Abhijnana Shakuntala (synthetic study)
by Ramendra Mohan Bose | 1931 | 268,661 words
This edition concerns a thorough study of the Abhijnana Shakuntala by Kalidasa. Including the Sanskrit commentary named Kumara-Santosini (Samtoshini); and an English translation. Also, grammatical, philological, legal, explanatory, critical, historical, informative, medical and botanical notes....
Chapter 3 - Tritiya-anka (tritiyo'nkah)
trtiyo'nkah ( tatah pravisati yajamana - sisyah ' ) Text : -- sisyah ( kusanadaya ) -- aho mahanubhavah parthivo dusyantah | yena pravista - matra eva asramam tatrabhavati nirupaplavani ' nah karmani samvrttani | pathyavaktra ka katha bana-sandhane jya sabdenamva duratah | 3 hunkareneva dhanusah sa hi vighnan vyapohati || 1 || yadiman vedi-samstaranartham darbhan rtvigbhyah upaharami | ( parikramyah- valokya ca | akase ) -- priyamvade, kasyedamusira'nulepanam ' mrnalavanti ca nalini-patrani niyante | balavadasvastha sakuntala | yatnadupacaryatam ' | sahi tatrabhavatah kulapateruccha sitam | ( srutimabhiniya ) kim bravisi ? tasyah sarira- nirvapanaya iti | . 1 vaitanika santyudakam asyam gautamihaste visarjayisyami | viskambhakah | (Prelude) (Enter a disciple1 of the sacrificial priest1) atapa-lamghanat ' tahi priyamvade, ahamapi tavad (niskranta ) | Discipic (Gathering Kusa-grass) - Oh, of great puissance is king Dusyanta ! For, immediately on His Highness' entrance into the hermitage, our rites have become free from let. 3 What to speak of aiming the dart? For, by the mere twang. of his bow-string from afar, he removes3 all impediments as if with an ( angry ) roaring of the bow. (I) I will just deliver these turfs to the sacrificer for' strewing on the altar 1 (Turning round, looking about In the air ) Priyamvadaa ! for whom are these vetiver (cuscus) salve 5 and (these) fibrous lotus-leaves being carried ? (Gesticulating listening) What ! do you say " ( These are) for
81 NOTES] trtiyo'nkah 219 cooling the body of Sakuntala, who is extremely indisposed owing to a sun-stroke ?" Then let her be carefully attended 7 to. She is indeed the (very) life-breaths of the revered patriarch. Meanwhile I, too, will send 10 (for her) evil-averting sacrificial water through the hands of Gautami. (Exit). V. L. - Dr. alone reads 'kusanadaya ' separately after sisyah | 'mahanubhavah parthivo ' - R. V. 'mahaprabhavo raja - B. M. S. 'pravista- matre ' - R. V. 'yena pravistamatre ' - B. M. S. 'nirupaplavani - B. M. S.K. 'nirupadravani ' - R. V. 'samvrttani ' -- B. M. S. 'pravrttani bhavanti - R. V. 'upaharami ' - B. M. S. 'upanayami ' - R. V. 'srutimabhiniya ' - B. V. M. S. ' akarnya ' - R. 'yatnadupacaryatam, -- B. M. S. ' tvaritam gamyatam ' - R. V. 'kulapateh ' - S. 'kanvasya ' - R. V. ' tatrabhavatah kulapate .' - B. P. tata iti | - - 'yajamanasya ' kasyacit yastuh, ('yasta ca yajamanasca ' ityamarah ) | 'sisyah ' chatrah ( kyap - - 3 |1|109 ; ' sas id ahalo 4 /4/34 ; 3486 ) | 'kusan ' darbhan | ( " kusah punah, astri barbhe, gamasute na "-- iti kesavah ) | sisya iti | 'aho ' iti vismaye | 'mahana anubhavah ' prabhavah ( 'anubhavah prabhave syat niscaye bhavasucake ' iti visvah ) yasya tadrsa | natrabhavata ' pujye | 'pravistah eva ' iti pravistamatram ( mayuravyamsakaditvat nityasamasah ) tammin | anena yuddha-vitih | 'nirgata upaplava .' utpatah vighna iti yavat [ "upaplavah maimhikeye viplavot patayorapi ' iti medini ) yebhyah tani | ( yadva upaplavebhyah nirgatani ( " niradayah krantyadyarthe pancamya " iti pradi-samasah ) | atra gaksasa- nirakarane karane vaktavyam karya rupa-karma- nirupaplavatokte paryayoktalankarah ] | ka katheti | 'vananam ' saranam 'sandhane ' yojane 'ka katha ' tatkathapi nasti | sarasandhanam napeksate iti bhavah | sa hi ' raja 'dhanusa ' hunkarena ' ( 3|3|109 ) hum iti dhvanina 'iva 'duratah ' durat 'jyayah ' dhanurgunasya 'sabda ' dhvani tena tankarena 'eva ' ( anya - yoga- vyavacchedarthaka eva-sabdah ) 'vighnan ' yajna - vighna svarupan raksaman 'vyapohati ' durikaroti | na punah vana-prayogapeksa iti bhavah | ( ka katha ityatra arthapatih | 'hunkarena iva ' ityatra samasokti- garbhotpreksa, dhanusascetanatvaropat pathyavaktram vrttam ] || 1|| yavaditi | yavat ' iti vakyalankare | vidyate punyama asyam iti 'vedih ' pariskrta bhumih tasyah 'samstaranartham acchadanartha 'rtvigbhyah ' yajakebhyah (agnighradyah dhanam varya rtvijo yajakahca te ' ityamarah 'upaharami ' samgrhya tebhyo dadami | akasa iti | ( tallaksanam yatha dasa-rupake- •
220 | abhijnanasakuntalam [ 82 NOTES " "ki visyevamityadi vina patram braviti yat | srutva'nuktamapyekastat syada- kasa -bhasitam " || ) 'usirasya ' virana''khya- nrna- mulasya ( " syad biranam virataram mulesya usiramastriyam " ityamarah || 'khas " iti bhasa, iti sabda- kalpadruma || ) anulepanam ' 'karalyut - 3 |3 | 117 ) 'mrgalavanti ' visa- yuktani ('mrnalam nalade ki, punamakayovise ' iti medini ) | " nalini - patrani ' padma-parnani | 'srutimabhiniya ' pratyutaram asrutamapi srutamiti pradarsya | 'atapena ' suryakiranena 'langhanat abhibhavat saurotapa-vasat iti bhavah | 'balavat ativa 'asvastha ' pidita 'sarirasya nirvapanaya ' tapopasamanartham 'yatnat yatnam avalamvya 'upacaryatam ' sevyatam | 'mahi ' sakuntala 'kulapateh ' kanvasya 'ucchamitam ' jovanameva (ajallingatvat uddesya-vidheyayoh lingakyam ) | vittanasya ida 'vaitanika ' yajniya ('vitanam yajna ulloce vistare punamakam iti medini ) 'santyudakam ' arista-nasakam mantraputam avabhrthodakam | 'gautamihaste vivaksa- vagat adharatvam | [ "gautami nama kanvasya bhagini iti kathyate " iti katayavema- srinivasa pada . ] 'visarjayisyami prerayisyami [srjate nic svayem ] | viskambhaka iti | tallaksana tu dage -- "vrtta-vartisyamananam kathasanam nidarsaka | saksipta- rthastu viskambha adavankasya darsitah || madhyena madhyamabhyam va patrabhyam samprayo- jitah | suddhah syat sa tu sankirno nica-madhyama-kalpita .) | sa cayam yajamana- sisyena madhyama patrena prayojitatvat suddhah | - 82 n - 1. yajamana &c. - (Raghuvamsha XVIII 12 ) - A regular performer of sacrifice. yajate iti yaj jnanan [ "puna yajoh sanan " - 3.2 128. ] or [ sanac by 3 2 124. ] = yajamanah | - sas + kyap karmani [ 'eti stu sas-vr ' - 3. 1. 109. ] = sisyah | [ 'a' 'i' by 'sas-id- ana - haloh ', - 6. 4. 34), and 'sa' = 'sa' by 'sasi vasi ghasinanca ' - 8. 3. 19. J Cf. 'tata pravisati bharata - sisyah ' - Vikramorvasiya III. For 'sisyah 's duty - vide Manu-Samhita II. 176. kusanabaya - The pupil soliloquizes while gathering Kusa. This makes the remarks more natural than when he enters Kusa in hand and delivers speech and walks away in the formal theatrical manner. 2. nirupaplavani - - upaplava - Obstruction, calamity. Parsvabhyudayam&Meghaduta 17; Raghuvamsha II. 48 ; Kumara-sambhava V. 61; IV. 49 : pravistamatre Cf. 'vana . matrena ' - Act. II ; " drstamatrasya " - Ibid. "viddhamatra " - Raghuvamsha V.57. 3. hunkarena - hum + karah = hunkarah ['varnat karah -- Varttika 3. 3. 108.] Read -
82 NOTES ] trtiyo'nkah 221 "akarah, kakarah, **hunkarah - 'kara pratyayasya dhatoh avihitatve'pi adhikara- balat krtsamjna | tena krt-pratyayantatvat pratipadikatvam, prayojanabhavat ka-karasya na itsamjna ' | - Prabha. 'hunkara ' is any sound of defiance. Cf. "anuhunka ुrute dhanadhvani na hi gomayurutani kesari " - Shishupala-badha XVI. 25. "hunkaragarbhah dvisatam sirobhih - Raghuvamsha VII. 58; Kumara-sambhava V. 54. Here, however, the 'bow' is compared to 'Rudra' and the 'jyasabdah ' to 'hunkara ' of Rudra. Kali. elsewhere in Kumara-sambhava II. 26, refers to Rudra's making 'hunkara ' | Cf. - - " avajita - jata mauli-vilambisasikotayah | rudranamapi murdhanah ksata- hunkara- samsinah " || ' pratisabdohi hareh hinasti nagan ' Vik I. 'hunkarena tam varayati - Prabodha-Candrodaya II. 4. vyapohati - ( dispels) - Uttara-rama-Charita II. 19. bi + apa + uha ू + lat + ti, opticnally Atmp by " upasargasyatyuhyoh veti vacyam ' - ( Varttika 2701 ). But here the king removes obstacles, the benefit of which is enjoyed by the sages, so Parasmaipada 'duhkhani apohati ' - Uttara-rama-Charita II 19 5. rtvigbhyah - rto rtau yajati iti rtu + yaj + kvin [" rtvik dadhrk srag " - &c. 3. 2. 59] = rtvik ( nipatane ) --One sacrificing at prescribed times. " agnaghadheyam pakayajnan agni- stomadikan makhan | yah karoti vrto yasya sa tasyatvig ihocyate " || || Manu-Samhita II, 143. 6. ka katha- &c. - The question of putting arrow to the bow does not arise at all, mere twang of his bow from afar is sufficient for the expulsion of the demons. akasa This stage direction is used when there is only one actor present in the stage who gesticulates to see some one outside, to whom he puts some questions and simulates to hear something in reply which he repeats for the sake of the audience by asking the question- "ki bravisi " - &c. (Com). This is used for the avoidance of unnecessary introduction of a new character srutimabhiniya -- 'tacca pasrva''natena sirasa stabdhena natrena | tallaksanam tu - 'pasvasyabhimukham yattu tatpasrva''natamucyate | " prayojya- makarnanadi pavasthasyavalokane | yattu syaniscalaputam stabdhanetram pracaksate " || R. 7. usira &c. - usira (Andropogon muricatum, Cuscus)-is a kind of fragrant grass root () renowned for its cooling properties and is used in India in trellis for cooling the air; 21
