Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

माता मित्रं पिता चेति स्वभावात् त्रितयं हितम् ।
कार्य-कारणतश् चान्ये भवन्ति हित-बुद्धयः ॥ ३८ ॥

mātā mitraṃ pitā ceti svabhāvāt tritayaṃ hitam |
kārya-kāraṇataś cānye bhavanti hita-buddhayaḥ || 38 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 1.38 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (1.38). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Mata, Mitra, Pitri, Ceti, Svabhava, Tritaya, Hita, Karya, Karanatah, Bhavanti, Bhavat, Bhavant, Buddhi,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 1.38). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “mātā mitraṃ pitā ceti svabhāvāt tritayaṃ hitam
  • mātā* -
  • māta (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    mātā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • mitram -
  • mitra (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    mitra (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    mitrā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • pitā -
  • pitṛ (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [nominative single]
  • ceti -
  • ceti (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    ceti (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    ceti (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    cetī (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [vocative single]
    cetī (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb], [vocative single]
    cetī (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
  • svabhāvāt -
  • svabhāva (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
  • tritayam -
  • tritaya (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • hitam -
  • hita (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    hita (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    hitā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    hi -> hita (participle, masculine)
    [accusative single from √hi class 5 verb]
    hi -> hita (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √hi class 5 verb], [accusative single from √hi class 5 verb]
  • Line 2: “kārya-kāraṇataś cānye bhavanti hita-buddhayaḥ
  • kārya -
  • kārya (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    kārya (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    kṛ -> kārya (participle, masculine)
    [compound from √kṛ]
    kṛ -> kārya (participle, neuter)
    [compound from √kṛ]
    kṛ -> kārya (absolutive)
    [absolutive from √kṛ]
    kṛ -> kārya (participle, masculine)
    [vocative single from √kṛ class 1 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 2 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 5 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 8 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ]
    kṛ -> kārya (participle, neuter)
    [vocative single from √kṛ class 1 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 2 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 5 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 8 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ]
    kṛ -> kārya (participle, masculine)
    [vocative single from √kṛ class 3 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 6 verb]
    kṛ -> kārya (participle, neuter)
    [vocative single from √kṛ class 3 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 6 verb]
    kṝ -> kārya (participle, masculine)
    [vocative single from √kṝ class 5 verb], [vocative single from √kṝ class 9 verb]
    kṝ -> kārya (participle, neuter)
    [vocative single from √kṝ class 5 verb], [vocative single from √kṝ class 9 verb]
  • kāraṇataś -
  • kāraṇataḥ (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
  • cānye -
  • bhavanti -
  • bhavanti (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    bhavantī (noun, feminine)
    [adverb], [vocative single]
    bhavat (noun, neuter)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
    bhavant (pronoun, neuter)
    [nominative plural], [accusative plural]
    bhū (verb class 1)
    [present active third plural]
  • hita -
  • hita (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    hita (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    hi -> hita (participle, masculine)
    [vocative single from √hi class 5 verb]
    hi -> hita (participle, neuter)
    [vocative single from √hi class 5 verb]
  • buddhayaḥ -
  • buddhi (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 1.38

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 1.38 in Gujarati sript:
માતા મિત્રં પિતા ચેતિ સ્વભાવાત્ ત્રિતયં હિતમ્ ।
કાર્ય-કારણતશ્ ચાન્યે ભવન્તિ હિત-બુદ્ધયઃ ॥ ૩૮ ॥

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