Verse 5.1

arjuna uvāca
saṃnyāsaṃ karmaṇāṃ kṛṣṇa punaryogaṃ ca śaṃsasi |
yacchreya etayorekaṃ tanme brūhi suniścitam ||1||

The Subodhinī commentary by Śrīdhara

nivārya saṃśayaṃ jiṣṇoḥ karmasaṃnyāsayogayoḥ |
jitendriyasya ca yateḥ pañcame muktimabravīt ||

ajñānasambhūtaṃ saṃśayaṃ jñānāsinā chittvā karmayogamātiṣṭha ityuktam | tatra pūrvāparavirodhaṃ manvāno'rjuna uvāca saṃnyāsamiti | yastvātmaratireva syādityādinā sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ pārtha ityādinā ca karmasaṃnyāsaṃ kathayasi | jñānāsinā saṃśayaṃ chittvā yogamātiṣṭha iti punaryogaṃ ca kathayasi | na ca karmasaṃnyāsaḥ karmayogaśca ekasyaiva ekadaiva sambhavataḥ viruddhasvarūpatvāt | tasmādetayormadhya ekasminnanuṣṭhātavye sati mama yacchreyaḥ suniścitaṃ tadekaṃ brūhi ||1||

The Gūḍhārthadīpikā commentary by Madhusūdana

adhyāyābhyāṃ kṛto dvābhyāṃ nirṇayaḥ karmabodhayoḥ |
karmatattyāgayordvābhyāṃ nirṇayaḥ kriyate'dhunā ||

tṛtīye'dhyāye jyāyasī cetkarmaṇaste ityādinārjunena pṛṣṭo bhagavān jñānakarmaṇorvikalpasamuccayāsambhavenādhikāribhedavyavasthayā loke'smin dvividhā niṣṭhā purā proktā mayānagha ityādinā nirṇayaṃ kṛtavān | tathā cājñādhikārikaṃ karma na jñānena saha samuccīyate tejastimirayoriva yugapadasambhavātkarmādhikārahetubhedabuddhyapanodakatvena jñānasya tadvirodhitvāt | nāpi vikalpyate ekārthatvābhāvāt | jñānakāryasyājñānanāśasya karmaṇā kartumaśakyatvāttameva viditvāpi mṛtyumeti nānyaḥ panthā vidyate'nāyanāya iti śruteḥ |

jñāne jāte tu karmakāryaṃ nāpekṣyata evetyuktaṃ yāvānartha udapāne ityatra | tathā ca jñāninaḥ karmānadhikāre niścite prārabdhakarmavaśādvṛthāceṣṭārūpeṇa tadanuṣṭhānaṃ vā sarvakarmasaṃnyāso veti nirvivādaṃ caturthe nirṇītam | ajñena tvantaḥkaraṇaśuddhidvārā jñānotpattaye karmāṇyanuṣṭheyāni tametaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasānāśakena iti śruteḥ | sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ pārtha jñāne parisamāpyate iti bhagavadvacanācca | evaṃ sarvakarmāṇi jñānārthāni | tathā sarvakarmasaṃnyāso'pi jñānārthaḥ śrūyate etameva pravrājino lokamicchantaḥ pravrajanti, śānto
dānta uparatastitikṣuḥ samāhito bhūtvātmanyevātmānaṃ paśyet, tyajataiva hi tajjñeyaṃ tyuktuḥ pratyakparaṃ padam, satyānṛte sukhaduḥkhe vedānimaṃ lokamamuṃ ca parityajyātmānamanvicchetityādau |