222 abhijnanasakuntalam [82 NOTES For the Mricchakatika X. 23; Kalpa. P. 124; 'phalini - lodhra * * sevyam usiram " - Cs. Read Naisadha-Carita IV. 121-116 for treatment with soothing properties of mrnala, Cf. - * * * 'sitambusitalata raisca sayana- mevam haraih mrnala-valayaih avala sprseyuh - Susruta-Samhita, also Rat. II. atapa langhanat From an attack of the sun, or moving in the sun-(Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha). 'TI upavase syat kramane plavane'pi ca - Medini. Vide (243 n. 1), 0nirvapanaya - for refrigerating; . fa-Raghuvamsha III. II: Raghuvamsha XII. 63; XIX. 56; Sakuntala III. 13; (15 n. 1). 8. - (R)-is sreyaskamo na 5 . ucchu rejected for a disciple should not utter the name of his preceptor. Cf. --'atmanama gurornama namati krpanasya ca | grhniyat jyesthaputra- kalatrayo ' iti karmalocanam | (16 n. 2). sitat -- uta | svas vata bhave - 'breath, the very life - Apte. The very breath of his nostrils-M. Cf. "The breath of our nostrils, the anointed of the Lord, was taken"-Lam. IV. fi 'uccha sitam ma kumarasya ' - Harshacharita I. 17. "asannapanigrahaneti pitrorumavisesi fadi a"-Kumara-sambhava VII. 4; "I say, my daughter is my flesh and blood"-Merchant of Venice. III. 1. - fai-Shishupala-badha evil-averting IV. 10; Vairagya-Sataka III. 16. 10. -is the holy water of the sacrifice like the 'eau benite' of the Roman Catholics. This sentence has been very cleverly put in the mouth of the disciple to serve an important purpose, for which vide' get aroun meat" &c. at the close of this Act- - gautamihaste - For saptami vide - ( 81 n. 3). visarjayisyami - vi +srj ordinarily means 'to send', 'to despatch'. Cf. A gat caa visrstah ' -- Raghuvamsha V. 39. Hence svarthe jin | Cf. " visarjayamasa tada vibhisa- *"-Ram. VI. 10. 29; 36, 22. 11. f:-Prelude. "Explication"-Dr. Hall. It is a dialogue or a monologue carried on between characters other than the chief ones, which connects the preceding Act with the subsequent one by informing the audience of what has occurred in the interim, either by direct statement Unlike pravesaka OI by indirect suggestions: (Vide Act VI), it may occur even at the beginning of the First
82 NOTES) trtiyo'nkah 223 Act. It is 'suddha ' when carried on by one or more minor ( madhyama ) characters in Skt. in high tone, and 'samnkirna ' when carried on by characters minor as well as low ( nica ) in Prakrta in low tone. Here it is It informs us that the king, true to his promise, went to the penance-grove and drove away the fiends; and his lady love Sakuntala also like his ownself was suffering from lovesickness. The word is from 'skambhu ' ( 10 bind together ). i.e. compressing an account in a short space. "viskambhate prajarista, viskamnati parodayam| viskabhnoti parodyogam tapah sauryavalena yah - Kavi-Rahasya 81; (189 n. 8). arya 5 Text : - ( tata pravisati kamayana ' uvastho raja ) raja (nisvasya sya ) -- jane tapaso viyam sa bala paravatiti me viditam | [12, 18, 12. 15] alamasmi tato hrdayam tathapi nevam nivartayitum || 2 || (Enter the king in the air of one l in lovel) King ( Sighing )-I know the potency of penance and I do know that that girl has a master. And yet I cannot turn away (my ) heart from her, (2) V. L - 'kamayana ' - Rs Com ; V. 'samadana '-- B. M. 'kamayamana ' R. S.; Last line as na ca nimnadiva - B. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha P. - ' salilam nivartate me tato hrdayam ' tata iti | 'kamayanasya ' sanjata- manmathasya 'avastha ' iva avastha yasya tadrsah | jana iti | 'tapasah virya ' sakti 'jane ' (116|76 ) kruddhah santah tapah prabhavena rsayah dosinam mam dagdhu samarthah, tanme viditam asti | atah sakuntala balat grahaniya na bhavati iti bhava | sa vala ' sakuntala ( ' prakranta - prasiddha'nubhutarthesu yacchandah tacchadam napeksane ') 'paravati ' paradhina 'iti me viditam ('ktasya ca vartamane ' iti kartari sasthi, (2|3|67 3|2|188 ), yadva 'me ' iti 'maya ' ityarthe abhyayam | etat prak vyakhyatam ) | atah pitari ananumodite nodvahya | evam cet asyam anuragana alam iti vitarkayan aha 'tathapi ' abhilasa-siddhih durapa iti janannapi 'idam ' 'hrdayam ' kartr | 'tatah ' sakuntalayah ("varanarthanamipsitah ' (1|4|27 iti pancami ) 'nivartayitum ' (2|3|66 ) paravartayitum 'alam ' samarthah ('ala bhusana-paryapti-sakti- varana-vacakam ' iti vaijayanti ) 'na asmi ' | (atra aprastutaprasamsa | vedana-kriyayah hrdaya- nivartana-kriyayasca visesah
224 abhijnana- sakuntalam [83 NOTES tadabhasastu rati- svabhavyat | srutivatyanuprasau | arya jatih | purvardhe prakrama- bhanga-dosah ) || 2 || - 83 n. -- 1. kamayana - - ( Cf. 'kamayanamiva striyah -- Ram. II. 100.23. - 'kamanam kamayayana kamukam - Rama) - Libidinous ( Also 56 n. 5. end ). Kali., ( who is certainly anterior to asvaghosa ) out of his fondness for Vedic Grammar has used it elsewhere- 'rajayaksmaparihanigayayi, - kamayana - samavasthaya tulam -- Raghuvamsha XTX. 50. This is a Vedic form, for kam ' takes 'gina ' svarthe by 'kamenina - 3.1.30 and 'sanac ' comes next and the form expected in bhasa is 'kamayamana ' Ct. [ 'tamalikam kamayamana suka ' - Kad. p. 718; 'itihasanibandhesu kamayamananam &c. - before 89 n, infra ] by "anemuk " - 7. 2.82- 'akaranta sabdat paravartinah ana-pratyayat purva makaragamo bhavati | " - Prabha. But 'mumagama ' is barred by "sarve vidhayah chandasi vaikalpikah ' -Bhattoji Diksita Mallinatha following Vamana remarks : - kamayate visayan icchati kamayanah | kame pinalat sanac | anityam agama-sasana miti mumagama-bhava'bhavah | etadevabhipretya uktam vamanenapi - 'kamayanah sabdah siddhah anavisva Kavyalankara-Sutra-vrtti V. 2. 83. 2. jane -- 'anupasargat ja : ' - " ( 1. 3. 76 ) iti atmana V. 2. 83. 2. 5 padam | 'pararthe ' gam janati - Prabha. "anupasargat kim ? 'anujanihi nah uthajagamanaya ' - (Act I. supra ). 'katha tahi 'ithyam nrpah purvamavaluloce tato'nujajne gamanam sutasya - (BK 1 23) ? atra karmani lit nrpena iti viparinamah " - Bhattoji Diksita bala0 - A girl aged 16. bala, trimsata tayani mamta Read "asoda़sad bhavet panca pancasata praudha, bhavet vrddha tatah param || - Ratimanjari. 3. nivartayitum - nivrt + nic + tumun by 'paryaptavacanesu alamarthesu " - ( 3.466) 4. paravati - ( 70 n, 2) ; " etasmi- natikrame paravatiyam " - Mala. III: Ram. III 18.9. Text : - ( madana - vadham nirupya ) bhagavan kusumayudha ! tvaya candramasa ca visvasaniyabhyamatisandhiyate ' kami-sartha . ' | kutah - malini taba kusuma saratvam sita- rasmitvamindor 13 -- dvayamivamayathartha drsyate madvidhesu | ( nanamayaya ) visrjati hima- garbharagnimindumamyusams ' svamapi kusuma-vanan vajra-sari- karosi ' ||3||
83 NOTES ] trtiyo'nkah 225 (Gesticulating pangs of love) Almighty god of flowery shafts! the whole guild2 of lovers are being overreached' by thee and the moon, who are ( apparently) deserving of confidence. For --Your flowery shafts and the cold rays of the moon, both appear untrues for (men) in my plight. The moon with forst-wombed beams discharge fire, and you also make your flowery shafts, hard as adamant l. (3) | - madaneti | 'madanena ' kamadevena krtam 'badham ' pida़ाm 'nirupya ' arthat lolitena sirasa, dolena hastakena, sunyaya drstaya abhiniya | 'kusumayudha ' kandarpa ! ( tatha- coktam darpanakarena - "maurvi rolambamala dhanuratha visikhah kosumah puspaketoh ), 'tvaya candramasa ' candrena ca 'visvasaniyabhyam visvasa-sthanabhyam ' ayudhanam kusuma - ghatitatvat, rasminam sitalatvacca || 'kaminam sarthah ' samuhah ( " sarthah vaniksamuha syat api samghata matrake " iti medini ') 'atisandhiyate ' prataryate 'vancanancati - sandhanam vyalikanca prataranam ' iti hemacandrah ) | taveti | 'tava ' prakaranat kamadevasya 'kusumani ' eva 'sarah ' yasya tasya bhavastat | ' indoh ' - candrasya 'sita ' himah santiprada iti yavat ( ' vetase bahuvare na gune sitam hime trisu ' iti rabhasah ') 'rasmayah ' kiranah yasya tasya bhavastat | saranam sauku- mayam, rasminam sitalatvam 'idam ' dvayam ' ubhayam madvisesu virahisu ityarthah (atra mayi visese prastute samanyasya ukteh aprastutaprasamsa ) na yathartham 'ayavartha viparitartham mithyabhutam iti bhavah, (vivaddharthah atra nam | tatha coktam- " tatsadrsyam abhavasca tadanyatvam tadalpata | aprasastyam virosasca narthah bat prakirtitah " ) | ' drsyate ' anumiyate ityarthah | taddhetumaha | 'induh himam ' tuhinam 'garbhe ' yesam teh 'himagarbhah ' sitalaih 'mayukheh ' kiranah 'agni visrjati ' varsati ( guna-dravyayoh virodhah ) | ' tvamapi kusuma - vanan 'vajrasya sarah ' sthiramsah imva 'sarah yesam te 'vajrasarah ' avajjrasaran vajrasaran iva karosi drdha़ीkarosi ityarthah | ( atra ayathartham prati parardhavakyarthadvayasya hetutvat vakyartha- hetukam kavyalingam rupakopama | vipralambhasvabhavyat abhasatvam iti virodhabhasalankarah | kusumesu yadvanatvamaropitam tadviraha-duhkhadatvena prakrtopayogiti parinamasca | siddhantavagigamate vivamalankarasca | cheka- vrsyanuprasau | atra gunatipata-nama natya- laksanamupaksiptam - " gunatipatah karya yadviparitam gunan prati " iti darpana - laksanat | malinivrttam ) ||3|| |
