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Hitopadesha [sanskrit]
8,857 words
The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.
Verse 1.78
परोक्षे कार्य-हन्तारं प्रत्यक्षे प्रिय-वादिनम् ।
वर्जयेत् तादृशं मित्रं विष-कुम्भं पयोमुखम् ॥ ७८ ॥
parokṣe kārya-hantāraṃ pratyakṣe priya-vādinam |
varjayet tādṛśaṃ mitraṃ viṣa-kumbhaṃ payomukham || 78 ||
The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 1.78 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:
Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)
Glossary of Sanskrit terms
Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (1.78). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.
Paroksha, Karya, Hantri, Pratyakshe, Pratyaksha, Priya, Vadin, Tadrish, Tadrisha, Mitra, Visha, Kumbha, Payomukha,
Analysis of Sanskrit grammar
Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 1.78). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.
- Line 1: “parokṣe kārya-hantāraṃ pratyakṣe priya-vādinam ”
- parokṣe -
-
parokṣa (noun, masculine)[locative single]parokṣa (noun, neuter)[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]parokṣā (noun, feminine)[nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
- kārya -
-
kārya (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]kārya (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]√kṛ -> kārya (participle, masculine)[compound from √kṛ]√kṛ -> kārya (participle, neuter)[compound from √kṛ]√kṛ -> kārya (absolutive)[absolutive from √kṛ]√kṛ -> kārya (participle, masculine)[vocative single from √kṛ class 1 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 2 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 5 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 8 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ]√kṛ -> kārya (participle, neuter)[vocative single from √kṛ class 1 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 2 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 5 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 8 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ]√kṛ -> kārya (participle, masculine)[vocative single from √kṛ class 3 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 6 verb]√kṛ -> kārya (participle, neuter)[vocative single from √kṛ class 3 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 6 verb]√kṝ -> kārya (participle, masculine)[vocative single from √kṝ class 5 verb], [vocative single from √kṝ class 9 verb]√kṝ -> kārya (participle, neuter)[vocative single from √kṝ class 5 verb], [vocative single from √kṝ class 9 verb]
- hantāram -
-
hantṛ (noun, masculine)[accusative single]
- pratyakṣe -
-
pratyakṣe (indeclinable)[indeclinable]pratyakṣa (noun, masculine)[locative single]pratyakṣa (noun, neuter)[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]pratyakṣā (noun, feminine)[nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
- priya -
-
priya (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]priya (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]
- vādinam -
-
vādin (noun, masculine)[accusative single]
- Line 2: “varjayet tādṛśaṃ mitraṃ viṣa-kumbhaṃ payomukham ”
- va -
-
u (noun, masculine)[compound], [adverb], [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]ū (noun, masculine)[compound], [adverb], [vocative single]ū (noun, neuter)[compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]ū (noun, feminine)[compound], [adverb], [vocative single]o (noun, masculine)[adverb]au (noun, feminine)[adverb]au (noun, masculine)[adverb]va (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]va (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]
- arjayet -
-
√ṛj (verb class 0)[optative active third single]
- tādṛśam -
-
tādṛśa (noun, masculine)[adverb], [accusative single]tādṛśa (noun, neuter)[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]tādṛśā (noun, feminine)[adverb]tādṛś (noun, masculine)[accusative single]
- mitram -
-
mitra (noun, masculine)[adverb], [accusative single]mitra (noun, neuter)[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]mitrā (noun, feminine)[adverb]
- viṣa -
-
viṣa (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]viṣa (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]
- kumbham -
-
kumbha (noun, masculine)[adverb], [accusative single]kumbha (noun, neuter)[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]kumbhā (noun, feminine)[adverb]
- payomukham -
-
payomukha (noun, masculine)[adverb], [accusative single]payomukha (noun, neuter)[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]payomukhā (noun, feminine)[adverb]
Other editions:
Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 1.78
The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)
Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Buy now!
Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)
[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad
Buy now!Preview of verse 1.78 in Gujarati sript:
પરોક્ષે કાર્ય-હન્તારં પ્રત્યક્ષે પ્રિય-વાદિનમ્ ।
વર્જયેત્ તાદૃશં મિત્રં વિષ-કુમ્ભં પયોમુખમ્ ॥ ૭૮ ॥