Bhagavad-gita with four Commentaries [sanskrit]

140,673 words | ISBN-10: 8189564072 | ISBN-13: 9788189564070

The Sanskrit edition of the Bhagavad Gita with four commentaries: (1) The Subodhini by Shridhara (Sridhara Swami), (2) The Gudharthadipika by Madhusudana (Saraswati), (3) The Sararthavarshini by Vishvanatha (Vishwanath Chakravarti) and (4) The Gitabhushana by Baladeva (Vidyabhushan). Original titles: Bhagavadgītā (भगवद्गीता), Śrīdhara (श्रीधर), Madhusūdana (मधुसूदन), Viśvanātha (विश्वनाथ), Baladeva (बलदेव)

śrībhagavānuvāca
asaṃśayaṃ mahābāho mano durṇigrahaṃ calam |
abhyāsena tu kaunteya vairāgyeṇa ca gṛhyate ||35||

The Subodhinī commentary by Śrīdhara

taduktaṃ cañcalatvādikamaṅgīkṛtyaiva manonigrahopāyaṃ śrībhagavānuvāca asaṃśayamiti | cañcalatvādinā mano niroddhumaśakyamiti yadvadasi etanniḥsaṃśayameva | tathāpi tvabhyāsena paramātmākārapratyayā vṛttyā viṣayavaitṛṣṇyena ca gṛhyate | abhyāsena layapratibandhādvairāgyeṇa ca vikṣepapratibandhāduparatavṛttikaṃ satparamātmākāreṇa tiṣṭhatītyarthaḥ | taduktaṃ yogaśāstre

manaso vṛttiśūnyasya brahmākāratayā sthitiḥ |
yāsamprajñātanāmāsau samādhirabhidhīyate || iti ||35||

The Gūḍhārthadīpikā commentary by Madhusūdana

tamimamākṣepaṃ pariharan śrībhagavānuvāca asaṃśayamiti | samyagviditaṃ te cittaceṣṭitaṃ mano nigrahītuṃ śakṣyasīti santoṣeṇa sambodhayati he mahābāho mahāntau sākṣānmahādevenāpi saha kṛtapraharaṇau bāhū yasyeti niratiśayamutkarṣaṃ sūcayati | prārabdhakarmaprābalyādasaṃyatātmanā durnigrahaṃ duḥkhenāpi nigrahītumaśakyam | pramāthi balavaddṛḍhamiti viśeṣaṇatrayaṃ piṇḍīkṛtyaitaduktam | calaṃ svabhāvacañcalaṃ mana ityasaṃśayaṃ nāstyeva saṃśayo'tra satyamevaitadbravīṣītyarthaḥ | evaṃ
satyapi saṃyatātmanā samādhimātropāyena yoginābhyāsena vairāgyeṇa ca gṛhyate nigṛhyate sarvavṛttiśūnyaṃ kriyate tanmana ityarthaḥ | anigrahīturasaṃyatātmanaḥ sakāśātsaṃyatātmano nigrahīturviśeṣadyotanāya tuśabdaḥ | manonigrahe'bhyāsavairāgyayoḥ samuccayabodhanāya caśabdaḥ | he kaunteyeti pitṛṣvasṛputrastvamavaśyaṃ mayā sukhī kartavya iti snehasambandhasūcanenāśvāsayati | atra prathamārdhena cittasya haṭhanigraho na sambhavatīti dvitīyārdhena tu kramanigrahaḥ sambhavatītyuktam |

dvividho hi manaso nigrahaḥ | haṭhena krameṇa ca | tatra cakṣuḥśrotrādīni jñānendriyāṇi vākpāṇyādīni karmendriyāṇi ca tadgolakamātroparodhena haṭhānnigṛhyante | taddṛṣṭāntena mano'pi haṭhena nigrahīṣyāmīti mūḍhasya bhrāntirbhavati | na ca tathā nigrahītuṃ śakyate tadgolakasya hṛdayakamalasya niroddhumaśakyatvāt | ataeva ca kramanigraha eva yuktastadetadbhagavān vasiṣṭha āha

