Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 1.40

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यस्माच् च येन च यथा च यदा च यच् च यावच् च यत्र च शुभाशुभम् आत्म-कर्म ।
तस्माच् च तेन च तथा च तदा च तच् च तावच् च तत्र च विधातृ-वशाद् उपैति ॥ ४० ॥

yasmāc ca yena ca yathā ca yadā ca yac ca yāvac ca yatra ca śubhāśubham ātma-karma |
tasmāc ca tena ca tathā ca tadā ca tac ca tāvac ca tatra ca vidhātṛ-vaśād upaiti || 40 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 1.40 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:
Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (1.40). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Yasmat, Yah, Yat, Yena, Yatha, Yada, Yad, Yavat, Yatra, Shubhashubha, Karman, Tasmat, Tad, Tena, Tatha, Tada, Tat, Tavat, Tatra, Vidhatri, Vasha, Upa,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 1.40). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

Line 1: “yasmāc ca yena ca yathā ca yadā ca yac ca yāvac ca yatra ca śubhāśubham ātma-karma ”
yasmāc -
yasmāt (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

ya (noun, masculine)

[ablative single]

yaḥ (pronoun, masculine)

[ablative single]

yat (pronoun, neuter)

[ablative single]
ca -
ca (indeclinable conjunction)

[indeclinable conjunction]

ca (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

ca (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
yena -
yena (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

ya (noun, masculine)

[instrumental single]

yaḥ (pronoun, masculine)

[instrumental single]

yat (pronoun, neuter)

[instrumental single]
ca -
ca (indeclinable conjunction)

[indeclinable conjunction]

ca (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

ca (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
yathā -
yathā (indeclinable adverb)

[indeclinable adverb]

yathā (indeclinable relative)

[indeclinable relative]

yathā (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]
ca -
ca (indeclinable conjunction)

[indeclinable conjunction]

ca (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

ca (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
yadā -
yadā (indeclinable adverb)

[indeclinable adverb]

yadā (indeclinable relative)

[indeclinable relative]

yadā (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

yad (noun, masculine)

[instrumental single]
ca -
ca (indeclinable conjunction)

[indeclinable conjunction]

ca (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

ca (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
yac -
yat (indeclinable relative)

[indeclinable relative]

yat (noun, masculine)

[compound]

yad (noun, masculine)

[compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]

yat (noun, neuter)

[nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]

√i -> yat (participle, neuter)

[nominative single from √i class 2 verb], [vocative single from √i class 2 verb], [accusative single from √i class 2 verb]

yat (pronoun, neuter)

[nominative single], [accusative single]
ca -
ca (indeclinable conjunction)

[indeclinable conjunction]

ca (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

ca (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
yāvac -
yāvat (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

yāvat (indeclinable relative)

[indeclinable relative]

yāvat (noun, masculine)

[compound]

yāvat (noun, neuter)

[nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
ca -
ca (indeclinable conjunction)

[indeclinable conjunction]

ca (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

ca (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
yatra -
yatra (indeclinable relative)

[indeclinable relative]

yatra (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

yatra (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

yatra (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
ca -
ca (indeclinable conjunction)

[indeclinable conjunction]

ca (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

ca (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
śubhāśubham -
śubhāśubha (noun, masculine)

[adverb], [accusative single]

śubhāśubha (noun, neuter)

[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]

śubhāśubhā (noun, feminine)

[adverb]
ātma -
ātman (noun, masculine)

[compound]
karma -
karman (noun, neuter)

[compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
Line 2: “tasmāc ca tena ca tathā ca tadā ca tac ca tāvac ca tatra ca vidhātṛ-vaśād upaiti ”
tasmāc -
tasmāt (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

tad (noun, neuter)

[ablative single]

sa (noun, masculine)

[ablative single]
ca -
ca (indeclinable conjunction)

[indeclinable conjunction]

ca (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

ca (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
tena -
tena (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

ta (noun, masculine)

[instrumental single]

ta (noun, neuter)

[instrumental single]

tad (noun, neuter)

[instrumental single]

sa (noun, masculine)

[instrumental single]

√tan (verb class 8)

[perfect active second plural]

√tan (verb class 4)

[perfect active second plural]

√tan (verb class 1)

[perfect active second plural]
ca -
ca (indeclinable conjunction)

[indeclinable conjunction]

ca (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

ca (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
tathā -
tathā (indeclinable correlative)

[indeclinable correlative]

tathā (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

tathā (noun, feminine)

[nominative single]
ca -
ca (indeclinable conjunction)

[indeclinable conjunction]

ca (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

ca (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
tadā -
tadā (indeclinable adverb)

[indeclinable adverb]

tadā (indeclinable correlative)

[indeclinable correlative]

tadā (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

tadā (noun, feminine)

[nominative single]
ca -
ca (indeclinable conjunction)

[indeclinable conjunction]

ca (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

ca (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
tac -
tat (indeclinable correlative)

[indeclinable correlative]

tad (noun, neuter)

[compound], [nominative single], [accusative single]
ca -
ca (indeclinable conjunction)

[indeclinable conjunction]

ca (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

ca (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
tāvac -
tāvat (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

tāvat (indeclinable correlative)

[indeclinable correlative]

tāvat (noun, masculine)

[compound]

tāvat (noun, neuter)

[nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
ca -
ca (indeclinable conjunction)

[indeclinable conjunction]

ca (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

ca (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
tatra -
tatra (indeclinable adverb)

[indeclinable adverb]

tatra (indeclinable correlative)

[indeclinable correlative]

tatra (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]
ca -
ca (indeclinable conjunction)

[indeclinable conjunction]

ca (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

ca (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
vidhātṛ -
vidhātṛ (noun, masculine)

[compound], [adverb]

vidhātṛ (noun, neuter)

[compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
vaśād -
vaśa (noun, masculine)

[adverb], [ablative single]

vaśa (noun, neuter)

[adverb], [ablative single]
upai -
upā (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

upa (indeclinable adverb)

[indeclinable adverb]

upa (indeclinable preposition)

[indeclinable preposition]

upa (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

upa (Preverb)

[Preverb]

upā (Preverb)

[Preverb]
eti -
eti (noun, feminine)

[compound], [adverb]

√i (verb class 2)

[present active third single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 1.40

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 1.40 in Gujarati sript:
યસ્માચ્ ચ યેન ચ યથા ચ યદા ચ યચ્ ચ યાવચ્ ચ યત્ર ચ શુભાશુભમ્ આત્મ-કર્મ ।
તસ્માચ્ ચ તેન ચ તથા ચ તદા ચ તચ્ ચ તાવચ્ ચ તત્ર ચ વિધાતૃ-વશાદ્ ઉપૈતિ ॥ ૪૦ ॥

Last Updated: 28 April, 2019