Part 11-12 - Hymn-owning and incidental deities; Seers of Vaisvadeva hymns

51. Inasmuch as (the seer) praises Agni and others in the hymn to Bhaga a (vii. 41), Mitra and others in the panegyric of the horse (i. 162) b, and adores Agni in (the hymn) to the All-gods c, ' Hither with these' (aibhih, i. 14) : - bhage yat hb, bhoge yat m', bhage yah r, bhase ya fk - dinasvasamstutau hm', 'dimsca- svasamstutau r'r air°r, ॰disvasvasamstutau 1, (mi ) trascasvasastutau b. - vaisvadeve bfkr, °devo hd.

a That is, in the first stanza; see above, iii. 45. That is, in the first stanza. See above, iii. 33: agneyam suktam.. vaisvadevam ihocyate; cp. below, iii. 141. 52. as to that, they say that, while for the most part employing in his praise (stuvan) other stanzas a at the beginning and end (of a hymn) b, he (the seer) from association (pratiyogat) c or on occasion (prasangat) praises another deity at the same time d m' nya stuvannrcah d, nya stuvamnrcah h, nya stuvanrcah m', nyah stuvannrcah rrr", nya stuvamnrbhih b, nya stacam nrbhih f, nya suvam nrbhih k, nyam stuvannrsih 1. - pratiyogat m. rrr', pratiyo- gat hd, pratayaugat , pratayogat k, prataryogat br. b a That is, stanzas in other metres than those employed in the body of the hymn; thus the first stanza of the hymn to Bhaga (vii. 41) is composed in jagati, the rest in tristubh; the first and last of the hymn to Savitr (i. 35), mentioned above (45) in this connexion, are also in jagati, the rest in tristubh. Cp. above, i. 22, and below, v. 171. The reading of some of the B MSS., prataryogat, 'through association with the early morning,' may be due to the influence of the first stanza of the hymn to Bhaga (vii. 41), which begins pratar agnim, pratar indram &c. d That is, the first and last stanzas of a hymn often show diversity of both metre and deity. 53. The deity to whom he addresses statements of an object (arthavadan) a is to be known as hymn-owning (sukta-bhagini); but the one whom he praises on occasion (prasangena) is to be recognized as incidental (nipatini) b. vadatyarthavadan hrbk, °dat , 'damnta m', vadantyarthapadah rrr - 530 d omitted in fkm¹. a Cp. artham bruvantam in i. 9. Cp. above, i. 17, 18. 54. In four ways a (caturdha), it may be said (va), the hymnowning (deity) is mentioned (bhanyate) in that hymn in which a seer who praises all the royal Rishis or (divine) Rishis b is indicated (nirdista) c r. ab - caturdhi bhanyate tasmin hd, caturdhi bhanyate casmin catustha hanyate tasmim b, na tu vyahanyate "rr'. - sukte va hdr", sukte ca b, sukte vai 1. - 5446 is omitted inmfk. sarvastu hm`r, sarvasu bfk - rsin hm'rb, rsin fk - stuvannrsih hdr, stuvamnrsi f, stuvanrsi mb, stuvamnrsin k. - - "That is, I suppose, if the term visve occurs in a line, hemistich, stanza, or a hymn as a whole: see the remark on the nature of a Vaisvadeva hymn above, ii. 133. b This,

i. 15 This word does not occur I suppose, is meant for a paraphrase of visvan devan. till 56, and may possibly be a corruption (see 56, note). The thirty-seven names (except Nabhaka: see 56, note f) enumerated in 55-59 are those of the reputed seers of Vaisvadeva hymns. Of the twenty-four masculine names occurring in 55-57, seventeen occur in the previous list of twenty seers of Vaisvadeva hymns, ii. 129-131. The additional ones are Vasukarna, Svastyatreya, Nabhaka, Kasyapa, Vamadeva, Madhuchandas, Partha. 55. as Medhatithia, Agastya b, Brhaduktha, Manud, Gayae, Rjisvan f, Vasukarna, Saryata h, Gotama i, Lusaj; medhatithir rbfk, °thistva °m'd, °thiv _h. -॰gastyastu hm`r, °gastyasca bfkrr(R).-brhadu0 hm', vrhadu ° bfkr.-vasukarnasca hdm', ca sukarnasca fkr, vastukarnasca b. - saryaीto, saryato hm', saryyatau fk, sparyanau b. - gotamo lusah = ( = 1'11"), manavo na ya: hm bfk, r (=rr+r°), A 1¬¶¶I YA: r³r²r 5 r 7. I have adopted the reading of r¹rr 6 because (1) : by itself could not be right, as that name occurs below (58); (2) H: never occurs elsewhere with the patronymic manavah, but only with vaivasvatah, as the name of a seer ; (3) gotamo could easily be corrupted to HIT, and this would almost inevitably lead to the following word becoming : (the reading seems to me a corruption of :); (4) though manavah is a patronymic of saryaाtah there is no reason to add the patronymic (as there is in the case of Agni below, 58), but the fact of its existence would have made the corruption of gotamo easy. The MSS. rr have in several previous cases been shown to have alone preserved the correct form of names in similar enumerations (in i. 126, in i. 127, and in ii. 129); the present I regard as another instance.The end of the varga is here marked by 99 in hbfk, not in m¹. a Seer of i. 14. b Seer of i. 186. s Seer of x. 56. i Seer of i. 89, 90. f Seer of vi. 49-52. j Seer of x. 35, 36. d Seer of viii. Seer of x. 65, 66. eSeer of x. 63, 64. 27-30. h Seer of x. 92. 12. Seers of Vaisvadeva hymns (continued). 56. Svastyatreya a, Paruchepa b, Kaksivat c, the son of Gathin (Visvamitra) d, and the son of Urvasi (Vasistha) e, Nabhaka f, Duvasyug, and the son of Mamata h (Dirghatamas), mathinaurvvavasau b, nathanaurvasau fk, gathiraurvasah hdm', nathiraurvasah 1, nathirurvvasuh rr 7. gathinaurvasau must be the correct reading, because there is no seer named gathi, but only (seer of iii. 20. 1, 5), and the two patronymics would naturally form a dvandva, just as a Seer of v. 50, 51. in viii. 70. b Seer of i. 139. c Seer of i. 121, 122. d Seer Seer f All the MSS. and R read nabhakas caiva nirdisto; of i. 3. 7-9; x. 137. 5: no entire hymn to the All-gods is attributed to him. of vii. 34-37, 39, 40, 42, 43.

