Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

व्योमैकान्त-विहारिणो ऽपि विहगाः सम्प्राप्नुवन्त्य् आपदं बध्यन्ते निपुणैर् अगाध-सलिलान् मत्स्याः समुद्राद् अपि ।
दुर्नीतं किम् इहास्ति किं सुचरितं कः स्थान-लाभे गुणः कालो हि व्यसन-प्रसारित-करो गृह्णाति दूराद् अपि ॥ ५२ ॥

vyomaikānta-vihāriṇo 'pi vihagāḥ samprāpnuvanty āpadaṃ badhyante nipuṇair agādha-salilān matsyāḥ samudrād api |
durnītaṃ kim ihāsti kiṃ sucaritaṃ kaḥ sthāna-lābhe guṇaḥ kālo hi vyasana-prasārita-karo gṛhṇāti dūrād api || 52 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 1.52 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (1.52). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Vyoman, Vyoma, Ekanta, Viharin, Vihari, Api, Vihaga, Apad, Nipuna, Agadha, Salila, Matsya, Samudra, Durnita, Kim, Iha, Asti, Sucarita, Kah, Sthana, Labha, Guna, Kala, Vyasana, Prasarita, Karas, Kara, Durat, Dura,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 1.52). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “vyomaikānta-vihāriṇo 'pi vihagāḥ samprāpnuvanty āpadaṃ badhyante nipuṇair agādha-salilān matsyāḥ samudrād api
  • vyomai -
  • vyoman (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [nominative single]
    vyoman (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    vyoma (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • ekānta -
  • ekānta (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ekānta (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • vihāriṇo' -
  • vihārin (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural], [ablative single], [genitive single]
    vihārin (noun, neuter)
    [ablative single], [genitive single]
    vihārī (noun, neuter)
    [ablative single], [genitive single]
  • api -
  • api (indeclinable preposition)
    [indeclinable preposition]
    ap (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
  • vihagāḥ -
  • vihaga (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
  • Cannot analyse samprāpnuvanty*āp
  • āpadam -
  • āpadā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    āpad (noun, feminine)
    [accusative single]
  • badhyante -
  • bandh (verb class 1)
    [present passive third plural]
    bandh (verb class 4)
    [present passive third plural]
    bandh (verb class 9)
    [present passive third plural]
  • nipuṇair -
  • nipuṇa (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental plural]
    nipuṇa (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental plural]
  • agādha -
  • agādha (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    agādha (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • salilān -
  • salila (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative plural], [ablative single]
    salila (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
  • matsyāḥ -
  • matsya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    matsyā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • samudrād -
  • samudra (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
    samudra (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
  • api -
  • api (indeclinable preposition)
    [indeclinable preposition]
    ap (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
    api (Preverb)
    [Preverb]
  • Line 2: “durnītaṃ kim ihāsti kiṃ sucaritaṃ kaḥ sthāna-lābhe guṇaḥ kālo hi vyasana-prasārita-karo gṛhṇāti dūrād api
  • durnītam -
  • durnīta (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    durnīta (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    durnītā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • kim -
  • kim (indeclinable interrogative)
    [indeclinable interrogative]
    kim (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    kim (pronoun, neuter)
    [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • ihā -
  • iha (indeclinable adverb)
    [indeclinable adverb]
    iha (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
  • asti -
  • asti (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    astī (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [vocative single]
    astī (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb], [vocative single]
    astī (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    as (verb class 2)
    [present active third single]
  • kim -
  • kim (indeclinable interrogative)
    [indeclinable interrogative]
    kim (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    kim (pronoun, neuter)
    [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • sucaritam -
  • sucarita (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    sucarita (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    sucaritā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • kaḥ -
  • kaḥ (indeclinable interrogative)
    [indeclinable interrogative]
    ka (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    kaḥ (pronoun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • sthāna -
  • sthāna (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • lābhe -
  • lābha (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    lābhā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
  • guṇaḥ -
  • guṇa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • kālo* -
  • kāla (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • hi -
  • hi (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
  • vyasana -
  • vyasana (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • prasārita -
  • prasārita (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    prasārita (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • karo* -
  • karas (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    kara (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • gṛhṇāti -
  • grah (verb class 9)
    [present active third single]
  • dūrād -
  • dūrāt (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    dūra (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
    dūra (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
  • api -
  • api (indeclinable preposition)
    [indeclinable preposition]
    ap (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
    api (Preverb)
    [Preverb]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 1.52

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 1.52 in Gujarati sript:
વ્યોમૈકાન્ત-વિહારિણો ઽપિ વિહગાઃ સમ્પ્રાપ્નુવન્ત્ય્ આપદં બધ્યન્તે નિપુણૈર્ અગાધ-સલિલાન્ મત્સ્યાઃ સમુદ્રાદ્ અપિ ।
દુર્નીતં કિમ્ ઇહાસ્તિ કિં સુચરિતં કઃ સ્થાન-લાભે ગુણઃ કાલો હિ વ્યસન-પ્રસારિત-કરો ગૃહ્ણાતિ દૂરાદ્ અપિ ॥ ૫૨ ॥

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