226 abhijnana- sakuntalam 84 n. - 1. atisandhiyate ati + sam +dha means - (Com. ). Cf. 'paratisandhanamadhiyate ' &c. - (177 n. 4). --- 'to [ 84 NOTES deceive' kami - sarthah - (Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha) is preferable to 'kami - jana - sarthah ' which is tautologous. Cf. " kavi-sarthah " - Kavyadarsa I. 100 visvasaniyabhyam - 'kva ca te visvasaniyamayudham " -Mala. III. 2. 2. kusuma saratvam - According to poetic convention, the arrows of Cupid consist of five flowers (Com. ). Read "panca- puspa- yudhah yogi puspa - kodandamanditah || harsanam rocanakhyam va mohanam sosanam tatha | maranaceti samjnabhirmuni mohakaranyapi " || - Kalika Purana. II; "aravinda masokanca srutanca navamallika | nilotpalanca pancate pancavanasya sayakah " | Also Gita-Govinda X. 14; Prabodha-Candrodaya I. 3; Naisadha-Carita I. 49 ; Kumara-sambhava III. 10. 3. sita- rasmitvam syam + ktah - [3. 4. 'ya' = 'i' by 'dravyamurti- sparsayoh syah " - [6. 1.24.] 1 1 72] - sitah | 'i' = i by [ 'halah ' - 6. 4. 2]. Thus ghrtam ' | (ghanibhutam ) -- "anyatra svanah (samkucitah ) 'sitah sparsah ' but ' sinam vrscikah " - [8. 2. 47.] | 4. anyathartham - Not accurately correct. Here 'na ' is viruddharthavacaka | 5. hima - garbhah &c. - (Cf. 'sukagarbha ' I. 13). It is queer that the king refers to the unbearableness of the moon-light at noon-tide. This is due to his being 'kamarta ' | Cf. " kamarta hi prakrtikrpanascetanacetanesu " - Parsvabhyudayam & Meghaduta I. 5. In Maha-Nataka, 'birahi ramah ' actually mistakes the Moon for the Sun. Cf. 'candamsurujjrmbhate candamso nisih &c. - IV. 22; also "sita- ravimarasi candra katham mantapayasyanala - garbha - mayukhaih " - IV. 23. " candrascandakarayate mrdugatirvato'pi vajrayate, malasuci-kulayate, malayaja - lepah sphulingayate " - IV. 31. For similar idea, Cf. "lokanandakaro'pi candravadane vairayate candramah " &c.-Puspa-bana-vilasa, 8. "sapadi sudhanidhirapi tanute IV. 1 ; V.. 3 ; IX 10; " nandana - vana vatah sikhina iva " - Vikramorvasiya II. "kusumasayanam na pratyagram na candramaricayoh " &c. - Vikramorvasiya III. 9. " tathahi mrna- linyah sisira - kisalayamapi hutasanayate, jyotsna api atapayate " - Kad. P. 802; 'kva ruja hrdayapramathini kva ca te visvasaniyamayudham | mrdutiksna- taram yaducyate tadidam manmatha ! drsyate tvayi || - Mala III. 2 ; 'na santapa- chedo hima- sarasi candramasi va " - Malati-Madhava I. 31 ; Kumara-sambhava V. 55. 6. R notices 'prakrama bhangadosa ' here, for in the first half, the moon is mentioned after 'Cupid', while the order is reversed in the second - " tanudaham " - Gita-Govinda
84 NOTES ] trtiyo'nkah 227 half. "uttarardhe krama prakrama bhangah | virahino rajnah vacanam iti parihartavyah ' R also suggests an amendment. - " tvamiha kusumabanan vajrasarana vidhatse | visrjati saca vahni sitagarbhermayukhaih | iti va pathah | " There is no kathitapada-dosa as repetition of the words has avoided the fault of 'pratiti vyavadhana ' ("indu-sabdanupadanat kathitapada-dosabhavasca bhavati ) | Cf. --" udeti savita tamrah tamra evastameti ca " -- Sahitya-Darpana VIl, where tamra though mentioned twice is not a fault. Cf. the idea of the Sloka with that of Mala. III. 2.--Quoted above. " RemarkB has the following Slokas one before and two after Sloka 2 thus :- ( upajati ) adyapi nunam hara- kopa- vahnistvayi jalatyauvam 'ivamburasau | tvamanyaya manmatha madvidhanam bhasmavasesah kathamitthamusnah || Verily, even, now. the fire of Siva's ire is burning in you, like the submarine' fire in the masses of water (in ocean). How else, O cupid, could you who were reduced to ashes, 3 be so hot to men of my stamp ? anisamapi makara - keturmanaso vaja ' mavaha ' abhimato ' me | yadi madirayata - nayana ' tamadhikrtya ' praharatiti || ( mamini ) The Makara (a kind of aquatic animal) --bannered God, though constantly causing2 mental throe1 to my mind might be acceptable to me, in as much as he smites me apropos of that damsel with fascinating wide eyes. vrcaiva samkalpa - sataira 'janamananga ! nito'si maya vivrddhim ' | ( upajati ) akrsya capam sravano-pakanthe mayyeva ( yuktam ) yuktastava vanamoksah || In vain, O Cupid, (body-less one) you have2 been fostered by me with hundreds of desires.1 It behoves you to hurl (your) arrows at me, by drawing your bow up to the ear. N.B. All these Slokas have rightly been suspected to be spurious. Text :- (sakheda parikramya ) | kva nu khalu samsthite ' karmani savassyairanujnatah ' khinna ' matmanam vinodayami || ( nisvasya ) | na ca priya darsanavrte saranamanyat |
228 abhijnana- sakuntalam [ 84 NOTES yavadenamanvisyami | ( surya mavalokya ) | imamugratapa-velam prayena lata- valayavatsu malini-siresu sa-sakhi-jana sakuntala gamayati | tatraiva tavad gacchami ( parikramyavalokya ca ) | anaya bala-padapa-bicya ' sutanuraciram gateti tarkayami | kutah - [arya 12, 18 sammilanti na tavadbandhana- kosa ' staya'vacitapuspah | 12, 15] ksira- snigdha svami drsyante kisalaya- cchedah ' ||4|| (Pacing aejectedly) The sacrifice being1 over, dismissed2 by the ( assembled) priests, where shall I possibly soothe my distressed s self ? (Sighing) What else but a sight of (my) darling is my recourse ? I will seek her. (Glancing at the sun ). This extremely sultry hour Sakuntala usually passes with her friends in the creeper-bowered banks of Malini. I will just go there. (Turning round and looking) Methinks the fair-figured (maiden) has passed by this corridor3 of young trees3 not long ago. For-The sheaths of (blossom)-stems whence flowers have been culled by her, are not yet closed, and yonder fragments 8 of (tender) leaflets are seen (still) unctuous with milky saps. (4) V. I. - 'sinamatmanam ' - B. 'srama- klantam ' - R. M. V. S. 'na ca priya -darsanat ' - B.. 'kim nu khalu priya- darsanat ' - R. V. M. S. 'anaya &c. and the following Sl. occurs in B.M. Ryder, but omitted by R.V. S. kveti | 'samsthite ' avasite nistham gate iti yavat ( " samsthapyavastha- pranidhi- samaptakara -mrtyusu " iti vaijayanti ') 'sadasyah ' ['tatra sadhuh ' (4|4|98 ) iti yat ] vidhijneh tapasah ('sadasyah vidhi- darsinah ' ityamarah ) 'anujnatah ' yagasya nistham gatatvat visramaya samadistah 'khinnam ' khedapraptam | 'vinodayami ' vinodena kautukena klesam apaharami iti bhavah | 'rte ' vina | ( 'prthak vina'ntarena-tem hiruna, nana ca varjane ' ityamarah ) 'anyat saranam ' asrayah | " (tatah pravisati - " ityadina etadantena 'udvegah ' nama pancamavastha sucita | tallaksanam tu 'manasah kampa udvegah ' iti ) | 'prayena ' bahulyena na tu sarvada ('prayasca-nasane mrtyau prayo bahulya-tulyayoh ' iti visvah ) 'latanam valayani vestanani nikunjani