94 but Nabhaka (seer of viii. 39-42) is not credited with any hymn or stanza to the All-gods; on the other hand, Nabhanedistha, who (and not Nabhaka) is mentioned in a previous list (ii. 129-131) as among the seers of Vaisvadeva hymns, is the author of two hymns to the All-gods (x. 61, 62). This suggests that in nirdisto (peculiar enough in this place) we may have a corruption of nedistho. g Seer of x. 100. h Seer of i. 164. 57. Vihavyaa, the seer Kasyapa b, and he who is Avatsara c by name d, Vamadeva e, Madhuchandas f, Parthas, Aditi, daughter of Daksa h; vihavyah bm±1, vihavya hdfk.-kasyapa rsir hm`r, kasyapascarsir brrr', kasyapascarsir f, kavyasya yascarsir k. - partho mrbfk, patho hmm', pathyo r' r' r'. - dacasutaditih hdm', ●stutaditih b sutaditi 1, sutaditih, dakasutaditih rrr". 29. a Seer of x. 128. Seer of v. 44. d b Seer of x. 137. 2, and (as an alternative to Manu) of viii. Rajendralala Mitra, reading namayah, has here one of his marvellous references to the Rg-veda, i. 139. 9, where the word nabhayah occurs. of iv. 55. f Seer of i. 3. 7-9. That is, Tanva Partha, seer of x. 93. e Seer h That is, Aditi Daksayani, alternative seer of x. 72; cp. Sarvanukramani; Arsanukramani x. 29. 58. Juhu a, and the seer Grtsamada b, and those who are the divine Seven Rishis c, Yama d, Agni Tapasa e, Kutsa f, Kusiding, and Trita h; - carsir bfdr, carsih m', carsi hk. - devah saptarsayasca hm'r, deva sa rsayasca rr', devoh sa rsah ca b, devo sa rsasca fk - yamo mistapasa b, yamo sistapasah f, yamo si tapasah K, tapaso'mirsih 1, yamo tristapasah hdr mrr 7. I have preferred the reading f: because (1) the patronymic Tapasa could not be connected with Atri, who is Bhauma; (2) Tapasa, as the patronymic of three Rishis (Agni, Gharma, Manyu), would not be used alone to designate one of them without any indication to show which was meant; (3) Agni Tapasa is the seer of a hymn to the All-gods. On the other hand, Atri, who occurs in the previous list (ii. 129-131), thus disappears from the present one. From some of the preceding notes it will be seen that something may be said in favour of each of the three names of the previous list, Gathin, Nabhanedistha, Atri, reappearing in the present longer list, where they are absent in my text. a Seer of x. 109. x. 14 and part of x. 10. of i. 105. b Seer of ii. 29, 31. c Seers of x. 137. d Seer of f g Seer of viii. 83. eSeer of x. 141. Seer of i. 106, 107, alternative seer h Seer of x. 1-7, alternative seer of i. 105. 59. also the four brothers, Bandhu and the rest a separately (prthak)b, and Visnu c, and Nejamesa d, and he who is Samvanana e by name.

95] -iii. 62 TRANSLATION AND NOTES bandhuprabhrtayascaiva hdm'r, vandhuprakrtayascaiva b, bamdhuprakrtayascaiva fk.. samghavanasca hrs. a Seers of v. 24 and x. 57-60. [Rg-veda i. 15 - samvananasca m'rbfk, b That is, in v. 24; cp. Arsanukramani v. II, where their names are enumerated, and they are stated to be ekarcah, i. e. each the seer of one stanza. These statements are repeated in the Sarvanukramani. of x. 184. d The seer of the khila after x. 184. e The seer of x. 191. The seer 60. All these have praised (him) in separate hymns with his universal (visvaih) qualities arising from his (asya) activities a, (whether those qualities are mentioned) collectively or individually. - sarva hm'rbfk, sarva r r r. - atha ca hm'r, atha ca fk, atha va br' r'. - suktesu hm'r, bfk.-60-43-The end of the varga is here marked by 92 in hdm¹bfk. a That is, the seers of Vaisvadeva hymns praise Agni in those hymns with the attributes of the All-gods, as in Rg-veda i. 14; cp. above, iii. 33 and ii. 134.