative]
    yathā (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 2.31

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 2.31 in Gujarati sript:
પરાધિકાર-ચર્ચા યઃ કુર્યાત્ સ્વામિ-હિતેચ્છયા ।
સ વિષીદતિ ચીત્કારાદ્ ગર્દભસ્ તાડિતો યથા ॥ ૩૧ ॥

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