Part 3 - Deities of Rigveda X.102-103; The Khila of Nakula

11. ' Forth ' (pra : x. 102), Sakatayana a considers a narrative hymn : Yaskab (thinks) that it is addressed to the Mallet (drughana) or to Indra; but Saunaka, that it is addressed to the All-gods. pretitihasasuktam tu Am', itihasam pra te suktam b, itihasam prata sukta fk, itihasam praiti suktam ", setihasam preti suktam r". - yasko draughanam hdm', yaskendrau ghanam (!) 1, °ghanam 1 air˚, vakso droghanam b, vakso drauyanam 1, vakso draupanam kr" (draughanam S). b Cp. Geldner, Vedische Studien, vol. ii, p. 2. See Nirukta ix. 23, where Yaska comments on Rg-veda x. 102.9, beginning : drughano drumayo ghanas : tatretihasam acaksate. 8 12. By this (hymn) Mudgala Bharmyasva in a contest overcame Indra and Soma, having yoked a bull and a Mallet belonging to Indra, to his chariot a. - ajavanena hm'r, ajavane tu fkr', ajivanam tu 17 - bharmyasva SNir., bharmyasva hdm', bhayanca, bhamasva, bhamasva kr", mammisca b, gargyasca 17 - vrsabham r`r 4 bfkr±Niti nañjari, rsabham hdm'r (cp. rsabhena S ) . - yuktva aindram , yuktvendram b, yukta evam fk, yukka caindram m', yukka cemdram hd. & Cp. Nirukta ix. 23: mudgalo bharmyasva rsir vrsabham ca drughanam ca yuktva samgrame vyavahrtya ajim jigaya; cp. also Rg-veda x. 102. 5: tena mudgalah pradhane jigaya. See Sarvanukramani and Sadgurusisya's metrical version of the story. B 13. Apratiratha Aindra desiring victory when fighting in battle sang (the hymn). 'The swift' (asuh: x 103 ) is addressed to Indra : in the stanza ' Of those' (amisam : 12 ) & the goddess Apva is praised. - r, yudhyan , yudhya b, ya, yadva k, yasya m'. - jayam kr, jaya f, jayat b. - aindro' prati- ratho S, aindro pratiratham mr, audra pratiratham bfk - aghadevi 1, agha devo tva hdm', apa devy _b, aya devy f, aya divy k, (upantya ) apvadevi S. - 13 ab is found in B and m¹ only. a This stanza is commented on by Yaska, Nirukta ix. 32, as addressed to Apva. Cp. Sarvanukramani and Sadgurusisya. B 14. The fourth ( stanza ) should be (regarded as) addressed to Brhaspati 4, as well as (the stanza ) 'The great one' (mahan) in the hymn of Nakula b.

x. 103 Now there is a couplet addressed to the Maruts, 'Advance (preta: x. 103. 13) c, the (first stanza being) optionally addressed to Indra. (The hymn) which follows (begins) 'Brahma' b. ab caturthi barhaspatya bm'r ( = S), caturthya barhaspatya [k. - abalaprasahamiti, naku- letyrdmahamiti b, nakuletprasahamiti 1, nakule prasahami ca m. - 1490 is found in B and m' only.-hyrce tu marutah hr", dvrceti marutah m', dvyaceti marutah d, dvrce ca marutah, dvrcastu marutah fkr", dvacastu marutah b. - preti brahmeti hdm', preti sankheti, pritetyaidri ve b, prityetyemdri vai fk - brahma yatparam bf, brahma vai param , paramam tu yat hm'r. * That 14 ab is original is indicated by the recurrence of the words caturthi barhaspatya in the Sarvanukramani. b This is the khila of ten stanzas by Nakula which immediately precedes Rg-veda x. 104. It is thus described in the Anukramani of the Kashmir collection: brahma; dasa; vamadevyo nakulas; sauri, gharmastutir, barhaspatya, savitri (astir): gharmapara etas; sauryas candramasasyas ca sesa, jagatyah. The first stanza: brahma jajnanam prathamam purastat is quoted in Aitareya Brahmana i. 19 and elsewhere (see Aufrecht's ed., p. 421). The third stanza, beginning mahan mahi, which mentions the name of Brhaspati, is also quoted in Aitareya Brahmana i. 19 and Asvalayana Srauta Sutra iv. 6. 3; it occurs in Taittiriya Samhita ii. 3. 146. There can be little doubt that the pratika mahan is the original of the corruptions in the MSS. By this couplet must be meant the last stanza of Rg-veda x. 103, and the first of the khila of two stanzas, beginning asau ya sena marutah which immediately follows. Rg-veda x. 103. 13 is described in the Sarvanukramani as antya [aindri] maruti va. The stanza asau me occurs in the SV. and the Atharva-veda, and in Vajasaneyi Samhita xvii. 47 it immediately follows preta (Rg-veda x. 103. 13). 15. In it, at the beginning of the hymn, where no deity is specified (anirukta) a, one stanza (1) adores the Sun, that which (begins) 'Unto' (abhi: 4) b, Savitr, while the (first) four are closely connected with the Caldron (gharma-parah) c. tatraniruktasuktadavrgeka hm' 1, tatraniruktavaisvadetyrceka b, tatranirukte vaisvadvatyrceka f. - gharmaparasca ° r, dharmaparasca ° fkr r 3, gharma para ca m', gharmam parasca ° hdb. - abhiti yah fk. The end of the varga is here marked by 3 in bfk, not in hdm¹. hdrb, * In Aitareya Brahmana i. 19. I brahma in this mantra is explained as Brhaspati. This stanza = Atharva-veda iv. 1. I. The second stanza (iyam vai pitre) is described in the Anukramani of the khila collection as gharmastutih; it is Atharva-veda iv. 1. 2. The third stanza (mahan mahi= Taittiriya Samhita ii. 3. 146) has already been stated to be addressed to Brhaspati and is so described in the khila Anukramani. b This stanza (abhi tyam devam savitaram)= Atharva-veda vii. 14. 1; Vajasaneyi Samhita iv. 25; Taittiriya Samhita i. 2.6¹; SV. i. 464, is in the asti metre and is referred to in Satapatha Brahmana xiii. v. I as an atichandas verse. This agrees with the statement of the Anukramani (gharmapara etah); it is also borne out by Aitareya Brahmana i. 19. 1-4 and Asvalayana Srauta Sutra iv. 6. 3, where all II. C Qq 11

298 these four stanzas are quoted, in the same order in which they occur in the khila collection, as mantras to be repeated in the Pravargya ceremony (in which the gharma vessel is used).