Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

अधो ऽधः पश्यतः कस्य महिमा नोपचीयते ।
उपर्य् उपरि पश्यन्तः सर्व एव दरिद्रति ॥ २ ॥

adho 'dhaḥ paśyataḥ kasya mahimā nopacīyate |
upary upari paśyantaḥ sarva eva daridrati || 2 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 2.2 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (2.2). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Adhah, Adhas, Pashyat, Pashyata, Kah, Kim, Mahima, Paci, Iyat, Iyata, Upari, Sarva, Eva, Daridrat,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 2.2). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “adho 'dhaḥ paśyataḥ kasya mahimā nopacīyate
  • adho' -
  • adhaḥ (indeclinable preposition)
    [indeclinable preposition]
    adhaḥ (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    adhas (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
  • adhaḥ -
  • adhaḥ (indeclinable preposition)
    [indeclinable preposition]
    adhaḥ (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    adhas (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
  • paśyataḥ -
  • paśyat (noun, masculine)
    [accusative plural], [ablative single], [genitive single]
    paśyat (noun, neuter)
    [ablative single], [genitive single]
    paśyata (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • kasya -
  • kas -> kasya (absolutive)
    [absolutive from √kas]
    ka (noun, masculine)
    [genitive single]
    ka (noun, neuter)
    [genitive single]
    kaḥ (pronoun, masculine)
    [genitive single]
    kim (pronoun, neuter)
    [genitive single]
  • mahimā* -
  • mahimā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • no -
  • nu (noun, masculine)
    [vocative single]
  • pacī -
  • paci (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
  • iyate -
  • iyat (noun, masculine)
    [dative single]
    iyat (noun, neuter)
    [dative single]
    iyatā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    i (verb class 2)
    [present middle third plural]
  • Line 2: “upary upari paśyantaḥ sarva eva daridrati
  • Cannot analyse upary*up
  • upari -
  • upari (indeclinable postposition)
    [indeclinable postposition]
    upari (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
  • paśyantaḥ -
  • paśyat (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
  • sarva* -
  • sarva (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • eva -
  • eva (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    eva (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    eva (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • daridrati -
  • daridrat (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    daridrat (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 2.2

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 2.2 in Gujarati sript:
અધો ઽધઃ પશ્યતઃ કસ્ય મહિમા નોપચીયતે ।
ઉપર્ય્ ઉપરિ પશ્યન્તઃ સર્વ એવ દરિદ્રતિ ॥ ૨ ॥

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