Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

यद् अशक्यं न तच् छक्त्यं यच् छक्त्यं शक्यम् एव तत् ।
नोदके शकटं याति न च नौर् गच्छति स्थले ॥ ९१ ॥

yad aśakyaṃ na tac chaktyaṃ yac chaktyaṃ śakyam eva tat |
nodake śakaṭaṃ yāti na ca naur gacchati sthale || 91 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 1.91 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (1.91). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Yat, Yad, Ashakya, Shakya, Eva, Tat, Tad, Noda, Kah, Kim, Shakata, Yati, Nau, Gacchat, Sthala,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 1.91). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “yad aśakyaṃ na tac chaktyaṃ yac chaktyaṃ śakyam eva tat
  • yad -
  • yat (indeclinable relative)
    [indeclinable relative]
    yat (noun, masculine)
    [compound]
    yad (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]
    yat (noun, neuter)
    [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    i -> yat (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √i class 2 verb], [vocative single from √i class 2 verb], [accusative single from √i class 2 verb]
    yat (pronoun, neuter)
    [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • aśakyam -
  • aśakya (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    aśakya (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    aśakyā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • tac -
  • Cannot analyse chaktyam*ya
  • yac -
  • Cannot analyse chaktyam*śa
  • śakyam -
  • śakya (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    śakya (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    śakyā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    śak -> śakya (participle, masculine)
    [accusative single from √śak class 5 verb]
    śak -> śakya (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √śak class 5 verb], [accusative single from √śak class 5 verb]
  • eva -
  • eva (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    eva (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    eva (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • tat -
  • tat (indeclinable correlative)
    [indeclinable correlative]
    tad (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • Line 2: “nodake śakaṭaṃ yāti na ca naur gacchati sthale
  • noda -
  • noda (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • ke -
  • ka (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural]
    ka (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    kaḥ (pronoun, masculine)
    [nominative plural]
    kim (pronoun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [accusative dual]
    (pronoun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [accusative dual]
  • śakaṭam -
  • śakaṭa (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    śakaṭa (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    śakaṭā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • yāti -
  • yāti (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    yāti (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    yāti (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    yāt (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    yāt (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
    (verb class 2)
    [present active third single]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • ca -
  • ca (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ca (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ca (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • naur -
  • nau (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single], [vocative single]
  • gacchati -
  • gacchat (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    gacchat (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
    gam (verb class 1)
    [present active third single]
  • sthale -
  • sthala (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    sthala (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    sthalā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    sthal (verb class 1)
    [present middle first single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 1.91

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 1.91 in Gujarati sript:
યદ્ અશક્યં ન તચ્ છક્ત્યં યચ્ છક્ત્યં શક્યમ્ એવ તત્ ।
નોદકે શકટં યાતિ ન ચ નૌર્ ગચ્છતિ સ્થલે ॥ ૯૧ ॥

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