Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

काव्य-शास्त्र-विनोदेन कालो गच्छति धीमताम् ।
व्यसनेन तु मूर्खाणां निद्रया कलहेन वा ॥ १ ॥

kāvya-śāstra-vinodena kālo gacchati dhīmatām |
vyasanena tu mūrkhāṇāṃ nidrayā kalahena vā || 1 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 1.1 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (1.1). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Kavya, Shastra, Vinoda, Kala, Gacchat, Dhimat, Dhimata, Vyasana, Murkha, Nidra, Kalaha,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 1.1). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “kāvya-śāstra-vinodena kālo gacchati dhīmatām
  • kāvya -
  • kāvya (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    kāvya (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    kav -> kāvya (participle, masculine)
    [vocative single from √kav class 1 verb]
    kav -> kāvya (participle, neuter)
    [vocative single from √kav class 1 verb]
  • śāstra -
  • śāstra (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • vinodena -
  • vinoda (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
  • kālo* -
  • kāla (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • gacchati -
  • gacchat (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    gacchat (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
    gam (verb class 1)
    [present active third single]
  • dhīmatām -
  • dhīmat (noun, masculine)
    [genitive plural]
    dhīmat (noun, neuter)
    [genitive plural]
    dhīmatā (noun, feminine)
    [accusative single]
  • Line 2: “vyasanena tu mūrkhāṇāṃ nidrayā kalahena
  • vyasanena -
  • vyasana (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental single]
  • tu -
  • tu (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
  • mūrkhāṇām -
  • mūrkha (noun, masculine)
    [genitive plural]
    mūrkha (noun, neuter)
    [genitive plural]
    mūrkhā (noun, feminine)
    [genitive plural]
  • nidrayā -
  • nidrā (noun, feminine)
    [instrumental single]
  • kalahena -
  • kalaha (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
  • -
  • (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
    (verb class 1)
    [imperative active second single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 1.1

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 1.1 in Gujarati sript:
કાવ્ય-શાસ્ત્ર-વિનોદેન કાલો ગચ્છતિ ધીમતામ્ ।
વ્યસનેન તુ મૂર્ખાણાં નિદ્રયા કલહેન વા ॥ ૧ ॥

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