85 NOTES ] trtiyo'nkah 229 iti bhavah | tani santi yesam tadrsesu lata - kunja sanayesu, anena saityatisayo vyajyate | 'tiresu ' tira-sthitesu | ( ekana-vasthanat bahuvacana - nirdesah | "bhadra krsna catudasyam yavat akramate jalam | tavadgarbha vijaniyat, tadanyata tiramucyate " iti prayascittatattve ) | 'sakhijanena ' anasuya-priyamvadabhyam na 'saha ' 'ugra ' duhsahah 'atapah ' suryakiranah yatra tathavidham 'vela ' samayam gamayati ' yapayati | 'sutanuh ' sundaradeha sakuntala 'anaya bala - padapanam vidhya ' panktya ( " vithi padatktau ca grhange ca rupakantara- vartmanoh ' iti medini ) | yadva 'balapadapa - sanatha vithi ' vartma ( sakaparthivadih ) tatha | ( atra 'vicarom ' nama natyalaksanamupaksi- ptam | 'vicaro yukta vakyaih yadapratyaksartha sadhanam " iti tallaksanat ] | sammi- lantiti | 'taya ' 'taya ' sakuntalaya 'avacitani ' chinnani 'puspani ' kusumani yebhyah tadrsah ' bandhana - kosah ' prasava-bandhana - kopah vrntakosa iti yavat ('vrntam prasava- bandhanam ' ityamarah ) idanimapi 'tavat ' iti sakalye ( ' yavat tavacca, maka- ye sari mane'vadharane ' ityamarah ) 'na sammilanti ' mankoca prapnuvanti | bahupurva sancaye tu sammilanti eva ityasayah | 'ami ' puratah sthitah pallavana 'chedah ' sakalah ( iti meghaduta - tikayam mallinathah | arthat bhumi- patitani khandani ('chebah khando'striyam ' iti trikandasesah ) 'ksirena ' dravena ( iti sabdaratnavali ) arthat prasava-bhanga-pravrtta-niryasena, 'snigdhah ' utta, bahupurva chedena tu ksira-sosanat pallava-cchedasya ruksata eva syadityasayah | [ tulyayogita-samuccayayoh ekasrayanu- pravesarupah sankarah | arya jatih ) || 4 || - - - 85 n. - 1. samsthite &c. - Generally 'samsthita ' means 'dead' "parasu- prapta - pancatva-pareta-preta-samsthitah | mrtapramrtau trisvete " - Amara-Kosa Cf. " tamo nunude sa tu tathaiva samsthita ' - Raghuvamsha VIII. 40. pramadamanu samsthitah ' - Ibid. 72. But here Kali. uses it in the sense of finished, completed'. cf. 'sadyah samtisthate yajnah tathasaucam iti sthitih ' - Manu-Samhita V. 98 ; 'satisthate samaptim eti - Kulluka Bhatta vinovayami - Cf. " ayemam divasasesam ucita- vyapara-vimukhena cetasa kva yapayami " - Mala. III. (200 n. 3 ) . priya- darsanat rte - 'avehi mam pritam rte turangamat ' - -- Raghuvamsha III. 63. 'yuddhat rte ' - Buddhacharita II. 40. prayena - Generally. (Parsvabhyudayam&Meghaduta 35 ); here it may mean "in all probability' 2. sasakhi - jana - jana - here has a collective Cf. 'jnati-jana ' ( 137 n. 1). bala-padapa-vicya vithi (or vithi ) means 'road' (Kiratarjuniya VII. 17 ) or 'row' (Com.) Hence, either sense. -
230 abhijnana-sakuntalam - [ 85 NOTES I (i) by the road decorated with young trees, or (ii) by the row of young trees i.e., the road having row &c. [by Transference of Epithet ]. sutanuh - ( 255 n. 1) tarkayami - Cf. ' tatha tarkayami aryayarudha़ya bhavitavyam ' - Mricchakatika VI. Read the whole speech of ceta | 3. sammilanti - To close. Cf. 'upantasammilita - locana ' - Raghuvamsha III. 26 ; XIII. 10. Also 'milanti pratyaham yasya vajivaranasampadah | molanti ripu-narinam mukhapadma vanani ca - Kavi-Rahasya 145. 4. kisalaya-chedah - chedah - A cut or fragment. Cf. 'visa-kisalaya-ccheda - patheyavanta ' - - Parsvabhyudayam&Meghaduta II. 'kantha- ccheda- parampara ' - Raghuvamsha XII. 10; Kumara-sambhava I. 4 ; Malati-Madhava I. 22. Here either ( 1 ) fragments of tender twigs, or (ii) Mutilated tender twigs (bhavanayane dravyanayanam ' - Mallinatha on Kumara-sambhava V. 35). Text : - (samsparsa ' rupayitva ' ) | aho pravata- subhago 'yam uddesah | - arya sakyamaravinda- surabhih kana-vahi malini-taranganam | [12. 18 12, 15] angarananga- taptam raviralamalingitu pavanah ||5|| | ( parikramyavalokya ca ) - hanta ! asmin vetasa-pariksipte lata-mandape sannihitaya sakuntalaya bhavitavyam | tathahi- arya [12, 18 12, 15] 0 abhyunnata ' purastadavagadha़ा jaghana-gauravat ' pascat | dvare'sya pandu-sikate ' pada-padaktinum syate'bhinava || 6 || (Gesticulating the touch of the breeze) Ah! breezy-sweet" is this spot. The lotus-fragrant ' breeze, wafting the ripple-sprays of Malini can be embraced closely by limbs inflamed by the limbless (cupid ). ( 5 ). ( Turning round and observing) In this cane enclosed creeper-arbour, Sakuntala must be close by. For- In the white sand at the door, is seen a fresh row of foot-steps, raised in front and depressed behind, on account of the heaviness of the hips. 8 (6) V. L. -'sakyam ' - V. R. M. S. V. R. M. S. -- aho iti | 'sakyah ' - B. P. Dr. 'aviralam '- 'nirdayam ' -- B. 'sakuntalaya ' - B. S. ' taya ' - R. V. M. 'aho ' iti prasamsayam harse va | - | prakrstah vatah iti 'pravatah '
85 NOTES] trtiyo'nkah 231 | - tena ' subhagah ' sundarah sukhasevya iti yavat | 'uddesah ' bhubhagah | sakyamiti || asmin bhu-bhage 'anangena ' madanena karanah 'taptani ' pida़िtani tadrsaih, 'angah ' (23 ) 18 ) 'aravindah ' padmah ('gavadisu vindeh sajnayam ', (vah - 311|178 ) iti sah | 'se mucadinam ' (7|1/59 ) iti nakaragamah ) | 'surabhih ' sugandhih ' ( anena pranatarpakatvam sucyate ) api ca 'malinyah taranganam urminam 'kanan ' ksudrajala- vinduna ("lava-lesa- kananava " ityamarah ) vahati dharayati iti 'kana - vahi ' sikarai ' samprkta iti bhavah | 'pavana ':' vatah 'aviralam ' drdham yatha tatha 'alingitum 'sprastum 'sakyam ' sakyate ityarthah ( nanu 'saki sahocca ' ( 3|1|99 ) iti karmani yaki krte 'sakyam ' iti rupam | tena saha 'pavanasya ' bhinna-lingasya samanadhikaranyam kuta iti cet | na | mahabhasya-vacanat siddham | " sakyam canena sva-mamsadibhih api sut pratihantum ", apica 'sakyam " canena salimamsadini api vratayitum " iti ) | ( priyadarsanena atma-vinodana - karyam arabhamanasya pavano'pi tatkaryatve sahayena upatta iti samahitalankarah | " karyarambhe sahayaptih " iti tallaksanat | mali- maliti chekanuprasah | srutyanuprasasya tu anena sahaika-vacakanu- pravesalaksanah sankarah | vrtyanuprasasca | pavana alinganena sukhamutpadayati iti samasokti- rapi | alingana - sakyatvasya'sambandhe sambandha - kathanat atisayoktisca | arya- jatih ) ||5|| abhyunateti | 'pandavah ' panduvarnah ('pandustu pita-bhagarthah ketaki - dhuli-samnibha ' iti sabdarnavah ) 'sikata ' valuka ('sikata stri mikatile valukayam tu bhumani ' iti medini | ayam sabdah prayena bahutve, "ekapi sikata tailadane asamartha " iti bhavya-prayogat ekasse'pi kvacit ) yasmin tadrse, 'asya ' vetasa - parivestita-mandapasya 'dvare ' ( tatpravesa- sucanartham dvara-grahanam ) 'purastat padasya agrabhage 'abhyunnata ' agabhira | 'jaghanasya " stri-katyah purobhagasya nitambasya ityarthah ( ' jaghanam syat striya sroni-purobhage katavapi ' iti medini ) 'gauravat ' vaipulyat 'pascat ' padasya pascima bhage arthat gulphapradese 'avagadha़ा ' kincit nimna [ iti svabhavoktih ] 'abhinava ' sadyah krtah suvyakta va 'pada- pana ktih ' pada- cihnavali ('padam sabde ca vakye ca padataccihnayorapi ' iti visvah ) 'drsyate ' (iti pratyaksalankarah | tatha coktam sarasvatikanthabharane "pratyaksam aksajam jnanam " | udahrtam ca " viksyate sma sanakai nava vadhva " iti | anena patha lata - mandapam pravista iti karane vaktavye yat tatkaryarupa-pada-pana kti-varnanam tat paryayoktam | hetusca | 'latamandape sakuntala - sadbhavat anumanalankarah| upa- bhutyanuprasah | 'na ca (priyadarsanat ' ityadina etadantena parisarpo namangamupaksiptam | " istanastanusaranam parisarpasca kathyate " iti darpana- ||5|| manalankarasca |
232 laksanat | abhijnanasakuntalam [ 86 NOTES jnaptirnama nataya-laksananca - 'jnaptih kenacidamsena kincit yatranumiyate ' iti | aryajatih ] ||6|| 86 n. - 1. pravata &c. Cf. Adrian "The air breathes upon us here most sweetly- "Tempest. II. I. sakyam- (also yogyam, yuktam &c. on the authority of the Mahabhashya (See Com. ), differ in gender, or number, or in both from the nouns they qualify. Vamana in Kavyalankara-Sutra-vrtti (V. 2. 23 ) als remarks " sakyam iti rupam vi ( = viruddha ) --linga- vacanasyapi karmabhidhayam samanyopakramat ' || " na caikantika ssamanyopakramah | tena 'sakyah asya manyurbhavata vinetum, ' 'sakya bhanaktu jhatiti visinikamda - vaccandra- padah " ityadayopi bhavati " | Cf. 'drastu sakyamayodhyayam navidvan na ca nastikah ' - Ram. I. 68. 'katha maya vina sita sakyam laksmana jivitum ' -- III. 75, 28; 'tvam katham sakya mupeksitum ' - III. 28 ; 'divakarah alam kartum sakyam ' - Ibid ; 'yuktam namatrabhavatah priyavayasyo'soko'yam vamapadena tada़yitum " - Mala. III ; Padma-Purana I. 37. 19 ; (94 n. 4) ; Ram. III. 4. 7 ; 57. 19 ; V. 3. 24. 'na hi dehabhrta sakya tyaktu karmanyasasatah ' - Gita. XVIII.11 ; 'asya yojanam preksamanabhyam sakyam utkantha vinodayitum - Vikramorvasiya III; 'sakyam ausadhipaternavodayah chetum agra-nakha- samputaih karah- Kumara-sambhava III. 62 ; III. 71; 'sakyam ' anjalibhih patu vatah ketakagandhinah ' - Ram. IV. 28. 8 ; 'vibhutayah sakyam avaptum urjitah Hito ; 'evam hi pranayavati sa sakyam upeksitu kupita -- Malati-Madhava III. 3. 'tata, yuktam asya abhilasah abhinanditum - (94 n. 4); 'sakyah ' (B) is equally correct - Cf. 'sakyah varayitum - jalena hutabhuk ' - Vairagya-Sataka I. 'sakyah asya manyuh bhavata vinetum " - Raghuvamsha 2. 49. "vanaparimalagandhah kena sakyah varitum " - Shishupala-badha XI. 34; Mricchakatika III. 3. "devi ca siddhirapi lamghayituna sakya ' - Ibid. 'asakya ( ekavali ) mocayitum - Vikramorvasiya 1 ; - I C - -- "jano yojayitu na sakyah " -- Buddhacharita 1. 18. (46 n 3); Ram. III. 31. 27; 49, 3957. 19. According to madhava, however, though is intransitive, it is generally used transitively in connection with verb in the infinitive mood. So, according to him, it may be used both transitively or intransitively in connection with a verb in the infinitive mood.
