Prapāṭhaka III, Kāṇḍikā 1

1.^[1] Now (follows) the Godāna ceremony (or cutting of the beard), in the sixteenth year.

2.^[2] The cutting of the hair (and the beard) has been explained by the (description of the) Cūḍākaraṇa (II, 9).

3.^[3] The student has his hair (and beard) cut himself.

4. He has all the hair of his body shaven.

5. The sacrificial fee given by a Brāhmaṇa consists of an ox and a cow,

6. That given by a Kṣatriya, of a pair of horses,

7. That given by a Vaiśya, of a pair of sheep.

8. Or a cow (is given by persons) of all (castes).

9. A goat (is given) to the person who catches up the hair.

10.^[4] The Upanayana .(connected with the Godānavrata and the other Vratas) has been declared by the Upanayana (treated of above, II, 10).

11.^[5] (The use of) a garment, however, which has not yet been washed, is not required (here),

12. Nor the adornment.

13. (One should) not initiate one who does not intend to keep the vow through one year.

14. Handing over to him (i.e. to the student) a staff, which should be made of (the wood of) a tree, he directs him (to observe the duties connected with his vow, in the following words):

15. 'Obey thy teacher, except in sinful conduct.

16. 'Avoid anger and falsehood,

17. 'Sexual intercourse,

18. 'Sleeping on high (bedsteads),

19. 'Performances of singing, dancing, &c., the use of perfumes and of collyrium,

20. 'Bathing,

21. 'Combing the head, cleansing the teeth, washing the feet,

22. 'Shaving,

23. 'Eating honey and flesh,

24. 'Mounting a chariot yoked with cattle,

25. 'Wearing shoes in the village,

26. 'Svayam-indriya-mocanam.'

27. Wearing the girdle, going the rounds for alms, carrying a staff, putting fuel (on the fire), touching water, reverentially saluting (the teacher) in the morning: these are his standing duties.

28.^[6] The Godāna-vrata, the Vrātika-vrata, the Āditya-vrata, the Aupaniṣada-vrata, the Jyaiṣṭhasāmika-vrata (last) one year (each).

29. Touching water in the evening and in the morning (is prescribed) for these (Vratas).

30.^[7] The Āditya-vrata, however, some do not undergo.

31. They who undergo it, wear one garment.

32. They allow nothing to be between (themselves and) the sun, except trees and (the roofs of) houses.

33. They do not descend into water deeper than knee-deep, except on the injunction of their teacher.

Footnotes and references:

[1]:

1, 1. After the description of the regular Upanayana here follow, in chaps. 1 and 2, statements regarding the special Vratas which the Vedic student has to undergo, or rather which he may undergo, in the time of his studentship. Comp. the corresponding statements on the Vratas of the Ṛgvedins, Śāṅkhāyana-Gṛhya II, 11 and 12. By the followers of the Sāma-veda the ceremony of the Godāna, or cutting of the beard (comp. Śāṅkhāyana I, 28, 19; Pāraskara II, 1, 7 seq.; Āśvalāyana I, 18), was put into connection with their system of Vratas; the undergoing of the Godānavrata enabled the student to study the Pūrvārcika of the Sāma-veda. In the commentary on Gobhila III, 1, 28 we find the following statements with regard to this Vrata as well as to the other Vratas mentioned in Sūtra 28: 'The Upanayana-vrata has been declared to refer to the study of the Sāvitrī (comp. Bloomfield's notes on Gṛhya-saṃgraha II, 42. 43); the Godāna-vrata, to the study of the collections of verses sacred to the gods Agni, Indra, and Soma Pavamāna (this is the Pūrvārcika of the Sāma-veda); the Vrātika-vrata, to the study of the Āraṇyaka, with the exclusion of the Śukriya sections; the Āditya-vrata, to the study of the Śukriya sections; the Aupaniṣada-vrata, to the study of the Upaniṣad-Brāhmaṇa; the Jyaiṣṭhasāmika-vrata, to the study of the Ājyadohas.' The Vratas were connected with a repetition of the Upanayana ceremony (Sūtras 10 seq.) in the way stated in my note on Śāṅkhāyana II, 12, 1.—Khādira-Gṛhya II, 5, 1 seq.

[2]:

Comp. Śāṅkhāyana I, 28, 19, 'The Godānakarman is identical with the Cūḍākarman.' Pāraskara II, 1, 7, At the Keśānta ceremony he says, "Hair and beard" (instead of "hair," as at the Cūḍākaraṇa).'

[3]:

At the Cūḍākaraṇa the child sits in the mother's lap and others perform the rites for him.

[4]:

See the note on Sūtra 1.

[5]:

Comp. above, II, 10, 7.

[6]:

The meaning of these expressions has been explained in the note on Sūtra 1.

[7]:

According to the commentary some study the Śukriyas as a part of the Āraṇyaka; these do not undergo the Āditya-vrata. Others, for instance the Kauthumas, separate the Śukriyas from the Āraṇyaka and keep a special vow, the Āditya-vrata, by which they are enabled to study those texts.