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Hitopadesha [sanskrit]
8,857 words
The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.
Verse 1.53
यानि कानि च मित्राणि कर्तव्यानि शतानि च ।
पश्य मूषिक-मित्रेण कपोता मुक्त-बन्धनाः ॥ ५३ ॥
yāni kāni ca mitrāṇi kartavyāni śatāni ca |
paśya mūṣika-mitreṇa kapotā mukta-bandhanāḥ || 53 ||
The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 1.53 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:
Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)
Glossary of Sanskrit terms
Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (1.53). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.
Yani, Yat, Kim, Mitra, Kartavya, Shata, Pashya, Mushika, Kapota, Mukta, Bandhana,
Analysis of Sanskrit grammar
Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 1.53). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.
- Line 1: “yāni kāni ca mitrāṇi kartavyāni śatāni ca ”
- yāni -
-
yānī (noun, feminine)[adverb], [vocative single]yat (pronoun, neuter)[nominative plural], [accusative plural]√yā (verb class 2)[imperative active first single]
- kāni -
-
ka (noun, neuter)[nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]kim (pronoun, neuter)[nominative plural], [accusative plural]
- ca -
-
ca (indeclinable conjunction)[indeclinable conjunction]ca (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]ca (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]
- mitrāṇi -
-
mitra (noun, neuter)[nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
- kartavyāni -
-
kartavya (noun, neuter)[nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]√kṛ -> kartavya (participle, neuter)[nominative plural from √kṛ class 1 verb], [vocative plural from √kṛ class 1 verb], [accusative plural from √kṛ class 1 verb], [nominative plural from √kṛ class 2 verb], [vocative plural from √kṛ class 2 verb], [accusative plural from √kṛ class 2 verb], [nominative plural from √kṛ class 5 verb], [vocative plural from √kṛ class 5 verb], [accusative plural from √kṛ class 5 verb], [nominative plural from √kṛ class 8 verb], [vocative plural from √kṛ class 8 verb], [accusative plural from √kṛ class 8 verb]√kṛ -> kartavya (participle, neuter)[nominative plural from √kṛ class 3 verb], [vocative plural from √kṛ class 3 verb], [accusative plural from √kṛ class 3 verb], [nominative plural from √kṛ class 6 verb], [vocative plural from √kṛ class 6 verb], [accusative plural from √kṛ class 6 verb]
- śatāni -
-
śata (noun, neuter)[nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
- ca -
-
ca (indeclinable conjunction)[indeclinable conjunction]ca (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]ca (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]
- Line 2: “paśya mūṣika-mitreṇa kapotā mukta-bandhanāḥ ”
- paśya -
-
paśya (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]paśya (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]√paś -> paśya (participle, masculine)[vocative single from √paś class 10 verb]√paś -> paśya (participle, neuter)[vocative single from √paś class 10 verb]
- mūṣika -
-
mūṣika (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]
- mitreṇa -
-
mitra (noun, masculine)[instrumental single]mitra (noun, neuter)[instrumental single]
- kapotā* -
-
kapota (noun, masculine)[nominative plural], [vocative plural]
- mukta -
-
mukta (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]mukta (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]√muc -> mukta (participle, masculine)[vocative single from √muc class 6 verb]√muc -> mukta (participle, neuter)[vocative single from √muc class 6 verb]√muc -> mukta (participle, masculine)[vocative single from √muc class 1 verb]√muc -> mukta (participle, neuter)[vocative single from √muc class 1 verb]√muj -> mukta (participle, masculine)[vocative single from √muj class 1 verb]√muj -> mukta (participle, neuter)[vocative single from √muj class 1 verb]
- bandhanāḥ -
-
bandhana (noun, masculine)[nominative plural], [vocative plural]
Other editions:
Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 1.53
The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)
Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Buy now!
Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)
[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad
Buy now!Preview of verse 1.53 in Gujarati sript:
યાનિ કાનિ ચ મિત્રાણિ કર્તવ્યાનિ શતાનિ ચ ।
પશ્ય મૂષિક-મિત્રેણ કપોતા મુક્ત-બન્ધનાઃ ॥ ૫૩ ॥