Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

सेवया धनम् इच्छद्भिः सेवकैः पश्य यत् कृतम् ।
स्वातन्त्र्यं यच् छरीरस्य मूढैस् तद् अपि हारितम् ॥ २० ॥

sevayā dhanam icchadbhiḥ sevakaiḥ paśya yat kṛtam |
svātantryaṃ yac charīrasya mūḍhais tad api hāritam || 20 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 2.20 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (2.20). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Seva, Dhana, Icchat, Sevaka, Pashya, Yat, Yad, Krit, Krita, Svatantrya, Cha, Rira, Mudha, Tad, Tat, Api, Harita,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 2.20). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “sevayā dhanam icchadbhiḥ sevakaiḥ paśya yat kṛtam
  • sevayā -
  • sevā (noun, feminine)
    [instrumental single]
  • dhanam -
  • dhana (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    dhana (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • icchadbhiḥ -
  • iṣ -> icchat (participle, masculine)
    [instrumental plural from √iṣ class 6 verb]
    iṣ -> icchat (participle, neuter)
    [instrumental plural from √iṣ class 6 verb]
  • sevakaiḥ -
  • sevaka (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental plural]
    sevaka (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental plural]
  • paśya -
  • paśya (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    paśya (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    paś -> paśya (participle, masculine)
    [vocative single from √paś class 10 verb]
    paś -> paśya (participle, neuter)
    [vocative single from √paś class 10 verb]
  • yat -
  • yat (indeclinable relative)
    [indeclinable relative]
    yat (noun, masculine)
    [compound]
    yad (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]
    yat (noun, neuter)
    [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    i -> yat (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √i class 2 verb], [vocative single from √i class 2 verb], [accusative single from √i class 2 verb]
    yat (pronoun, neuter)
    [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • kṛtam -
  • kṛta (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    kṛta (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    kṛtā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    kṛt (noun, masculine)
    [accusative single]
    kṛ -> kṛta (participle, masculine)
    [accusative single from √kṛ class 1 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 2 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 5 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 8 verb]
    kṛ -> kṛta (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √kṛ class 1 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 1 verb], [nominative single from √kṛ class 2 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 2 verb], [nominative single from √kṛ class 5 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 5 verb], [nominative single from √kṛ class 8 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 8 verb]
    kṛ (verb class 2)
    [imperative active second dual]
  • Line 2: “svātantryaṃ yac charīrasya mūḍhais tad api hāritam
  • svātantryam -
  • svātantrya (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • yac -
  • yat (indeclinable relative)
    [indeclinable relative]
    yat (noun, masculine)
    [compound]
    yad (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]
    yat (noun, neuter)
    [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    i -> yat (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √i class 2 verb], [vocative single from √i class 2 verb], [accusative single from √i class 2 verb]
    yat (pronoun, neuter)
    [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • cha -
  • cha (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    cha (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • rīrasya -
  • rīra (noun, masculine)
    [genitive single]
  • mūḍhais -
  • mūḍha (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental plural]
    mūḍha (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental plural]
    muh -> mūḍha (participle, masculine)
    [instrumental plural from √muh class 4 verb]
    muh -> mūḍha (participle, neuter)
    [instrumental plural from √muh class 4 verb]
  • tad -
  • tad (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    tad (indeclinable adverb)
    [indeclinable adverb]
    tat (indeclinable correlative)
    [indeclinable correlative]
    tad (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • api -
  • api (indeclinable preposition)
    [indeclinable preposition]
    ap (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
  • hāritam -
  • hārita (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    hārita (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    hāritā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    hṛ -> hārita (participle, masculine)
    [adverb from √hṛ]
    hṛ -> hārita (participle, neuter)
    [adverb from √hṛ]
    hṛ -> hāritā (participle, feminine)
    [adverb from √hṛ]
    hṛ -> hārita (participle, masculine)
    [accusative single from √hṛ]
    hṛ -> hārita (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √hṛ], [accusative single from √hṛ]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 2.20

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 2.20 in Gujarati sript:
સેવયા ધનમ્ ઇચ્છદ્ભિઃ સેવકૈઃ પશ્ય યત્ કૃતમ્ ।
સ્વાતન્ત્ર્યં યચ્ છરીરસ્ય મૂઢૈસ્ તદ્ અપિ હારિતમ્ ॥ ૨૦ ॥

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