tatra karma tattyāgayorārādupakārakasaṃnipatyopakārakayoḥ prayājāvaghātayoriva na samuccayaḥ sambhavati viruddhatvena yaugapadyābhāvāt | nāpi karmatattyāgayorātmajñānamātraphalatvenaikārthatvādatirātrayoḥ ṣoḍaśigrahaṇāgrahaṇayoriva vikalpaḥ syāt | dvārabhedenaikārthatvābhāvāt | karmaṇo hi pāpakṣayarūpamadṛṣṭameva dvāraṃ, saṃnyāsasya tu sarvavikṣepābhāvena vicārāvasaradānarūpaṃ dṛṣṭameva dvāram | niyamāpūrvaṃ tu dṛṣṭasamavāyitvādavaghātādāviva na prayojakam | tathā cādṛṣṭārthadṛṣṭārthayorārādupakārakasaṃnipātyopakārakayorekapradhānārthatve'pi vikalpo nāstyeva | prayājāvaghātādīnām
api tatprasaṅgāt | tasmātkrameṇobhayamapyanṣṭheyam | tatrāpi saṃnyāsānantaraṃ karmānuṣṭhānaṃ cettadā parityaktapūrvāśramasvīkāreṇārūḍhapatitatvātkarmānadhikāritvaṃ prāktanasaṃnyāsavaiyarthyaṃ ca tasyādṛṣṭārthatvābhāvāt | prathamakṛtasaṃnyāsenaiva jñānādhikāralābhe taduttarakāle karmānuṣṭhānavaiyarthyaṃ ca | tasmādādau bhagavadarpaṇabuddhyā niṣkāmakarmānuṣṭhānādantaḥkaraṇaśuddhau tīvreṇa vairāgyeṇa vividiṣāyāṃ dṛḍhāyāṃ sarvakarmasaṃnyāsaḥ śravaṇamananādirūpavedāntavākyavicārāya kartavya iti bhagavato matam | tathā coktam na karmaṇāmanārambhān
naiṣkarmyaṃ puruṣo'śnute iti | vakṣyate ca

ārurukṣormuneryogaṃ karma kāraṇamucyate |
yogārūḍhasya tasyaiva śamaḥ kāraṇamucyate || [Gītā 6.3] iti |

yogo'tra tīvravairāgyapūrvikā vividiṣā | taduktaṃ vārtikakāraiḥ

pratyagvividiṣāsiddhyai vedānuvacanādayaḥ |
brahmāvāptyai tu tattyāga īpsantīti śruterbalāt || iti |

smṛtiśca
kaṣāyapaṅktiḥ karmāṇi jñānaṃ tu paramā gatiḥ |
kaṣāye karmabhiḥ pakve tato jñānaṃ pravartate || iti |

mokṣadharme
kaṣāyaṃ pācayitvā ca śreṇīsthāneṣu ca triṣu |
pravrajecca paraṃ sthānaṃ pārivrājyamanuttamam ||
bhāvinaḥ karaṇaiścāyaṃ bahusaṃsārayoniṣu |
āsādayati śuddhātmā mokṣaṃ vai prathamāśrame ||
tamāsādya tu muktasya dṛṣṭārthasya vipaścitaḥ |
triṣvāśrameṣu ko nvartho bhavetparamābhīpsitaḥ || iti |

mokṣaṃ vairāgyam | etena kramākramasaṃnyāso dvāvapi darśinau | tathā ca śrutiḥ brahmacaryaṃ samāpya gṛhī bhavedgṛhādvanī bhūtvā pravrajedyadi vetarathā brahmacaryādeva pravrajedgṛhādvā vanādvā yadahareva virajettadahareva pravrajetiti |

tasmādajñasyāviraktatādaśāyāṃ karmānuṣṭhānameva | tasyaiva viraktatādaśāyāṃ saṃnyāsaḥ śravaṇādyavasaradānena jñānārthaṃ iti daśābhedenājñamadhikṛtyaiva karmatattyāgau vyākhyātuṃ pañcamaṣaṣṭhāvadhyāyāvārabhyete | vidvatsaṃnyāsastu jñānabalādarthasiddha eveti sandehābhāvānna vicāryate |

tatraikameva jijñāsumajñaṃ prati jñānārthatvena karmatattyāgayorvigdhānāttayośca viruddhayoryugapadanuṣṭhānāsambhavānmayā jijñāsunā kimidānīmanuṣṭheyamiti sandihāno'rjuna uvāca saṃnyāsamiti |

