Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 0.14

वरं गर्भ-स्रावो वरम् अपि च नैवाभिगमनं वरं जातः प्रेतो वरम् अपि च कन्यावजनिता ।
वरं बन्ध्या भार्या वरम् अपि च गर्भेषु वसतिर् न वाविद्वान् रूप-द्रविण-गुण-युक्तो ऽपि तनयः ॥ १४ ॥

varaṃ garbha-srāvo varam api ca naivābhigamanaṃ varaṃ jātaḥ preto varam api ca kanyāvajanitā |
varaṃ bandhyā bhāryā varam api ca garbheṣu vasatir na vāvidvān rūpa-draviṇa-guṇa-yukto 'pi tanayaḥ || 14 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 0.14 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (0.14). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Varam, Vara, Garbha, Srava, Api, Naiva, Abhigamana, Jatri, Jata, Pretri, Preta, Kani, Kanya, Tan, Bandhya, Bharya, Vasati, Avidvas, Rupa, Dravina, Guna, Yukta, Tanaya,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 0.14). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “varaṃ garbha-srāvo varam api ca naivābhigamanaṃ varaṃ jātaḥ preto varam api ca kanyāvajanitā
  • varam -
  • varam (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    vara (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    vara (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    varā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • garbha -
  • garbha (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • srāvo* -
  • srāva (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • varam -
  • varam (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    vara (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    vara (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    varā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • api -
  • api (indeclinable preposition)
    [indeclinable preposition]
    ap (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
  • ca -
  • ca (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ca (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ca (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • naivā -
  • naiva (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
  • abhigamanam -
  • abhigamana (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • varam -
  • varam (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    vara (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    vara (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    varā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • jātaḥ -
  • jātṛ (noun, feminine)
    [vocative single]
    jāta (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    jan -> jāta (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √jan class 1 verb], [nominative single from √jan class 2 verb], [nominative single from √jan class 3 verb], [nominative single from √jan class 4 verb]
  • preto* -
  • pretṛ (noun, masculine)
    [vocative single]
    preta (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    pre (verb class 2)
    [present active third dual]
  • varam -
  • varam (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    vara (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    vara (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    varā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • api -
  • api (indeclinable preposition)
    [indeclinable preposition]
    ap (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
  • ca -
  • ca (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ca (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ca (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • kanyāva -
  • kanī (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    kanya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
  • ajani -
  • ajani (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    jan (verb class 1)
    [aorist middle first single]
    jan (verb class 10)
    [aorist middle first single]
    jan (verb class 2)
    [imperfect middle first single], [aorist middle first single]
    jan (verb class 3)
    [aorist middle first single]
    jan (verb class 4)
    [aorist middle first single]
  • -
  • (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
    tan (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • Line 2: “varaṃ bandhyā bhāryā varam api ca garbheṣu vasatir na vāvidvān rūpa-draviṇa-guṇa-yukto 'pi tanayaḥ
  • varam -
  • varam (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    vara (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    vara (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    varā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • bandhyā* -
  • bandhya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    bandhyā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
    bandh -> bandhya (participle, masculine)
    [nominative plural from √bandh], [vocative plural from √bandh]
    bandh -> bandhyā (participle, feminine)
    [nominative plural from √bandh], [vocative plural from √bandh], [accusative plural from √bandh]
  • bhāryā* -
  • bhārya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    bhāryā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
    bhṛ -> bhārya (participle, masculine)
    [nominative plural from √bhṛ], [vocative plural from √bhṛ]
    bhṛ -> bhāryā (participle, feminine)
    [nominative plural from √bhṛ], [vocative plural from √bhṛ], [accusative plural from √bhṛ]
  • varam -
  • varam (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    vara (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    vara (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    varā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • api -
  • api (indeclinable preposition)
    [indeclinable preposition]
    ap (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
  • ca -
  • ca (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ca (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ca (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • garbheṣu -
  • garbha (noun, masculine)
    [locative plural]
  • vasatir -
  • vasati (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
    vasati (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • -
  • (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    va (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    va (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
    (verb class 1)
    [imperative active second single]
  • avidvān -
  • avidvas (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • rūpa -
  • rūpa (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    rūpa (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • draviṇa -
  • draviṇa (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    draviṇa (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • guṇa -
  • guṇa (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • yukto' -
  • yukta (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    yuj -> yukta (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √yuj class 7 verb]
  • api -
  • api (indeclinable preposition)
    [indeclinable preposition]
    ap (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
  • tanayaḥ -
  • tanaya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 0.14

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 0.14 in Gujarati sript:
વરં ગર્ભ-સ્રાવો વરમ્ અપિ ચ નૈવાભિગમનં વરં જાતઃ પ્રેતો વરમ્ અપિ ચ કન્યાવજનિતા ।
વરં બન્ધ્યા ભાર્યા વરમ્ અપિ ચ ગર્ભેષુ વસતિર્ ન વાવિદ્વાન્ રૂપ-દ્રવિણ-ગુણ-યુક્તો ઽપિ તનયઃ ॥ ૧૪ ॥

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