86 NOTES ] The latent significance trtiyo'nkah 233 of this sloka has been fully malingan pavana mama sprgangamangam " expressed in " unmilan mukula Malati-Madhava I. 38. 2. vetasa pariksipte--pari + ksipa means "to encircle" ( with ditches generally ), hence Amara-Kosa has pariksipna tu nivrtam | he parikhadina vestitasya ' - Bhanuji Diksita Cf. 'gangasrotah pariksiptam - Kumara-sambhava 17.38 : 'maharnavapariksepa ' - Raghuvamsha XII. 66; sipraya pariksipta ' - Kai 3. abhyunnata ( raised) &c. - R notices 'varnya kramabhanga ' here, as the king will first see the hind-part of the footprints of Sakuntala, who had entered the bower leaving the foot-prints outside. So 'jaghana - gauravat pascat ava - gadha़ा ' - ( depressed owing to the weight of the hips ) should have been mentioned first. Now read "atra raja -- | tataeva panktau lata - mandapa - dvari na gato'sti | prstha-bhage evasti | drsti patita | padapana ktiraca pravesa - sucika | ataeva purva purobhagasya, pascat pascadbhagasya varnanam iti varna krama bhangah nasankaniyah " -- R. 4. avagadha़ा (depressed) jaghana-gauravat - Largeness of the hips is a good sign. Cf. 'mani subhado nitambasca guruh subha . ' - -Garuda-purana 'sroni-bharat alamagamana &c. Parsvabhyudayam&Meghaduta II.19 ; "guru jaghana bharena mandayataya . " - K.M.580), pasnannata guru - nitambataya tato'syah drsyate carupada-pana kti- ralaktakanka - Jh. IV. 6 ; Kumara-sambhava I. 35. Hence a lovely lady is called 'nitambini ' (Cf. Latin Callipyge-the famous statue of Venus).---(57 n. 2). • Text : --- yavat vitapantarenavalokayami | ( parikramya tatha krtva maharsam ) | aye ! labdham netra nirvanam ' | esa me manoratha - priyatama sakusuma''starana- silapatta madhisayana sakhibhyamupasyate | bhavatu | srosyami asam visrambha- kathitani || ( iti vilokayan sthitah ) | I will just peep through the interstices of the boughs. (Turning round and doing the same with transport) Lo! the bliss' of my eyes is obtained. Here is the beloved 2 of my heart,2 reclining on a flower-strewn slab of stone (and) attended3 by two companions. Good, I will listen to their unreserved ' talk. (This said, stands looking at her ) . (tatah pravisati yathokta-vyapara - saha sakhibhyam sakuntala ) ||
234 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 86 NOTES reat (upavijya sasneham ) hala saundale, abi suhaadi de nalini patta-vado [ hala sakuntale, api sukhayate tam nalini -patra - vatah ] | (Enter with her two friends, Sukuntala described as before ). Friends (Fanning her affectonately ) - Dear Sakuntala ! is the wind of the lotus-leaf soothing" to you ? sakuntala -- ( sakhedam ) | ki vimamta mem sahio [ kim vijayato mam sakhyau ) ( sakhyau visadam natayitva paraspara ) | Sakuntala (Wearily ) - What : do yo's tan re, my friends ? (The friends, gesticulating alarm, look e, each other.) raja - balavadasvastha sarira sakuntala drsyate | ( savitarvam ) | tat kimaya- matapa-dosah syat, uta yatha me manasi vartate | King-Seriously ill in body Sakuntala appears to be. (With a guess). Is it then the fault of the sunshine, or (is it) as (it) occ'irs to my mind ? V. L. - ' upasyate ' - B. P. Hs. - B. M. P. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha 'sukhayati ' - Rig-Veda 'anva syate ' - R. V. M. S. 'sukhayate ' 'sukhaya te ' -- S. aye iti | 'aye iti harse ' | 'netrayo nirvanam ' nirvrtih sukham ini yavat ('nirvanam nirvrto mokse vinase gajamajjane ' iti medini ) | 'esa ' sakuntala 'kusumanam astaranena ' uttaracchadena saha vartamanam 'silapatta ' ( 114 /46 ) prastara- pitham ('pattah pesanapasane vranadinanca bandhane | catuspathe ca rajadi- sasanantara - pithayoh ' iti medini ) 'adhisayana ' visramaya sayita 'salibhyam upasyate ' paricaryate ( upasanam asane | susrusayam sarabhyase'pi ' iti hammah ) | 'amam visambha-kathitani visvasa- purnalapan ('bilambhah kelikalahe visvase pranaye vadhe ' iti visvah ) | sakhyaviti | 'te ' tava sambandhe sukhamiva acarati iti 'sukhayate ' kim ? ( 'kartuh kyana, salopasca ' - ( 3|1|11 ; 2665 ) iti kyana ) nittvat atmanepadam ) | ( tatha coktam halayudhena - " sabdadayogam visayah sukhayanti narapadam | sukhayate sriya nityam vidyaya yasca sukhyati " iti | ] 'api ' iti prasne | sakuntaleti | he 'sakhyo ' 'vijayatah ' padmapatra- vatena mam upasyate ' kim ' iti prasnah | ( anena tapa''dhikyam | tena anya visaya'samvedyatvam dhvanitam| anena 'vighutam ' namangam upaksiptam | tathacoktam dhananjayena 'vighutam syadaratih ' iti | ) 'sakhyau visadam ' khedam 'natayitva ' abhiniya (ghutena sirasa visannaya drstya ca iti jneyam ) | rajeti | kim iti vitarke | - -
87 NOTES ] trtiyo'nkah 235 'atapasya dosah ' surya -tapa-janitah vyadhih 'uta ' athava 'yatha me manasi vartate arthat kama-janitah vyadhih yathaham kami-svabhavanurupam sambhavayami | 87 n. - 1. netra - nirvanam - nirvati iti nir +va ( gati-bandhanayoh ) - + kta adife (3. 4. 72.)=fratury, ['farafuntsar -8. 2. 50], when the sense is that of absence of air, the form is 'nirvata ' | Cf. 'nirvatastu gatanile ' - Amara-Kosa 'nirvana ' generally means 'blown out". Cf. 'nirvana- dipe kimu taila-danam ' || 'nirvana - vam radahanah prasamadarinam ' - - Vairagya-Sataka 1. 7. 'sanaih nirvanamapnoti nirindhana ivanalah - Maha : Raghuvamsha XII. 1. Next 'absolute extinction" or "annihilation of individual or worldly existence', which is deemed by the Buddhist to be the Magnum Bonum or the highest felicity Prof. Gloldstucker (Germany) opines that as this meaning was not in vogue at the time of Panini, he must be anterior to Buddha, However fra almost in this very sense occurs in the Gita. Cf. 'sthitva syamantakale'pi brahmanirvanamrcchati - II. 72. of course it is controversial whether the Gita was originally a portion of the Maha. which is certainly anterior to Buddha. For the above sense in Classical Literature, Cf. 'prasakte nirvane hrdayaparitapam bahami kim ? - Mala. III.1 : Shishupala-badha IV. 23 ; Vairagya-Sataka III. 12; Kiratarjuniya XI. 69. Cf. 'netra-nirvanam ' with Bhavabhuti's 'laksmih iyam amrtavatanayanayoh ' &c. - Uttara-rama-Charita 1.39. 2. sakusumastaranam - It has the power of counteracting the effect of heat. 'kusumastaranadinam daha - santikaratvam ah susrutah- " daha - santikaramrddhimatam naranam " - N manoratha - priyatama - Darling of his imagination as she is not yet gained. upasyate - upa + as means 'to attend', 'serve'. Cf. 'udyana -pala samanyamrtava stamupasate KU. II 36 ; 38 ; 3. tatah pravisati &c. - ' pravisati ' arthat darsakanam drstipatham pravisati ' | Sakuntala being indisposed cannot enter the stage walking. So the trio is disclosed by the raising of a curtain concealing them from the view of the audience. sukhayate - (Acts like something agreeable) here formed by (3.1.11),--(Com.)-and not by "sukhadibhyah kartr vedanayam " ( 3. 1. 18) as has been wrongly stated in many editions, or say "sukhaya te " (bhavanti ) ? 4. ki bijayatah &c. - Saks -