upaviśyopaviśyaiva cittajñena muhurmuhuḥ |
na śakyate mano jetuṃ vinā yuktimaninditām ||
aṅkuśena vinā matto yathā duṣṭamataṅgajaḥ |
adhyātmavidyādhigamaḥ sādhusaṅgama eva ca ||
vāsanāsamparityāgaḥ prāṇaspandanirodhanam |
etāstā yuktayaḥ puṣṭāḥ santi cittajaye kila ||
satīṣu yuktiṣvetāsu haṭhānniyamayanti ye |
cetaste dīpamutsṛjya vinighnanti tamo'ñjanaiḥ || iti |

kramanigrahe cādhyātmavidyādhigama eka upāyaḥ | hi dṛśyasya mithyātvaṃ dṛgvastunaśca paramārthasatyaparamānandasvaprakāśatavaṃ bodhayati | tathā ca satyetanmanaḥ svagocareṣu buddhvā nirindhanāgnivatsvayamevopaśāmyati | yastu bodhitamapi tattvaṃ na samyagbudhyate yo vismarati tayoḥ sādhusaṅgama evopāyaḥ | sādhavo hi punaḥ punarbodhayanti smārayanti ca | yastu vidyāmadādidurvāsanayā pīḍyamāno na sādhūnanuvartitumutsahate tasya pūrvoktavivekena vāsanāparityāga evopāyaḥ | yastu vāsanānāmatiprābalyāttāstyaktuṃ na śaknoti tasya prāṇaspandanirodha eva upāyaḥ | prāṇaspandavāsanayościttaprerakatvāttayornirodhe cittaśāntirupapadyate | tadetadāha sa eva

dve bīje cittavṛkṣasya prāṇaspandanavāsane |
ekasmiṃśca tayoḥ kṣīṇe kṣipraṃ dve api naśyataḥ ||
prāṇāyāmadṛḍhābhyāsairyuktyā ca gurudattayā |
āsanāśanayogena prāṇaspando nirudhyate ||
asaṅgavyavahāritvādbhavabhāvanavarjanāt |
śarīranāśadarśitvādvāsanā na pravartate ||
vāsanāsamparityāgāccittaṃ gacchatyacittatām |
prāṇaspandanirodhācca yathecchasi tathā kuru ||
etāvanmātrakaṃ manye rūpaṃ cittasya rāghava |
yadbhāvanaṃ vastuno'ntarvastutvena rasena ca ||
yadā na bhāvyate kiṃciddheyopādeyarūpi yat |
sthīyate sakalaṃ tyaktvā tadā cittaṃ na jāyate ||
avāsanatvātsatataṃ yadā na manute manaḥ |
amanastā tadodeti paramātmapadapradā || iti |

atra dvāvevopāyau paryavasitau prāṇaspandanirodhārthamabhyāsaḥ | vāsanāparityāgārthaṃ ca vairāgyamiti | sādhusaṅgamādhyātmavidyādhigamau tvabhyāsavairāgyopapādakatayānyathāsiddhau tayorevāntarbhavataḥ | ata eva bhagavatābhyāsena vairāgyeṇa ceti dvayamevoktam | ataeva bhagavān patañjalirasūtrayatabhyāsavairāgyābhyāṃ tannirodhaḥ [YogaS 1.12] iti | tāsāṃ prāguktānāṃ pramāṇaviparyayavikalpanidrāsmṛtirūpeṇa pañcavidhānāmanantānāmāsuratvena kliṣṭānāṃ daivatvenākliṣṭānāmapi vṛttīnāṃ sarvāssāmapi nirodho nirindhanāgnivadupaśamākhyaḥ pariṇāmo'bhyāsena vairāgyeṇa ca samuccitena bhavati | taduktaṃ yogabhāṣye cittanadī nāmobhayatovāhinī vahati kalyāṇāya
vahati pāpāya ca | tatra kaivalyaprāgbhārā vivekanimnā kalyāṇavahā | tvavivekanimnā saṃsāraprāgbhārā pāpavahā | tatra vairāgyeṇa viṣayasrotaḥ khilīkriyate | vivekadarśanābhyāsena ca kalyāṇasrota udghāṭyate ityubhayādhīnaścittavṛttinirodha iti | prāgbhāranimnapade tadā vivekanimnaṃ kaivalyaprāgbhāraṃ cittamityatra vyākhyāyate | yathā tīvravegopetaṃ nadīpravāhaṃ setubandhanena nivārya kulyāpraṇayena kṣetrābhimukhaṃ tiryakpravāhāntaramutpādyate tathā vairāgyeṇa cittanadyā viṣayapravāhaṃ nivārya samādhyabhyāsena praśāntavāhitā sampādyata iti dvārabhedātsamuccaya eva | ekadvāratve hi brīhiyavadvikalpaḥ syāditi |

