Bhagavad-gita with four Commentaries [sanskrit]

140,673 words | ISBN-10: 8189564072 | ISBN-13: 9788189564070

The Sanskrit edition of the Bhagavad Gita with four commentaries: (1) The Subodhini by Shridhara (Sridhara Swami), (2) The Gudharthadipika by Madhusudana (Saraswati), (3) The Sararthavarshini by Vishvanatha (Vishwanath Chakravarti) and (4) The Gitabhushana by Baladeva (Vidyabhushan). Original titles: Bhagavadgītā (भगवद्गीता), Śrīdhara (श्रीधर), Madhusūdana (मधुसूदन), Viśvanātha (विश्वनाथ), Baladeva (बलदेव)

āścaryavatpaśyati kaścidenam
āścaryavadvadati tathaiva cānyaḥ |
āścaryavaccainamanyaḥ śṛṇoti
śrutvāpyenaṃ veda na caiva kaścit ||29||

The Subodhinī commentary by Śrīdhara

kutastarhi vidvāṃso'pi loke śocanti ? ātmājñānādeva ityāśayenātmano durvijñeyatvamāha āścaryavadityādi | kaścidenamātmānaṃ śāstrācāryopadeśābhyāṃ paśyannāścaryavatpaśyati | sarvagatasya nityajñānānadasvabhāvasyātmanaḥ alaukikatvādaindrajālikavadghaṭamānaṃ paśyanniva vismayena paśyati asambhāvanābhibhūtatvāt | tathā āścaryavadanyo vadati ca | śṛṇoti cānyaḥ | kaścitpunaḥ viparītabhāvanābhibhūtaḥ śrutvāpi naiva veda | caśabdāduktvāpi na dṛṣṭvāpi na samyagvedeti draṣṭavyam ||29||

The Gūḍhārthadīpikā commentary by Madhusūdana

nanu vidvāṃso'pi bahavaḥ śocanti tatkiṃ māmeva punaḥ punarevamupālabhase | anyacca vaktureva hi tajjāḍyaṃ śrotā yatra na budhyate iti nyāyāttvadvacanārthāpartipattiśca tavāpyanyeṣāmiva svāśayadoṣāditi noktadoṣadvayamityabhipretyātmano durvijñeyatāmāha āścaryavaditi |

enaṃ prakṛtaṃ dehinamāścaryeṇādbhutena tulyatayā vartamānamāvidyakanānāvidhaviruddhadharmavattayā satanmapyasantamiva svaprakāśacaitanyarūpamapi jaḍamivānandaghanamapi duḥkhitamiva nirvikāramapi savikāramiva nityamanityamiva prakāśamānamapyaprakāśamānamiva brahmābhinnamapi tadbhinnamiva muktamapi baddhamivādvitīyamapi sadvitīyamiva sambhāvitavicitrānekākārapratītiviṣayaṃ paśyati śāstrācāryopadeśābhyāmāvidyakasarvadvaitaniṣedhena paramātmasvarūpamātrākārāyāṃ vedāntamahāvākyajanyāyāṃ sarvasukṛtaphalabhūtāyāmantaḥkaraṇavṛttau pratiphalitaṃ samādhiparipākena sākṣātkaroti kaścicchamadamādisādhanasampannacaramaśarīraḥ kaścideva na tu
sarvaḥ | tathā kaścidenaṃ yatpaśyati tadāścaryavaditi kriyāviśeṣaṇam | ātmadarśanamapyāścaryavadeva yatsvarūpato mithyābhūtamapi satyasya vyañjakamāvidyakamapyavidyāyā vighātakamavidyāmupaghnattatkāryatayā svātmānamapyupahantīti | tathā yaḥ kaścidenaṃ paśyati sa āścaryavaditi kartṛviśeṣaṇam | yato'sau nivṛttāvidyātatkāryo'pi prārabdhakarmaprābalyāttadvāniva vyaharati sarvadā samādhiniṣṭho'pi vyuttiṣṭhati vyutthito'pi punaḥ samādhimanubhavatīti prārabdhakarmavaicitryādvicitracaritraḥ prāptaduṣprāpajñānatvātsakalalokaspṛhaṇīyo'ta āścaryavadeva bhavati | tadetattrayamapyāścaryamātmā tajjñānaṃ tajjñātā ceti paramadurvijñeyamātmānaṃ tvaṃ katham
anāyāsena jānīyā ityabhiprāyaḥ |