236 abhijnana-sakuntalam 87 NOTES ] fever due to love-sickness is so very great that she does not even feel that she is being fanned. Cf. 'nayika - sakhi, mavijaya | usnah khalu esa kadali-dala- marutah ' - Nagananda II. 'makhi, apanaya imani nalini- patrani mrnala - balayani ca alametena, kasmadakarane ayasayasi - Rat. parasparam- (48 n. 9) 5. visadam &c. - ' ya drstih patitapanga vistarita puta-dvaya | nimesinya-sta-tara ca visanna sa visadini - Quoted by R balavat - Vide (89 n. 1). Don't confuse avyaya ( balavat ) with adjective ( balavat, balavan, balavati ) | ( 89 n. 3) Text : - (sabhilasam nirvarnya ) athava krtam sandehena | sikharini stana - nyastosiram prasithila ' - mrnalamka-valayam = priyaya sabadham kimapi kamaniyam vapuridam | ( yamana bhalaga ) samastapah kamam manasija nidagha- prasarayo nam tu grismasyevam subhagamaparaddham yuvatisu ||7|| (Surveying passionately ) Or, away with misgiving- Ineffably fascinating is the indisposed frame of (my ) beloved, with (the unguent of) Vetiver applied to the bosom, and with the single lotus-stalk-bracelet quite loosened.' Granted that the suffering1 (caused by) the (excess) of love and the advance of summer-tide is alike3 with young maidens, nevertheless the injury(R) (caused by) the sultry weather is not so fascinating. (7) V. L. - " sabhilasa nirvarnya ' - B. R. M. S. vicintya ' -- V. 'prasithila ' -M. B. S. 'sithilita ' --- R. V. 'kimapi kamaniya - V. R. - ' tadapi kamaniyam ' - M. BS. -- sabhilasamiti | 'nirvarnya ' drsta ('nirvarnanam tu nidhyanam darsanaloke - ksanam ' ityamarah ) | ' athava ' iti paksantare | 'sandehena ' ayamatapadosah kama- santapo va iti samsayena 'krtam ' alam | ( ' krtam iti nisedha-nivaranayo .' iti vardhamanah ) vaksyamana- sloke tadeva visadayati | staneti | 'priyayah ' sakuntalayah 'a' samantat 'badhaya ' piड़ya 'saha ' vartamanam, kataram ityarthah ( 'pida़ा badha vyatha ' ityamarah | ana piड़ाyah sarvanga - gatatvam vyajyate ) | asmadeva hetoh 'stanayoh ' 'nyastam ' aropitam ' tapopasamartham dattam ('ahitam nihitam nyastam aropitamiti smrtam ' iti halayudhah ) 'usiram ' virana-mulanulepanam yasmin
88 NOTES ] trtiyo'nkah 237 tadrsam | 'prasithilam ' tapadhikyat visosanena ativa slatham 'mrnalasya eka ' kevalam 'valayam ' yasmin tathoktam ( ekamityanena valayantara'sahatva dhvanyate ) 'ida ' puratah paridrsyamanam 'vapuh ' dehah 'kimapi ' lokottara - camatkari 'kamaniyam ' kanti- mayam | 'yuvatisu ' tarunisu visaye 'manasija ' kamah 'nidaghah ' grismah ('nivadhah grismakale syat usna - sveda'mbunorapi ' iti medini ) tayoh 'prasari ' adhikye tayoh ('dvandvante sruyamana-sabdah pratyekamabhisambadhyate ' iti nyayat prasarasya ubhayena saha anvaya ' iti vidyambudhipadah ) 'tapa ' santapah 'sama ' tulyah kamam ' iti svikartavyam ('akaman mati kamam asuyopagamepi ca ' iti rudra ) | ' grismasya aparaddham ' santapa-janana-paradhah ('krdabhihito bhavo dravyavat prakasate ' iti nvayat ) 'tu ' iti bhede | 'eva subhagam ' sundaram | 'na tu ' na eva ; 'tu ' iti avadharane | ( " tu padapurane bhede samuccaye'vadharane | paksantare viyoge ca prasasayam vinigrahe " iti medini ) | ( vyatirekalankarah | | samuccayalankarasca bahutara-karano-panyasat | stasto iti kima kameti cheka-vrtti srutyanuprasah | 'yuvatisu ' iti samanyanirdesat aprastutaprasamsa | susthatadi-rupa karanabhave'pi ramaniyata - rupa-karyotpatteh vibhavanalankara . | athaca savadhatva-rupa-karanam satyapi kurupatva-rupa- karyanutpatteh visesoktih | anayoh sandeha- samkarah | anumanam nama sandhyangamidam -- "angaruhonumanam " iti tallaksanat | sikharini vrttam ) ||7|| | 88 n.-1. krtam =alam - (No need of ). Cf. 'krtamaviskrta- paurusarbhujaih Shishupala-badha II. 17. pra-sithila 'pra ' is intensive. Bracelets are generally slack and owing to excessive emaciation and langour of her person, Sakuntala's lotus-stalk - bracelet has become extremely lax. 2. sabadham - ' badhu ' is Atmanepada Cf. 'ksanam visramyatam jalma ! skandhe yadi te ' baghati | na badhatetatha skandhah yatha "baghatih " baghate - (attributed to Kali.) 3. kimapi -- These two avyaya s together mean indescribable - Apte’s Sanskrit-English dictionary ; "kopyesa " - Uttara-rama-Charita V. 39 ; "ko'pi hetuh " - Malati-Madhava 1. 27. The reading 'tadapi ' (despite her distress) is not in consonance with the last line, which states that loveliness is aggravated by amatory throe. 4. manasija &c. - prasara (Action, excess) is to be construed both with 'manasija ' and 'nidagha ' (Com.) 5. samastapah- Like heat, 'kama ' also is the case of giddiness, loss of appetite, &c. "tayaca 22
238 abhijnana- sakuntalam [88 NOTES garuड़ puranam | "kamad bhramo'ruci daho hi nidra - dhi dhrti ksayah " - N. 6. aparaddham - bhave ktah | It has been cleverly used in lieu of tapa . as the girl is quite innocent - ( 257 n. 5 ). 7. According to R the last line is faulty, as the word has been substituted for 'nidagha ' of the third line, the presence of which word would not have constituted 'kathitapadatadosa ', [as for example 'udeti savita tamah tamuh eva astameti ca ' - Sahitya-Darpana ] "tena nidaghasyaitadrg yuvatisu na tapastu subhagah " iti pathaniyam | asmin patha sasthi - doso'pi parihatah " - R. yubatisu - (Vide 67 n. 2). Text : -- priyamvada ( janantikam ) - anasuye ! tassa raesino padha़ma- vamsanabo arahia pajjussua via saunbala | kim nu kkhu se tanimito aam atanko bhave ( anasuye ! tasya rajarseh prathama-darsanat arabhya paryutsuka iva sakuntala | kim nu khalu asya stannimittah ayamatanko 'bhavet ) | Priyamvada - ( Aside) Anasuya, Sakuntala appears to have been (somewhat) troubled since her first interview with the king. May it be that this affliction1 of hers is on his account ? anasuya -- sahi, mama bi erisi asanka hiaassa | bhavatu | hovu | pucchissam bava nam praksyami tavadenam ) | balavam klu ve sanvabo (sakhi, ( sakhi, mamapi idrsi asanka ' hrdayasya | (prakasam ) sahi, puchidavasi kimpi | pucchivavasi kimpi | prastavyasi kimapi | balavan khalu te santapah ) | Anasuya- Friend, my mind, too, (has) a similar suspicion: 1 Very well, I will ask her (at once ). ( Aloud) Friend, you are to be asked something. Your indisposition (is) really (very) serious. sakuntala -- (purvardhena sayanadutthaya ) -- hala, kim vatukama'si (hala, kim vaktukama'si ) | Sakuntala (With the fore-part of her body, rising from the couch)--- Dear, what d'you wish to speak ? anasuya --hala sauncale, agagbhantara klu amhe mavana-gabassa busantatsa | kintu javisi itihasa- nibandhesu kamaamananam samavattha suniavi tabisi de pekkhami | kahehi kinnimittam ve sanvabo (hala sakuntale, anabhyantarah khalu vayam madana - gatasya vrttantasya | kintu yadrsi itihasa - nibandhesu kamayamanana ' samavastha sruyate tadrsim te prekse | kathaya ki nimitta te santapah ) | bimaram
89 NOTES ] trtiyo'juh 239 kyuparamatthavo ajajia anarambho paड़िaralsa (vikaram kkhu paramarthatah ajnatva anarambhah pratikarasya ) | Anasuya Dear Sakuntala, we are indeed strangers to the affairs of love. But yours, I suspect is the same (pitiable) condition, as is heard of love-sicks (persons) in historical stories. Tell us from what proceeds your fever? Without tracing the disease to its real nature, there is surely no applying a remedy. V. L. - paryutsuka ' - B. R. MV 'paryutsukamana apanna ' - S. 'sayana- dutthaya ' - B. R. M. "pusya - sayya mudasya " - V. 'anabhyantarah khalu • madana- gatasya ' - R. V. M. S. 'alabdhantarah * te manogatasya '--- B. 'samavastha ' s. 'avastha ' - B. R. V. M. | - priyamvadeti | paryutsuka utkanthita-hrdaya | 'kinu khalu ' iti samasta- padena vitarka - garbha - prasnah aksipyate | prak vyakhyatam | asyah sakuntalayah 'ayam atanka .' rogah ("atanka roga-santapa-gankamu muraja-dhvanau " iti medini ) 'sah ' dusyanta eva 'nimitta ' karanam yasya yasmin va ' tadrsa | anasuyeti | "prastavyasi " (duhaditvat apradhana karmani tavya-pratyayah ) | 'balavan ' prabalah | mahati te sariravadha | asmadeva matprasna''vasyakatvamityasayah | sakuntaleti | 'purvardhana ' sarirasya iti sesah | sayanad utthana tu pida़ा-gopanartham deha-lavanya- prakasanarthancapi | 'vaktum kamah ' iccha yasyah tadrsi ("lumpedavasyamah krtye tukama- manasorapi | iti tumah makaralopah ) | anasuyeti | 'madana - gatasya ' kama- visayakasya vrttantasya ' vartayah 'na abhyantara ' avisayibhuta anabhijnah 'khalu ' iti niscaye | 'itihase ye 'nibandhah ' akhyanadayah tesu, 'kamayamananam ' jata - madananam | 'samavastha ' sthitih 'te ' tavavastham ityarthah 'tadrsi ' tathabhutam 'prekse ' | sarvatha madanadeva te idrsi samavastha jata iti no dharana | 'vikaram ' rogam ("vikaro vikrtau roge'pi " iti visvah ) 'paramarthatah ' svarupatah 'ajnatva pratikarasya ' pratividhanamya arthat cikitsayah 'khalu ' niscitam 'anarambhah ' arambhah na sambhavati | roga tattvatah jnatva eva ausadham vyavahniyate, uktanca, 'vyadhestattvaparijnanam ' iti ; - 89 n. - 1. paryutsuka - Intensely agitated by love. Cf. "paryutsukam kathayati priyadarsanam namati na pasyasi " &c. - Vikramorvasiya II. 16 ; "kala'ksamatvam autsukyam manastapa - jvaradikrt " - Mallinatha on Raghuvamsha V. 67; ( 154 n. 3). 1