mantrajapadevatādhyānādīnāṃ kriyārūpāṇāmāvṛttilakṣaṇo'bhyāsaḥ sambhavāt | sarvavyāpāroparamasya tu samādheḥ ko nāmābhyāsa iti śaṅkāṃ nivārayitumabhyāsaṃ sūtrayati sma tatra sthitau yatno'bhyāsaḥ [YogaS 1.13] iti | tatra svarūpāvasthite draṣṭari śuddhe cidātmani cittasyāvṛttikasya praśāntavāhitārūpā niścalatāsthitistadarthaṃ yatno mānasa utsāhaḥ svabhāvacāñcalyādbahiṣpravāhaśīlaṃ cittaṃ sarvathā nirotsyāmītyevaṃ vidhaḥ | sa āvartyamāno'bhyāsa ucyate | sa tu dīrghakālanairantaryasatkārāsevito dṛḍhabhūmiḥ [YogaS 1.14] anirvedena dīrghakālasevito vicchedābhāvena nirantarāsevitaḥ satkāreṇa śraddhātiśayena cāsevitaḥ |
so'bhyāso dṛḍhabhūmirviṣayasukhavāsanayā cālayitumaśakyo bhavati | adīrghakālatve dīrghakālatve'pi vicchidya vicchidya sevane śraddhātiśayābhāve ca layavikṣepakaṣāyasukhāsvādānāmaparihāre vyutthānasaṃskāraprābalyādadṛḍhabhūmirabhyāsaḥ phalāya na syāditi trayamupāttam |

vairāgyaṃ tu dvividhamaparaṃ paraṃ ca | yatmānasaṃjñāvyatirekasaṃjñaikendriyasaṃjñāvaśīkārasaṃjñābhedairaparaṃ caturdhā | tatra pūrvabhūmijayenottarabhūmisampādanavivakṣayā caturthamevāsūtrayat dṛṣṭānuśravikaviṣayavitṛṣṇasya vaśīkārasaṃjñā vairāgyam [YogaS 1.15] iti | striyo'nnaṃ pānamaiśvaryamityādayo dṛṣṭā viṣayāḥ | svargo videhatā prakṛtilaya ityādayo vaidikatvenānuśravikā viṣayāsteṣūbhayavidheṣvapi satyāmeva tṛṣṇāyāṃ vivekatāratamyena yatamānāditrayaṃ bhavati | atra jagati kiṃ sāraṃ kimasāramiti guruśāstrābhyāṃ
jñāsāmītyudyogo yatamānam | svacitte pūrvavidyamānadoṣāṇāṃ madhye'bhyasyamānavivekenaite pakvā ete'vaśiṣṭā iti cikitsakavadvivecanaṃ vyatirekaḥ | dṛṣṭānuśravikaviṣayapravṛtterduḥkhātmatvabodhena bhairindriyapravṛttimajanayantyā api tṛṣṇāyā autsukyamātreṇa manasyavasthānamekendriyam | manasyapi tṛṣṇāśūnyatvena sarvathā vaitṛṣṇyaṃ tṛṣṇāvirodhinī cittavṛttirjñānaprasādarūpā vaśīkārasaṃjñā vairāgyaṃ samprajñātasya samādherantaraṅgaṃ sādhanamasaṃprajñātasya tu bahiraṅgam | tasya tvantaraṅgasādhanaṃ paramevaṃ vairāgyam | taccāsūtrayat tatparaṃ puruṣakhyāter
guṇavaitṛṣṇyam [YogaS 1.16] iti | samprajñātasamādhipāṭavena guṇatrayātmakātpradhānādviviktasya puruṣasya khyātiḥ sākṣātkāra utpadyate | tataścāśeṣaguṇatrayavyavahāreṣu vaitṛṣṇyaṃ yadbhavati tatparaṃ śreṣṭhaṃ phalabhūtaṃ vairāgyam | tatparipākanimittācca cittopaśamaparipākādavilambena kaivalyamiti ||35||

