Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 1.130

वरं मौनं कार्यं न च वचनम् उक्तं यद् अनृतं वरं क्लैब्यं पुंसां न च पर-कलत्राभिगमनम् ।
वरं प्राण-त्यागो न च पिशुन-वाक्येष्व् अभिरुचिर् वरं भिक्षाशित्वं न च पर-धनास्वादन-सुखम् ॥ १३० ॥

varaṃ maunaṃ kāryaṃ na ca vacanam uktaṃ yad anṛtaṃ varaṃ klaibyaṃ puṃsāṃ na ca para-kalatrābhigamanam |
varaṃ prāṇa-tyāgo na ca piśuna-vākyeṣv abhirucir varaṃ bhikṣāśitvaṃ na ca para-dhanāsvādana-sukham || 130 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 1.130 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (1.130). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Varam, Vara, Mauna, Karya, Vacana, Ukta, Yat, Yad, Anrita, Klaibya, Pums, Para, Kalatra, Abhigamana, Prana, Tyaga, Pishuna, Abhiruci, Bhikshashitva, Dhana, Asvadana, Sukham, Sukha,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 1.130). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “varaṃ maunaṃ kāryaṃ na ca vacanam uktaṃ yad anṛtaṃ varaṃ klaibyaṃ puṃsāṃ na ca para-kalatrābhigamanam
  • varam -
  • varam (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    vara (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    vara (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    varā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • maunam -
  • mauna (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    mauna (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • kāryam -
  • kārya (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    kārya (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    kāryā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    kṛ -> kārya (participle, masculine)
    [adverb from √kṛ]
    kṛ -> kārya (participle, neuter)
    [adverb from √kṛ]
    kṛ -> kāryā (participle, feminine)
    [adverb from √kṛ]
    kṛ -> kārya (participle, masculine)
    [accusative single from √kṛ class 1 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 2 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 5 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 8 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ]
    kṛ -> kārya (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √kṛ class 1 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 1 verb], [nominative single from √kṛ class 2 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 2 verb], [nominative single from √kṛ class 5 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 5 verb], [nominative single from √kṛ class 8 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 8 verb], [nominative single from √kṛ], [accusative single from √kṛ]
    kṛ -> kārya (participle, masculine)
    [accusative single from √kṛ class 3 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 6 verb]
    kṛ -> kārya (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √kṛ class 3 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 3 verb], [nominative single from √kṛ class 6 verb], [accusative single from √kṛ class 6 verb]
    kṝ -> kārya (participle, masculine)
    [accusative single from √kṝ class 5 verb], [accusative single from √kṝ class 9 verb]
    kṝ -> kārya (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √kṝ class 5 verb], [accusative single from √kṝ class 5 verb], [nominative single from √kṝ class 9 verb], [accusative single from √kṝ class 9 verb]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • ca -
  • ca (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ca (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ca (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • vacanam -
  • vacana (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    vacana (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    vacanā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • uktam -
  • ukta (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    ukta (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    uktā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    vac -> ukta (participle, masculine)
    [accusative single from √vac class 2 verb], [accusative single from √vac class 3 verb]
    vac -> ukta (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √vac class 2 verb], [accusative single from √vac class 2 verb], [nominative single from √vac class 3 verb], [accusative single from √vac class 3 verb]
  • yad -
  • yat (indeclinable relative)
    [indeclinable relative]
    yat (noun, masculine)
    [compound]
    yad (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]
    yat (noun, neuter)
    [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    i -> yat (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √i class 2 verb], [vocative single from √i class 2 verb], [accusative single from √i class 2 verb]
    yat (pronoun, neuter)
    [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • anṛtam -
  • anṛta (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    anṛta (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    anṛtā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • varam -
  • varam (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    vara (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    vara (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    varā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • klaibyam -
  • klaibya (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • puṃsām -
  • puṃs (noun, masculine)
    [genitive plural]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • ca -
  • ca (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ca (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ca (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • para -
  • para (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    para (noun, masculine)
    [vocative single]
  • kalatrā -
  • kalatra (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • abhigamanam -
  • abhigamana (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • Line 2: “varaṃ prāṇa-tyāgo na ca piśuna-vākyeṣv abhirucir varaṃ bhikṣāśitvaṃ na ca para-dhanāsvādana-sukham
  • varam -
  • varam (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    vara (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    vara (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    varā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • prāṇa -
  • prāṇa (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    prāṇa (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • tyāgo* -
  • tyāga (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • ca -
  • ca (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ca (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ca (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • piśuna -
  • piśuna (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    piśuna (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • Cannot analyse vākyeṣv*ab
  • abhirucir -
  • abhiruci (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
  • varam -
  • varam (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    vara (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    vara (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    varā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • bhikṣāśitvam -
  • bhikṣāśitva (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • ca -
  • ca (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ca (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ca (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • para -
  • para (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    para (noun, masculine)
    [vocative single]
  • dhanā -
  • dhana (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    dhana (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    dhan (verb class 1)
    [imperative active second single]
  • āsvādana -
  • āsvādana (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • sukham -
  • sukham (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    sukha (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    sukha (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    sukhā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 1.130

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 1.130 in Gujarati sript:
વરં મૌનં કાર્યં ન ચ વચનમ્ ઉક્તં યદ્ અનૃતં વરં ક્લૈબ્યં પુંસાં ન ચ પર-કલત્રાભિગમનમ્ ।
વરં પ્રાણ-ત્યાગો ન ચ પિશુન-વાક્યેષ્વ્ અભિરુચિર્ વરં ભિક્ષાશિત્વં ન ચ પર-ધનાસ્વાદન-સુખમ્ ॥ ૧૩૦ ॥

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