Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

यदि नित्यम् अनित्येन निर्मलं मल-वाहिना ।
यशः कायेन लभ्येत तन् न लब्धं भवेन् नु किम् ॥ ४८ ॥

yadi nityam anityena nirmalaṃ mala-vāhinā |
yaśaḥ kāyena labhyeta tan na labdhaṃ bhaven nu kim || 48 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 1.48 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (1.48). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Yadi, Yad, Nityam, Nitya, Anitya, Nirmala, Mala, Vahi, Vahin, Yasha, Yashas, Kaya, Tat, Tad, Tan, Labdha, Kim,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 1.48). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “yadi nityam anityena nirmalaṃ mala-vāhinā
  • yadi -
  • yadi (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    yadi (indeclinable relative)
    [indeclinable relative]
    yadi (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    yad (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
  • nityam -
  • nityam (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    nitya (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    nitya (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    nityā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • anityena -
  • anitya (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
    anitya (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental single]
  • nirmalam -
  • nirmala (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    nirmala (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    nirmalā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • mala -
  • mala (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    mala (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    mal (verb class 1)
    [imperative active second single]
  • vāhinā -
  • vāhi (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
    vāhin (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
    vāhin (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental single]
    vāhī (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental single]
  • Line 2: “yaśaḥ kāyena labhyeta tan na labdhaṃ bhaven nu kim
  • yaśaḥ -
  • yaśas (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    yaśas (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    yaśa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • kāyena -
  • kāya (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
    kāya (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental single]
  • labhyeta -
  • labh (verb class 1)
    [optative passive third single]
  • tan -
  • tat (indeclinable correlative)
    [indeclinable correlative]
    tad (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    tan (noun, masculine)
    [vocative single]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • labdham -
  • labdha (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    labdha (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    labdhā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    labh -> labdha (participle, masculine)
    [accusative single from √labh class 1 verb]
    labh -> labdha (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √labh class 1 verb], [accusative single from √labh class 1 verb]
  • bhaven -
  • bhū (verb class 1)
    [optative active third single]
  • nu -
  • nu (indeclinable adverb)
    [indeclinable adverb]
    nu (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    nau (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • kim -
  • kim (indeclinable interrogative)
    [indeclinable interrogative]
    kim (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    kim (pronoun, neuter)
    [nominative single], [accusative single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 1.48

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 1.48 in Gujarati sript:
યદિ નિત્યમ્ અનિત્યેન નિર્મલં મલ-વાહિના ।
યશઃ કાયેન લભ્યેત તન્ ન લબ્ધં ભવેન્ નુ કિમ્ ॥ ૪૮ ॥

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