240 abhijnana- sakuntalam ( - [ 89 NOTES - 2. atankah -- atanko vadha | " yaksma''tanka -gada-badha sabdah paryaya-vacina . " | a taki ( kuccha jivane - to live in distress) - ghana, bhave or karane (3. 3. 18 ; 121). The affix expected was 'a' by ('gurosca hal 3.3.100), hence ghana is irregular bahulakan ) | ' atankasphurita- kathora - garbha- gurvi ' -- Uttara-rama-Charita 3. balavan khalu &c. - This totally refutes the silly theory that the use of 'balavat ' (1) as an adjective ( balavan- m, balavati - f) is un-Kadasian. Cf. " bhavitavyatajna balavati " -- Vikramorvasiya IX ; 'balavattaram apavadah - Kumara-sambhava II. 27. ' balavan punarmama manaso'bhitapah ' Vikramorvasiya III. 'balavan khala me abhinivesa - Infra. 'sammohah me tada balavan ' - Sakuntala VII. 24 Also Ram. II. 93.5; 'balavanti raksamsi V. 38.53: 'balavat " andhakara -- Mricchakatika I " manah * * balavat " - Gita. VI. 34; 'balavan ' mana - Buddhacharita IV. 97. -manasa balavat duhkham " - Saundara-Nanda of Ashvaghosha XI. 36. 'balavan ' 'indriyagrama ' - Manu-Samhita II. 125 ; 'gamyo nrpi balavata maha ko virodha " Mricchakatika VI 2 'balavada-ri-nivaha-vaksasta 2 - Prabodha-Candrodaya ( prastavana ) | " purvapeksaya uttara- muttara sastra balavattaramityartha | balavacchabdat " "dvivacana - " iti iyasun | "vinmatorluk iti matupo luk | balavatvamiti phalitam -- Balamanorama; Gita. VII. 11.; Read [ 4. 6 ; balavati - 201 n. 8] 4 purvardhana &c. - 'sayanatalat isaduccha sitamurtih - Kad P. 363. vaktukama Cf. ' (43 n. 2). anabhyantara &c. - abhigata antaram - abhyantarah - - Within the pale of ; 'na abhyantarah ' - Not familiar with, ignorant, 'aho prayogabhyantarah prasnikah - Mala II. 'vayam ' refers to the hermit-girls in general. 5. itihasa - nibandhesu - ityevam 'ha' kila (Thus it was in past times ) = itiha - Narration of past events (i.e., Stories and traditions). Cf. 'paramparyopadese syadaitihyam itiha'vyayam " - Amara-Kosa ' itiha ' amte asmin iti itiha + as + ghan ('hlasca ' 3. 3. 121] = itihasah - A book having the narration of past events. Don't say itiha + as ( asti ) +ghana for 'as ' with ghanna, wil be changed into 'bhu ' (2.4.52). Now Cf. 'dharmartha-kama-moksanam upadesa - samanvitam | purvavrttam katha-yuktam itihasam pracaksate " gtd. Nilakantha. 6. samavastha - (S) is the best reading. For this word is a Kalidasian peculiarity, and generally used by Kali. in the sense of 'avastha ' (a pitiable) condition. Cf. 'vallaki samavastham '. - Raghuvamsha VIII.
89 NOTES ] 41. trtiyo'nkah 241 'kamayana - samavasthaya ' - XIX. 50. 'dhe samavasthe ksanadudha़ेm - Mala. IV. 7; 'raja -- nirakarana viklavaya . * samavastham - Sakuntala VI ; ( 137 n. 3). 7. paramarthatah paramarthena, 'tasi ' has the sense of 'karana ' | Cf. "prayoganu- sarena sarvabhyah prakrtibhyah parah sarvasam vibhaktina sthane tasil pratyayo bhavati va '----Prabha. Cf. "mantrohinah svarato varnato va mithyaprayuktah na tamarthamaha " &c. - siksa of Panini. anarambhah -- Raghuvamsha I. 15 ; VIII. 20 " vyadhimicchami te jnatum pratikurya hi tatra vai " - Maha. Text : -- raja - anasuyamapi anugato madiyastarkah | na hi svabhiprayena ' me darsanam | King-Even Anasuya bears me out in my suspicion. My view was not then ( guided ) by my own intention. 1 sakuntala (atmagatam ) - balavam kkhu me ahiniveso | dani bi sahasa evanam na sakkanomi nivevitum [ balavan kkhu me abhinivesa | idanimapi sahasa etayorna saknomi nivedayitum ) | Sakuntala (Aside ) - Mighty, indecd, is my anxiety (to conceal ; or to reveal ). Even (asked by them ). I cannot all of a sudden disclose (it) to them now. priyamvada -sahi, sutta . esa bhanadi | kim attano atankam ubekkhasi | anudiaham kkhu parihiasa angehi | kevalam lavannamai chaya tumam na muncadi ( sakhi, susthu esa bhanati | kimatmana atankamupeksase | anudivasam khalu parihiyase angah | kevalam lavanyamayi chaya tva na muncati ) | Priyamvada - Friend, right well does she say. Why d'you neglect your affliction ? Day by day, indeed, you are getting thinner in limbs, only the glimmering of loveliness leaves you not. V. L. - "anasuyamapi anugato - BR.V. S. 'anasuyayapi avagato 'M. 'na hi svabhiprayena ' &c. Omitted by M & S. 'sakhi susthu - V. 'sakhi sakuntale, susthu ' - R. M. S. 'susthu ' -- B. P. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha - rajeti | 'madiyah tarkah ' asyah vikarah kamaja eva iti samsayah 'anasuyam api anugatah ' anasuya - hrdayam mamupasthita iti bhavah | asmadeva hetoh 'me darsanam ' anumanam 'svasyam '' nijasya 'abhiprayena ' arthat 'kami svatam pasyati ' iti nyayena 'na hi ' i tyavadharane | sakuntaleti | 'balavan atipravalah 'me abhinivesah 'akathane agrahatisayah | lajjaya vyadhi-karanam gopayitumicchami | 'idanimapi sakhibhyam
242 abhijnanasakuntalam [90 NOTES prsta piड़ाhetuh avasyavaktavyah, tathapi iti aperarthah | yaha 'balavan ' sakhibhyam kathane 'me abhinivesah ' ' idanimapi ' adhuna sakhibhyam prstaham atah ayameva samu- citavasarah prakasayitum, tathapi lajjaya vaktumasamarthasmi iti bhavah | priyam- babeti | 'atankam ' rogam (" atanko roga-samtapa - sankasu muraja-dhvanau " iti medini ) 'kim upeksase ' pratividhatum na yatase | 'anudivasa khalu ' pratidinameva (vipsarthe'vyayibhavah ) 'angah pari- hiyase ' kramasah ksiyamanangi bhavasi | purvam svabhavatah eva krsa, adhuna tato'piti bhavah ( jahateh karmani prayogah, karma-kartari va ) 'kevalam lavanyamayi ' lavanyapurna ( ' tat prakrta-vacane mayat - ( 514 | 21 ) iti pracuryarthe mayat ) 'chaya ' kantih ('chaya suryapriya kantih prativimbamanatapah ' ityamarah ) 'tvam na muncati ' svabhava- sundaratvat iti bhavah | - 90 n. - 1. balavan - ( 89 n. 3). me abhinivesah - Either to conceal or to reveal. (Com.), - ' samsitum tu hrdayena tatvare ' - Kumara-sambhava VIII. 10. - etayoh -- ( 4 n. 3). 2. lavanyamayi -- mayat implies 'abundance'.- (112 n. 7 ). ( muktaphalesu chayayastaralatvamivantara | pratibhati yadangesu tallavayamihocyate || - ' ujjvalanilamani ', - also Mallinatha on Kumara-sambhava I. 25. 3. chaya - cho + kartari na [ 'sya''d - badha''sru- samsv- atin ava-sa-vaha- lihu - slisa - svasasca ' - 31. 141] 'cho ' is considered akaranta ( 'ad ec upadese'siti ' - 6.1.45 ). Next there is the augment 'ya' - ( ato yuk cinkrtoh ' - 7.3 33 ) or say. 'ma-ccha-sasibhyo yah ' (u - 559). Cf. "tatsmrti matrameva hrdayam lavanya-sesam vapuh " - Maha - Natakam. VI. 15. ma mukhyati Cf. * 'mahamaniriva ksino'pi nalaksyate ' - Act. VI. 6. infra. Text : -- raja -- avitatha ' maha priyamvada | tathahi- 1 sama sama ' kapolamananamurah kathinya-mukta-stanam sardulavikrida़िta madhyah klantatarah ', prakama-vinatavamsau, chavih ' pandura ' | ( masajasatataga ) socya ca priyadarsana ca madana- klisteyamalaksyate patranamiva sosanena ' marata " sprsta lata madhavi ||8|| King --Not untruly spoke Priyamvada. For - Indeed, her face has its cheeks excessively3 (R) emaciated2; her bosom has its breasts relieved of hardness; her waist (has become) thinner3, the shoulders drooping, (and) pallid3 (is her) complexion.* Tortured