he kṛṣṇa ! sadānandarūpa bhaktaduḥkhakarṣaṇeti vā | karmaṇāṃ yāvajjīvādiśrutivihitānāṃ nityānāṃ naimittikānāṃ ca saṃnyāsaṃ tyāgaṃ jijñāsumajñaṃ prati kathayasi vedamukhena punastadviruddhaṃ yogaṃ ca karmānuṣṭhānarūpaṃ śaṃsasi | etameva pravrājino lokamicchantaḥ pravrajanti, tametaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena ityādivākyadvayena

nirāśīryatacittātmā tyaktasarvaparigrahaḥ |
śārīraṃ kevalaṃ karma kurvannāpnoti kilbiṣam || [Gītā 4.21]

chittvainaṃ saṃśayaṃ yogamātiṣṭhottiṣṭha bhārata iti gītāvākyadvayena vā | tatraikamajñaṃ prati karmatattyāgayorvidhānādyugapadubhayānuṣṭhānasambhavādetayoḥ karmatattyāgayormadhye yadekaṃ śreyaḥ praśasyataraṃ manyase karma vā tattyāgaṃ vā tanme brūhi suniścitaṃ tava matamanuṣṭhānāya ||1||

The Sārārthavarṣiṇī commentary by Viśvanātha

proktaṃ jñānādapi śreṣṭhaṃ karma taddāṛḍhyasiddhaye |
tatpadārthasya ca jñānaṃ sāmyādyā api pañcame ||

pūrvādhyāyānte śrutena vākyadvāreṇa virodhamāśaṅkamānaḥ pṛcchati sannyāsamiti |

yogasaṃnyastakarmāṇaṃ jñānasaṃchinnasaṃśayam |
ātmavantaṃ na karmāṇi nibadhnanti dhanaṃjaya || [Gītā 4.41]

iti vākyena tvaṃ karmayogenotpannajñānasya karmasaṃnyāsaṃ brūṣe |

tasmādajñānasaṃbhūtaṃ hṛtsthaṃ jñānāsinātmanaḥ |
chittvainaṃ saṃśayaṃ yogamātiṣṭhottiṣṭha bhārata || [Gītā 4.42]

ityanena punastasyaiva karmayogaṃ ca brūṣe | na ca karmasaṃnyāsaḥ karmayogaśca ekasyaiva ekadaiva sambhavataḥ, sthitigativatviruddhasvarūpatvāt | tasmājjñānī karmasaṃnyāsaṃ kuryāt, karmayogaṃ vā kuryāditi tvadabhiprāyamanavagato |haṃ pṛcchāmi etayormadhye yadekaṃ śreyastvayā suniścitaṃ tanme brūhi ||1||

The Gītābhūṣaṇa commentary by Baladeva

jñānataḥ karmaṇaḥ śraiṣṭhyaṃ sukaratvādinā hariḥ |
śuddhasya tadakartṛtvaṃ tvetyādi prāha pañcame ||

dvitīye mumukṣuṃ pratyātmavijñānaṃ mocakamabhidhāya tadupāyayā niṣkāmaṃ karma kartavyamabhyadhāt | labdhavijñānasya na kiṃcitkarmāstīti yastvātmaratireva syātiti tṛtīye, sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ pārtha iti caturthe cāvādīt | ante tu tasmādajñānasaṃbhūtaṃ [Gītā 4.42] ityādinā tasyaiva punaḥ karmayogaṃ prāvocat | tatrārjunaḥ pṛcchati saṃnyāsamiti | he kṛṣṇa ! karmaṇāṃ sannyāsaṃ sarvendriyavyāpāraviratirūpaṃ jñānayogamityarthaḥ | punaryogaṃ karmānuṣṭhānaṃ ca sarvendriyavyāpārarūpaṃ śaṃsasi | na caikasya yugapattau sambhavetāṃ,
sthitigativattamastejovacca viruddhasvarūpatvāt | tasmāllabdhajñānaḥ karma sannyasedanutiṣṭhedveti bhavadabhimataṃ vettumaśakto'haṃ pṛcchāmi | etayoḥ karmasannyāsakarmānuṣṭhānayoryadekaṃ śreyastvayā suniścitaṃ tattvaṃ me brūhīti ||1||

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