Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

वृद्धस्य वचनं ग्राह्यम् आपत्-काले ह्य् उपस्थिते ।
सर्वत्रैवं विचारे च भोजनेऽपि प्रवर्तताम् ॥ २३ ॥

vṛddhasya vacanaṃ grāhyam āpat-kāle hy upasthite |
sarvatraivaṃ vicāre ca bhojane'pi pravartatām || 23 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 1.23 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (1.23). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Vriddha, Vacana, Grahya, Apad, Kale, Kala, Upasthita, Upasthiti, Sarvatra, Evam, Eva, Vicara, Bhojana, Api, Pravarta,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 1.23). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “vṛddhasya vacanaṃ grāhyam āpat-kāle hy upasthite
  • vṛddhasya -
  • vṛddha (noun, masculine)
    [genitive single]
    vṛddha (noun, neuter)
    [genitive single]
    vṛdh -> vṛddha (participle, masculine)
    [genitive single from √vṛdh class 1 verb]
    vṛdh -> vṛddha (participle, neuter)
    [genitive single from √vṛdh class 1 verb]
  • vacanam -
  • vacana (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    vacana (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    vacanā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • grāhyam -
  • grāhya (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    grāhya (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    grāhyā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    grah -> grāhya (participle, masculine)
    [adverb from √grah]
    grah -> grāhya (participle, neuter)
    [adverb from √grah]
    grah -> grāhyā (participle, feminine)
    [adverb from √grah]
    grah -> grāhya (participle, masculine)
    [accusative single from √grah class 9 verb], [accusative single from √grah]
    grah -> grāhya (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √grah class 9 verb], [accusative single from √grah class 9 verb], [nominative single from √grah], [accusative single from √grah]
  • āpat -
  • āpad (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]
    āp (verb class 5)
    [aorist active third single]
  • kāle -
  • kāle (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    kāla (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    kāla (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    kālā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
  • Cannot analyse hy*up
  • upasthite -
  • upasthita (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    upasthita (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    upasthitā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    upasthiti (noun, feminine)
    [vocative single]
  • Line 2: “sarvatraivaṃ vicāre ca bhojane'pi pravartatām
  • sarvatrai -
  • sarvatra (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
  • evam -
  • evam (indeclinable adverb)
    [indeclinable adverb]
    evam (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    eva (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    eva (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    evā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • vicāre -
  • vicāra (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
  • ca -
  • ca (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ca (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ca (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • bhojane' -
  • bhojana (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    bhojana (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
  • api -
  • api (indeclinable preposition)
    [indeclinable preposition]
    ap (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
  • pravarta -
  • pravarta (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • tām -
  • (noun, feminine)
    [accusative single]
    (noun, feminine)
    [accusative single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 1.23

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 1.23 in Gujarati sript:
વૃદ્ધસ્ય વચનં ગ્રાહ્યમ્ આપત્-કાલે હ્ય્ ઉપસ્થિતે ।
સર્વત્રૈવં વિચારે ચ ભોજનેઽપિ પ્રવર્તતામ્ ॥ ૨૩ ॥

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