The Sārārthavarṣiṇī commentary by Viśvanātha

uktamarthamaṅgīkṛtya samadadhāti aśaṃśayamiti | tvayoktaṃ satyameva, kintu balavānapi rogastatpraśamakauṣadhasevayā sadvaidyaprayuktaprakārayā muhurabhyastayā yathā cirakālena śāmyatyeva, tathā durnigrahamapi mano'bhyāsena sadgurūpadiṣṭaprakāreṇa parameśvaradhyānayogasya muhuranuśīlanena vairāgyeṇa viṣayeṣvanāsaṅgena ca gṛhyate svahastavaśīkartuṃ śakyata ityarthaḥ | tathā ca pātañjalasūtram abhyāsavairāgyābhyāṃ tannirodhaḥ [YogaS 1.12] iti | mahābāho iti saṅgrāme tvayā yanmahāvīrā api vijīyante, sa ca pinākapāṇirapi vaśīkṛtastenāpi kim ? yadi mahāvīraśiromaṇirmano nāmā prādhāniko bhaṭo mahāyogāstraprayogeṇa jetuṃ śakyate, tadaiva mahābāhuteti bhāvaḥ
| he kaunteyeti tatra tvaṃ bhaiṣīḥ | matpituḥ svasuḥ kuntyāḥ putre tvayi mayā sāhāyyaṃ vidheyamiti bhāvaḥ ||35||

The Gītābhūṣaṇa commentary by Baladeva

uktamarthaṃ svīkṛtya bhagavānuvāca aśaṃśayamiti | tathāpi svaprakāśasukhaikatānatvātmaguṇābhimukhyābhyāsenātmavyatirikteṣu viṣayeṣu doṣadṛṣṭijanitena vairāgyeṇa ca mano nigrahītuṃ śakyate | tathā cātmānandāsvādhābhyāsena layapratibandhādviṣayavaitṛṣṇyena ca vikṣepapratibandhānnivṛttacāpalyaṃ manaḥ sugrahaṃ yathā sadauṣadhasevayā sadvaidyaprayuktaprakārayā muhurabhyastayā yathā cirakālena śāmyatyeva, tathā durnigrahamapi mano'bhyāsena sadgurūpadiṣṭaprakāreṇa parameśvaradhyānayogasya muhuranuśīlanena vairāgyeṇa viṣayeṣvanāsaṅgena ca gṛhyate svahastavaśīkartuṃ śakyata
ityarthaḥ | tathā ca pātañjalasūtram abhyāsavairāgyābhyāṃ tannirodhaḥ [YogaS 1.12] iti | mahābāho iti saṅgrāme tvayā yanmahāvīrā api vijīyante, sa ca pinākapāṇirapi vaśīkṛtastenāpi kim ? yadi mahāvīraśiromaṇirmano nāmā prādhāniko bhaṭo mahāyogāstraprayogeṇa jetuṃ śakyate, tadaiva mahābāhuteti bhāvaḥ | he kaunteyeti tatra tvaṃ bhaiṣīḥ | matpituḥ svasuḥ kuntyāḥ putre tvayi mayā sāhāyyaṃ vidheyamiti bhāvaḥ ||35||

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