Verse 3.37

śrībhagavānuvāca
kāma eṣa krodha eṣa rajoguṇasamudbhavaḥ |
mahāśano mahāpāpmā viddhyenamiha vairiṇam ||37||

The Subodhinī commentary by Śrīdhara

atrottaraṃ śrībhagavānuvāca kāma eṣa krodha eṣa iti | yastvayā pṛṣṭo hetureva kāma eva | nanu krodho'pi pūrvaṃ tvayoktamindriyasyendriyasyārtha ityatra | satyam | nāsau tataḥ pṛthak | kintu krodho'pyeṣaḥ | kāma eva hi kenacitpratihataḥ krodhātmanā pariṇamate | pūrvaṃ pṛthaktvenokto'pi krodhakāmaja evetyabhiprāyeṇa ekīkṛtyocyate | rajoguṇātsamudbhavatīti tathā | anena sattvavṛddhyā rajasi kṣayaṃ nīte sati kāmo na jāyata iti sūcitam | enaṃ kāmamiha mokṣamārge vairiṇaṃ viddhi | ayaṃ ca vakṣyamāṇakrameṇa hantavya eva | yato nāsau dānena sandhātuṃ śakya ityāha mahāśanaḥ | mahadaśanaṃ
yasya saḥ | duṣpūra ityarthaḥ | na ca sāmnā sandhātuṃ śakyaḥ | yato mahāpāpmā'tyugraḥ ||37||

The Gūḍhārthadīpikā commentary by Madhusūdana

evamarjunena pṛṣṭe atho khalvāhuḥ kāmamaya evāyaṃ puruṣa iti, ātmaivedamagra āsīdeka eva so'kāmayata jāyā me syādatha prajāyeyātha vittaṃ me syādatha karma kurvīya ityādiśrutisiddhamuttaraṃ śrībhagavānuvāca kāma iti | yastvayā pṛṣṭo heturbalādanarthamārge pravartakaḥ sa eṣa kāma eva mahān śatruḥ | yannimittā sarvānarthaprāptiḥ prāṇinām |

nanu krodho'pyabhicārādau pravartako dṛṣṭa ityata āha krodha eṣaḥ | kāma eva kenaciddhetunā pratihataḥ krodhatvena pariṇamate'taḥ krodho'pyeṣa kāma eva | etasminneva mahāvairiṇi nivārite sarvapuruṣārthaprāptirityarthaḥ | tannivāraṇopāyajñānāya tatkāraṇamāha rajoguṇasamudbhavaḥ | duḥkhapravṛttibalātmako rajoguṇa eva samudbhavaḥ kāraṇaṃ yasya | ataḥ kāraṇānuvidhāyitvātkāryasya so'pi tathā | yadyapi tamoguṇo'pi tasya kāraṇaṃ tathāpi duḥkhe pravṛttau ca rajasa eva prādhānyāttasyaiva nirdeśaḥ | etena sāttvikyā vṛttyā rajasi kṣīṇe so'pi kṣīyata ityuktam |

athavā tasya kathamanarthamārge pravartakatvamityata āha rajoguṇasya pravṛttyādilakṣaṇasya samudbhavo yasmāt | kāmo hi viṣayābhilāṣātmakaḥ svayamudbhūto rajaḥ pravartayan puruṣaṃ duḥkhātmake karmaṇi pravartayati | tenāyamavaśyaṃ hantavya ityabhiprāyaḥ |

nanu sāmadānabhedadaṇḍāścatvāra upāyāstatra prathamatrikasyāsambhave caturtho daṇḍaḥ prayoktavyo na tu haṭhādevetyāśaṅkya trayāṇāmasambhavaṃ vaktuṃ viśinaṣṭi mahāśano mahāpāpmeti | mahadaśanamasyeti mahāśanaḥ |

yatpṛthivyāṃ vrīhiyavaṃ hiraṇyaṃ paśavaḥ striyaḥ |
nālamekasya tatsarvamiti matvā śamaṃ vrajet || iti smṛteḥ |

ato na dānena sandhātuṃ śakyaḥ | nāpi sāmabhedābhyāṃ yato mahāpāpmātyugraḥ | tena hi balātprerito'niṣṭaphalamapi jānan pāpaṃ karoti | ato viddhi jānīhi enaṃ kāmamiha saṃsāre vairiṇam |

tadetatsarvaṃ vivṛtaṃ vārtikakāraiḥ ātmaivedamagra āsītiti śrutivyākhyāne

pravṛttau ca nivṛttau ca yathoktasyādhikāriṇaḥ |
svātantrye sati saṃsārasṛtau kasmātpravartate ||
na tu niḥśeṣavidhvastasaṃsārānarthavartmani |
nivṛttilakṣaṇe vācyaṃ kenāyaṃ preryate'vaśaḥ ||
anarthaparipākatvamapi jānan pravartate |
pāratantryamṛte dṛṣṭā pravṛttirnedṛśī kvacit ||
tasmācchreyorthinaḥ puṃsaḥ prerako'niṣṭakarmaṇi |
vaktavyastannirāsārthamityarthā syātparā śrutiḥ ||
anāptapuruṣārtho'yaṃ niḥśeṣānarthasaṅkulaḥ |
ityakāmayatānāptān pumarthān sādhanairjaḍaḥ ||
jihāsati tathānarthānavidvānātmani śritān |
avidyodbhūtakāmaḥ sannatho khalviti ca śrutiḥ ||
akāmataḥ kriyāḥ kāściddṛśyante neha kasyacit |
yadyaddhi kurute jantustattatkāmasya ceṣṭitam ||
kāma eṣa krodha eṣa ityādivacanaṃ smṛteḥ |
pravartako nāparo'taḥ kāmādanyaḥ pratīyate || iti |

akāmata iti manuvacanam | anyatspaṣṭam ||37||

The Sārārthavarṣiṇī commentary by Viśvanātha

eṣa kāma eva viṣayābhilāṣātmakaḥ puruṣaṃ pāpe pravartayati tenaiva prayuktaḥ puruṣaḥ pāpaṃ caratītyarthaḥ | eṣa kāma eva pṛthaktvena dṛśyamāna eṣa pratyakṣaḥ krodho bhavati | kāma eva kenacitpratihato bhūtvā krodhākāreṇa pariṇamatītyarthaḥ | kāmo rajoguṇasamudbhava iti rājasātkāmādeva tāmasaḥ krodho jāyate ityarthaḥ | kāmasya apekṣitapūraṇena nivṛttiḥ syāditi cennetyāha mahāśano mahadaśanaṃ yasya saḥ |

yatpṛthivyāṃ vrīhiyavaṃ hiraṇyaṃ paśavaḥ striyaḥ |
nālamekasya tatsarvamiti matvā śamaṃ vrajet || iti smṛteḥ |

kāmasyāpekṣitaṃ pūrayitumaśakyameva | nanu dānena sandhātumaśakyaścetsāmabhedābhyāṃ sa svavaśīkartavyaḥ | tatrāha mahāpāpmātyugraḥ ||37||

The Gītābhūṣaṇa commentary by Baladeva

tatrāha bhagavān kāma iti | kāmaḥ prāktanavāsanāhetukaḥ śabdādiviṣayako'bhilāṣaḥ puruṣaṃ pāpe prerayati tadanicchumapi so'sya preraka ityarthaḥ | nanvabhicārādau krodho'pi prerako dṛṣṭaḥ sa cendriyasyetyādaubhavatāpi pṛthagukta iti cet, satyam | na sa tasmātpṛthak, kintveṣa kāma eva kenaciccetanena pratihataḥ krodho bhavati | dugdhamivāmlena yuktaṃ dadhi | kāmajaya eva krodhajaya iti bhāvaḥ | kīdṛśaḥ kāma ityāha rajoguṇeti | sattvavṛddhyā rajasi nirjite kāmo nirjitaḥ syādityarthaḥ | na cāpekṣitapradānena kāmasya nivṛttirityāha mahāśana iti |

yatpṛthivyāṃ vrīhiyavaṃ hiraṇyaṃ paśavaḥ striyaḥ |
nālamekasya tatsarvamiti matvā śamaṃ vrajet || iti smaraṇāt |

na ca sāmnā bhedena vā sa vaśībhavedityāha mahāpāpmeti | yo'tyugro vivekajñānavilopena niṣiddhe'pi pravartayati tasmādiha dānayoge enaṃ vairiṇaṃ viddhi tathā ca jñānādibhistribhirupāyaiḥ sandhātumaśakyatvādvakṣyamāṇena daṇḍena sa hantavya iti bhāvaḥ | īśvaraḥ karmāntaritaḥ parjanyavatsarvatra prerakaḥ | kāmastu svayameva pāpmāgre iti tathoktam ||37||

__________________________________________________________