īvamupadeṣṭurabhāvādapyātmā durvijñeyaḥ | yo hyātmānaṃ jānāti sa eva tamanyasmai dhruvaṃ brūyāt | ajñasyopadeṣṭṛtvāsambhavāt, jānaṃstu samāhitacittaḥ prāyeṇa kathaṃ bravītu | vyutthitacitto'pi pareṇa jñātumaśakyaḥ | yathā kathaṃcijjñāto'pi lābhapūjākhyātyādiprayojanānapekṣatvācca bravītyeva | kathaṃcitkāruṇyamātreṇa bruvaṃstu parameśvaravadatyantadurlabha evetyāha āścaryavadvadati tathaiva cānya iti | yathājānāti tathaiva vadati | enamityanukarṣaṇārthaścakāraḥ | sa cānyaḥ sarvājñajanavilakṣaṇaḥ | na tu yaḥ paśyati tato'nya iti vyāghātāt | atrāpi karmaṇi kriyāyāṃ kartari cāścaryavaditi
yojyam | tatra karmaṇaḥ kartuśca prāgāścaryavattvaṃ vyākhyātaṃ kriyāyāstu vyākhyāyate | sarvaśabdāvācyasya śuddhasyātmano yadvacanaṃ tadāścaryavat | tathā ca śrutiḥ yato vāco nivartante aprāpya manasā saha iti | kenāpi śabdenāvācyasya śuddhasyātmano viśiṣṭaśaktena padena jahadajahatsvārthalakṣaṇāyā kalpitasambandhena lakṣyatāvacchedakamantareṇaiva pratipādanaṃ tadapi nirvikalpasākṣātkārarūpamatyāścaryamityarthaḥ |

athavā vinā śaktiṃ vinā lakṣaṇāṃ vinā sambandhāntaraṃ suṣuptotthāpakavākyavattattvamasyādivākyena yadātmatattvapratipādanaṃ tadāścaryavat | śabdaśakteracintyatvāt | na ca vinā sambandhaṃ bodhanen'tiprasaṅgaḥ lakṣaṇāpakṣe'pi tulyatvāt | śakyasambandhasyānekasādhāraṇatvāt | tātparyaviśeṣānniyama iti cet, na | tasyāpi sarvān pratyaviśeṣāt | kaścideva tātparyaviśeṣamavadhārayati na sarva iti cet | hanta tarhi puruṣagata eva kaścidviśeṣo nirdoṣatvarūpo niyāmakaḥ | na cāsmin pakṣe'pi na daṇḍavāritaḥ | tathā ca yādṛśasya śuddhāntaḥkaraṇasya tātparyānusandhānapuraḥsaraṃ
lakṣaṇayā vākyārthabodho bhavadbhiraṅgī kriyate tādṛśasyaiva kevalaḥ śabdaviśeṣo'khaṇḍasākṣātkāraṃ vināpi sambandhena janayatīti kimanupapannam | etasmin pakṣe śabdavṛttyaviṣayatvādyato vāco nivartanta iti sutarāmupapannam | ayaṃ ca bhagavadabhiprāyo vārtikakāraiḥ prapañcitaḥ

durbalatvādavidyāyā ātmatvādbodharūpiṇaḥ |
śabdaśakteracitnyatvādvidmastaṃ mohahānataḥ ||
agṛhītvaiva sambandhamabhidhānābhidheyayoḥ |
hitvā nidrāṃ prabudhyante suṣupterbodhitāḥ paraiḥ ||
jāgradvanna yataḥ śabdaṃ suṣupte vetti kaścana |
dhvaste'to jñānato'jñāne brahmāsmīti bhavetphalam ||
avidyāghātinaḥ śabdādyāhaṃ brahmeti dhīrbhavet |
naśyatyavidyayā sārdhaṃ hatvā rogamivauṣadham || [Bṛhat.Vā 1.4.860-863]
ityādinā granthena |

tadevaṃ vacanaviṣayasya vakturvacanakriyāyāścātyāścaryarūpatvādātmano durvijñānatvamuktvā śroturdurmilatvādapi tadāha āścaryavaccainamanyaḥ śṛṇoti śrtuvā'pyenaṃ vedeti | anyo draṣṭurvaktuśca muktādvilakṣaṇo mumukṣurvaktāraṃ brahmavidaṃ vidhivadupasṛtyainaṃ śṛṇoti śravaṇākhyavicāraviṣayī karoti vedāntavākyatātparyaniścayenāvadhārayatīti yāvat | śrutvā cainaṃ manananididhyāsanaparipākādvedāpi sākṣātkarotyapi āścaryavat | tathā cāścaryavatpaśyati kaścidenamiti vyākhyātam | atrāpi karturāścaryarūpatvamanekajanmānuṣṭhitasukṛtakṣālitamanomalatayātidurlabhatvāt | tathā ca vakṣyati

manuṣyāṇāṃ sahasreṣu kaścidyatati siddhaye |
yatatāmapi siddhānāṃ kaścinmāṃ vetti tattvataḥ || [Gītā 7.3] iti |

