Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 1.145

वरं वनं व्याघ्र-गजेन्द्र-सेवितं द्रुमालयः पत्र-फलाम्बु-भक्षितम् ।
तृणानि शय्या वसनं च वल्कलं न बन्धु-मध्ये धन-हीन-जीवनम् ॥ १४५ ॥

varaṃ vanaṃ vyāghra-gajendra-sevitaṃ drumālayaḥ patra-phalāmbu-bhakṣitam |
tṛṇāni śayyā vasanaṃ ca valkalaṃ na bandhu-madhye dhana-hīna-jīvanam || 145 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 1.145 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (1.145). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Varam, Vara, Vana, Vyaghra, Gajendra, Sevita, Drumalaya, Patra, Phala, Ambu, Bhakshita, Trina, Shayya, Vasana, Valkala, Bandhu, Madhye, Madhya, Dhana, Hina, Jivana,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 1.145). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “varaṃ vanaṃ vyāghra-gajendra-sevitaṃ drumālayaḥ patra-phalāmbu-bhakṣitam
  • varam -
  • varam (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    vara (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    vara (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    varā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • vanam -
  • vana (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    vana (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    vanā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • vyāghra -
  • vyāghra (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • gajendra -
  • gajendra (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • sevitam -
  • sevita (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    sevita (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    sevitā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    sīv -> sevita (participle, masculine)
    [adverb from √sīv]
    sīv -> sevita (participle, neuter)
    [adverb from √sīv]
    sīv -> sevitā (participle, feminine)
    [adverb from √sīv]
    sev -> sevita (participle, masculine)
    [accusative single from √sev class 1 verb]
    sev -> sevita (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √sev class 1 verb], [accusative single from √sev class 1 verb]
    sīv -> sevita (participle, masculine)
    [accusative single from √sīv]
    sīv -> sevita (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √sīv], [accusative single from √sīv]
  • drumālayaḥ -
  • drumālaya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • patra -
  • patra (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    patra (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • phalā -
  • phala (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    phala (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    phalā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
    phal (verb class 1)
    [imperative active second single]
  • ambu -
  • ambu (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    ambu (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    ambu (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb]
  • bhakṣitam -
  • bhakṣita (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    bhakṣita (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    bhakṣitā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    bhakṣ -> bhakṣita (participle, masculine)
    [adverb from √bhakṣ]
    bhakṣ -> bhakṣita (participle, neuter)
    [adverb from √bhakṣ]
    bhakṣ -> bhakṣitā (participle, feminine)
    [adverb from √bhakṣ]
    bhakṣ -> bhakṣita (participle, masculine)
    [accusative single from √bhakṣ]
    bhakṣ -> bhakṣita (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √bhakṣ], [accusative single from √bhakṣ]
  • Line 2: “tṛṇāni śayyā vasanaṃ ca valkalaṃ na bandhu-madhye dhana-hīna-jīvanam
  • tṛṇāni -
  • tṛṇa (noun, neuter)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • śayyā* -
  • śayyā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • vasanam -
  • vasana (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    vasanā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • ca -
  • ca (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ca (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ca (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • valkalam -
  • valkala (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    valkala (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    valkalā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • bandhu -
  • bandhu (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    bandhū (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [vocative single]
    bandhū (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb], [vocative single]
    bandhū (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
  • madhye -
  • madhye (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    madhya (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    madhya (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    madhyā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
  • dhana -
  • dhana (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    dhana (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    dhan (verb class 1)
    [imperative active second single]
  • hīna -
  • hīna (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    hīna (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    -> hīna (participle, masculine)
    [vocative single from √ class 1 verb], [vocative single from √ class 3 verb]
    -> hīna (participle, neuter)
    [vocative single from √ class 1 verb], [vocative single from √ class 3 verb]
  • jīvanam -
  • jīvana (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    jīvana (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    jīvanā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 1.145

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 1.145 in Gujarati sript:
વરં વનં વ્યાઘ્ર-ગજેન્દ્ર-સેવિતં દ્રુમાલયઃ પત્ર-ફલામ્બુ-ભક્ષિતમ્ ।
તૃણાનિ શય્યા વસનં ચ વલ્કલં ન બન્ધુ-મધ્યે ધન-હીન-જીવનમ્ ॥ ૧૪૫ ॥

Like what you read? Consider supporting this website: