Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

षड्-दोषाः पुरुषेणेह हातव्या भूतिम् इच्छता ।
निद्रा तन्द्रा भयं क्रोध आलस्यं दीर्घ-सूत्रता ॥ ३४ ॥

ṣaḍ-doṣāḥ puruṣeṇeha hātavyā bhūtim icchatā |
nidrā tandrā bhayaṃ krodha ālasyaṃ dīrgha-sūtratā || 34 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 1.34 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (1.34). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Shat, Shash, Dosha, Purusha, Purushena, Iha, Hatavya, Bhuti, Icchata, Icchat, Nidra, Tandra, Bhaya, Krodha, Alasya, Dirgha, Sutra, Tan,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 1.34). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “ṣaḍ-doṣāḥ puruṣeṇeha hātavyā bhūtim icchatā
  • ṣaḍ -
  • ṣaṭ (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    ṣaṣ (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]
    ṣaṣ (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
  • doṣāḥ -
  • doṣa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    doṣā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • puruṣeṇe -
  • puruṣeṇa (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single], [locative single]
    puruṣeṇa (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    puruṣa (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
    puruṣa (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental single]
  • iha -
  • iha (indeclinable adverb)
    [indeclinable adverb]
    iha (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
  • hātavyā* -
  • hātavya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    hātavyā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
    -> hātavya (participle, masculine)
    [nominative plural from √ class 1 verb], [vocative plural from √ class 1 verb], [nominative plural from √ class 3 verb], [vocative plural from √ class 3 verb]
    -> hātavyā (participle, feminine)
    [nominative plural from √ class 1 verb], [vocative plural from √ class 1 verb], [accusative plural from √ class 1 verb], [nominative plural from √ class 3 verb], [vocative plural from √ class 3 verb], [accusative plural from √ class 3 verb]
  • bhūtim -
  • bhūti (noun, feminine)
    [accusative single]
    bhūti (noun, masculine)
    [accusative single]
  • icchatā -
  • icchatā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
    iṣ -> icchat (participle, masculine)
    [instrumental single from √iṣ class 6 verb]
    iṣ -> icchat (participle, neuter)
    [instrumental single from √iṣ class 6 verb]
  • Line 2: “nidrā tandrā bhayaṃ krodha ālasyaṃ dīrgha-sūtratā
  • nidrā -
  • nidrā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
  • tandrā* -
  • tandrā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • bhayam -
  • bhaya (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    bhaya (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    bhayā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • krodha* -
  • krodha (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • ālasyam -
  • ālasya (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    ālasya (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    ālasyā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • dīrgha -
  • dīrgha (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    dīrgha (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • sūtra -
  • sūtra (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • -
  • (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
    tan (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 1.34

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 1.34 in Gujarati sript:
ષડ્-દોષાઃ પુરુષેણેહ હાતવ્યા ભૂતિમ્ ઇચ્છતા ।
નિદ્રા તન્દ્રા ભયં ક્રોધ આલસ્યં દીર્ઘ-સૂત્રતા ॥ ૩૪ ॥

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