śravaṇāyāpi bahubhiryo na labhyaḥ
śṛṇvanto'pi bahavo yaṃ na vidyuḥ |
āścaryo vaktā kuśalo'sya labdhā
āścaryo jñātā kuśalānuśiṣṭaḥ || [KaṭhU 1.2.7] iti śruteśca |

evaṃ śravaṇaśrotavyayorāścaryatvaṃ prāgvadvyākhyeyam |

nanu yaḥ śravaṇamananādikaṃ karoti sa ātmānaṃ vedeti kimāścaryamata āha na caiva kaściditi | cakāraḥ kriyākarmapadayoranuṣaṅgārthaḥ | kaścidenaṃ naiva veda śravaṇādikaṃ kurvannapi | tadakurvaṃstu na vedeti kimu vaktavyam | aihikamaprastutapratibandhe taddarśanāt[Vs. 3.4.51] iti nyāyāt | uktaṃ ca vārtikakāraiḥ

kutastajjñānamiti cettaddhi bandhaparikṣayāt |
asāvapi ca bhūtau bhāvī vartate'thavā || [Bṛh. Vā. Sa. 294] iti |

śravaṇādi kurvatāmapi pratibandhaparikṣayādeva jñānaṃ jāyate | anyathā tu na | sa ca pratibandhaparikṣayaḥ kasyacidbhūta eva | yathā hiraṇyagarbhasya | kasyacidbhāvī | yathā vāsudevasya | kasyacidvartate | yathā śvetaketoḥ | tathā ca pratibandhakṣayasyātidurlabhatvāt | jñānamutpadyate puṃsāṃ kṣayātpāpasya karmaṇaḥ iti smṛteśca durvijñeyo'yamātmeti nirgalito'rthaḥ |

yadi tu śrutvāpyenaṃ veda na caiva kaścidityeva vyākhyāyeta tadā āścaryo jñātā kuśalānuśiṣṭaḥ [KaṭhU 1.2.7] iti śrutyaikavākyatā na syāt | yatatāmapi siddhānāṃ kaścinmāṃ vetti tattvataḥ [Gītā 7.3] iti bhagavadvacanavirodhaśceti vidvadbhiravinayaḥ kṣantavyaḥ | athavā na caiva kaścidityasya sarvatra sambandhaḥ kaścidenaṃ na paśyati na vadati na śṛṇoti śrutvāpi na vedeti pañca prakārā uktāḥ kaścitpaśyatyeva na vadati kaścitpaśyati na vadati ca kaścittadvacanaṃ śṛṇoti ca tadarthaṃ jānāti ca kaścicchrutvāpi na jānāti na kaścittu sarvabahirbhūta iti | avidvatpakṣe tu asambhāvanāviparītabhāvanābhibhūtatvādāścaryatulyatvaṃ darśanavadanaśravaṇeṣv
iti nigadavyākhyātaḥ ślokaḥ | caturthapāde tu dṛṣṭvoktvā śrutvāpīti yojanā ||29||

The Sārārthavarṣiṇī commentary by Viśvanātha

nanu kimidamāścaryaṃ brūṣe | kiṃ caitadapyāścaryam | yadeva prabodhyamānasyāpyaviveko nāpayātīti tatra satyamevemeva ityāha āścaryavaditi | enamātmānaṃ dehaṃ ca tadubhayarūpaṃ sarvalokam ||29||

The Gītābhūṣaṇa commentary by Baladeva

nanu sarvajñena tvayā bahūpadiśyamāno'pyahaṃ śokanivārakamātmayāthātmyaṃ na budhye kimetaditi cettatrāha āścaryavaditi | vijñānāndobhayasvarūpatve'pi tadbhedāpratiyoginaṃ vijñānasvarūpatve'pi vijñātṛtayā santaṃ paramāṇutve'pi vyāptabṛhatkāyaṃ nānākāyasambandhe'pi tattadvikārairaspṛṣṭamevamādi bahuviruddhadharmatayāścaryavadadbhutasādṛśyena sthitamenaṃ madupadiṣṭaṃ jīvaṃ kaścideva svadharmānuṣṭhānena satyatapojapādinā ca vimṛṣṭahṛdguruprasādalabdhatādṛśajñānaḥ paśyati yāthātmyenānubhavati | āścaryavaditi kriyāviśeṣaṇaṃ kartṛviśeṣaṇaṃ veti vyākhyātāraḥ kaścid
enaṃ yatpaśyati tadāścaryavat | yaḥ kaścitpaśyati so'pyāścaryavadityarthaḥ | evamagre'pi | śrutvāpyenamiti kaścitsamyagamṛṣṭahṛdityarthaḥ | tathā ca duradhigamaṃ jīvātmayāthātmyam | śrutirapyevamāha

śravaṇāyāpi bahubhiryo na labhyaḥ
śṛṇvanto'pi bahavo yaṃ na vidyuḥ |
āścaryo vaktā kuśalo'sya labdhā
āścaryo jñātā kuśalānuśiṣṭa || [KaṭhU 1.2.7] iti ||29||

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