90 NOTES ] trtiyo'nkah 243 by love, she appears regrettable, yet sweet to view, like the creeper Madhavi struck by the leafage-drying wind 7. (8) V. L. ' vista ' - R. V. S. M. 'glana ' - B. rajeti | 'avitatham satyam | yastu 'priyam ' vadati, prayena sa na satyam vadati | iyam priyavadapi satyavacana iti virodhah | ( namna virodhabhasah ) | priyavadokteh satyatvam pratipadayitum aha " tayahiti " | tamevartham janihi | " -- ("tathetyagana paripathito dhatu rgatau " iti katantra-parisista- tikayam gopinatha- ("tathetyagana-paripathito padah ) | ksameti | asyah 'ananam ' vadanam 'ksamaksami ' krsatari 'kapolaum ' gandau yasmin tathavidham jatam | 'urah ' vaksahsthalam 'kathinyena ' dana 'muktau stanau ' yatra tathavidham jatam | tapa''dhikyena stana - yugalam slathibhutam ityarthah | 'madhyah katidesah svabhavadeva klantah adhuna 'klantatarah ' satisayam ksinah samvrttah | 'amsi ' skandho 'prakamam ' atyartha 'vinatau ' pranatau vislayau iti yavat ( "vinatah pranate bhugne siksite cabhidheyavat " iti medini ) | 'chavih ' deha - kantih (" sobha kantih dyutischavih " ityamarah ) 'pandura ' viraha-karyat panduvarna jata | ("pandara . rakta pitastu pandurah sukla-pitakah " iti sabdika - narasimhah ) | atah 'madanena klipta ' pida़िta 'iyam ' sakuntala 'patranam ' sosyate anena iti 'sosana ' tena sosakena ( ' karanadhikaranayosca ' - ( 3|3|117 ) - iti karane lyut ) 'maruta ' pascimavayuna 'sprsta ' abhibhuta 'madhavi ' atimuktakah ("vaisakhe madhavah krsne madhavi catimuktake " iti rantidevah ) 'lata iva socya ' socaniya 'priyadarsana ca ' manorama ca ( iti virodhalankarah | ' socya anukamparha iti virobabhasah ) | 'alaksyate ' drsyate | purana-patranam sosanena socya madhavilata yatha vasantika- 'nilena sprsta sati nava- kisalayodgama-hetuna priyadarsana bhavati, tadvat asvasthataya socaniyapi sakuntala madana- klistatvat sobha - visesam dharayati iti bhavah | (priyamvada - vacana - samarthana - karya prati bahu- karano-panyasat samuccayo'lankarah | 'madanena klista ' iti socyatve hetutvenopadanat kavyalingam | upamatrasi | vrttam tu sardulavikriditam | "vaktram ksamakapolayugbhrsamurah " iti, 'klantatarom'sa- yugmamadhikam nabhram chavih ' iti pathitva uddesya pratinirdesa prakramabhangah samadheyah | tena prakama - vi - sabdayoh artha - paunaruktyam, athaca eka vacananta prayogamadhye "amsau " iti dvivacana- prayogarupa bhagnaprakramata dosasca parihrtam | "samsprsta dala-sosagena maruta sa madhaviva priya " iti pathe ina prayoga prakramamah lasabdasyajvaratvam ca parihatam bhavati ||8||
244 *** abhijnanasakuntalam -- [ 91 NOTES 91 a. -- 1. tathahi - ( 12 n. 3.). ksama - ksama &c. - (bhvadi ) + ktah kartari = ksama -- ('ksayo ma: " - 8.2.53 ). Next duplication by 'prakare gunavacanasya ' - ( 8. 1. 12) ; 'sadrsye dyotye gunavacanasya dve sta stacca karmadharayavat patupatuh | patu-sadrsah | isatpaturiti yavat "-Siddhanta-Kaumudi 2147. " sukla suklam rupamiti | sukla -sadrsamityarthah | isacchuklamiti yavat " - Balamanorama According to R, the duplication is meant to intensify the sense. By "karmadharaya-vat uttaresu " - - ( 8. 1. 11.) it is treated as a karmadharaya | Cf. "nikamam ksamangi sarasa- kadali- garbha-subhaga " - Malati-Madhava II. 2. "vapuh- ksama-ksamam vahati ramaniyanca bhavati " - Ibid. III. 9; Sakuntala VII. 12. 2. prakama - vinatau - 'prakama ' & 'vi ' of vi-nata have the same meaning, to avoid tautology vide (Com.). pandura-pandutvam asti asya iti pandu + matvarthe ra ( " naga - pamsu - pandubhyah rah " - Varttika 5. 2. 107 ) = whitish-yellow, pallid-complexion. "sita-pita -samayuktah panduvarnah prakirtitah " iti subhutih | socya - (fit object for sympathy, lamentable )-'' should have been changed into 'ka' by ('ca jo ku, vin nyatoh 7.3.52). 'aji- vrajyosca ' - ( 7.3.60) iti ca -karasyanuktasamuccayarthatvat natra kutvam || Or, 'na kvade - ( 7. 3. 59 ) ityasya 'neti yogavibhagat prthak sutram krtva romancah, socyah ' - Prabha. priyadarsana Cf. the idea with "nava- kisalaya - talpe bakritanga sayana nibhrta-krsa sarira durniriksya'tipanduh | nava vikasita- sandhya - ranjitangi dvitiya- sisira kara kaleva preksaniya babhuva " - tarasasankam, 122 || Kuttanimatam of Damodara Gupta 1025. 3. sosanena - ( Scorching ). makta - mryante anena cina iti mr + uti ('mrgoruti ', u - 94 ) = marut, also maratah (akaranta ) | Cf. " mahatah sparsanah pranah samiro maruto madat " iti vikramadityakosah, vyaड़िsca | Mark the propriety of the word here. 4. lata madhavi A large and beautiful creeper (Goertnera racemosa) bearing white fragrant flowers Cf. " malavikapyesu anubhuta-mukteva malati- mala mlayamana laksyate " - Mala. III. • • Text:- sakutala (nihsvasya ) sahi ! kassa va amnassa kahaissam | hindu aasaittia bani vo bhavissam ( sakhi, kasya va anyasya kathayisyami | kintu ayasayitri ' idanim yuvayoh bhavisyami | ) | Sakuntala (Sighing )-- Friend, to whom else shall I speak it out? But then I shall be the cause of trouble1 to you.
91 NOTES ] trtiyo'juh 245 ume--aro eva pasu nivyanyo| sidvi-jana-samvibhatam hi vuklam sajjna vedanam hobi ( ataeva khalu nirbamndhah | snigdha-jana-samvibhaktam hi duhkham sahyavedanam " bhavati ) | Both - And for this reason, indeed, is our importunity. The pangs of sorrow become endurable when3 shared with loving friends 3. vasantatilaka ( tabhajajagaga ) raja -- prsta janena sama-duhkha-sukhena ' bala neyam na vaksyati manogatamadhi- hetum | drsto vivrtya bahuso'pyanaya satrsnam atrantare sravana-kataratam gato'smi ||9|| King Questioned by persons, who1 equally share her pain and pleasure1, it cannot be that the girl will not speak out the cause of (her) mental throe. Though (full) many a time, gazed at (me) athrist, by her by turning back, I have, at this moment, become nervous' of hearing 2 (her reply). (9) V. L - kintu ayasayitri - B. M. 'ayasayitri ' - R. V. S. 'ataeva ' - B. 'ataeva khalu ' - R. V. M; Somits 'snigdhajana ' from 'snigdha- jana-samvibhaktam ' | 'atrantare ' - R. V. M. S. 'atramtare ' -- B. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha sakuntaleti | kintu idani pida़ा-karanam uktva ityarthah | 'yuvayoh ' [ 'karta '- karmanoh krti ' (2-3-65 ) iti karmani 6sthi ] 'ayasayitri ' klesa- janayitri | manorathasya durlabhatvat iti bhavah | ubhe iti | 'nirbandhah ' parijnane agrahatisayah avayoriti | (yadeva skathane karanatvena nibaddham tadeva kathane hetutvenopattam iti vyaghatalankarah | "sokaryena karya viruddha kriya ca " iti tallaksanat ) | "na duhkham pancabhissaha " iti nyayat, 'duhkham snigdhajane premaspade jane 'samvibhaktam ' samyak vibhajya arpitam sat 'sahya ' bhara - laghavat samgu sakya 'vedana ' yatana yasya tadrsa bhavati bahubhiruhyamanah bhara iva ityasayah ( arthantaranyasah ) | ityantah pratimukhasandhiriti kecit || prsteti | 'iyam bala ' alpavayah sakuntala ' (anena kaitava'nabhijnatvam dhvanyate ) 'duhkham ca sukhanca ' duhkha sukha (pakse duhkhasukhe | 'vipratisiddha- acana'dhikaranavaci ' (2|4|13 ) iti paksikah samaharah ) 'samam ' tulya 'dukha-sukham yasya tena | sakuntalayam sukhitayam ya . sukhi bhavati, duhkhitayam yo duhkhito bhavati ityarthah | tena 'janena ' priyasakhi janana 'drsta ' jijnasita sati 'manogatam '
14 abhijnana- sakuntalam [ 92 NOTES hrdaya-sthitam 'aveh ' manasa-vyathayah (iti paunasvastham | tathacoktamamarena 'pu 'syadhih manasi vyatha ' iti ) | 'hetum na vaksyati ' iti 'na' apitu prakasa- yisyati eva | 'anaya ' sakuntalaya 'bahusah ' bahuvaran [ "vahvalparthat sas karaka danyatarasyam " (514142 ) iti sas-pratyayah ] 'vivrtya ' griva-bhangena paravrtya 'satrsnam drsto'pi ' prathamanka'vasane tapovanam prati gacchantyah asyah anekavaram anuragacihna pratyaksikurvannapi arthat ahamevadhi- hetu - riti niscinvano'pi ahamevadhi-heturiti 'atrantare ' idani 'sravane ' taduttarakarnane 'kataratam ' bhiti 'gato'smi ' kim anu- kula- mananukula va vaksyati iti adhiratam prapto'smi iti bhavah | ( " avire katara " ityamarah ) ( 'sama-duhkha-sukhena ' ityatra hetutvenopattam iti kavyalingam | atra karanabhave'pi katarata-rupa-karyotpatteh vibhavana, athaca sabhilasa- bahutara- darsana- rupa- karane satyapi sakuntalayah avastha nirnaya-rupa-karya'nutpatteh visesoktih | anayoh sandeha- samkarah | nava naveti mata mateti, gata gateti cheka-vrtti - srutya- nuprasah | vasantatilakavrttam ) ||9|| 1. VII | 92 n - 1. kintu ayasayitri &c. - Cf. "The malignancy of my fate might perhaps distemper yours; therefore, I shall crave of your leave that I may bear my evils alone."-Twelfth Night. II. 1. - a+yasu (ksaye ) + nic + trc kartari - ( 3 1 133 ) = ayasayitr | Next nip ('rnebhyah nip - 4. 1. 57.) 2. "ataeva- nirbandhah Occurs in Mala. I. snigdha-ana &c. - KU. 28. For similar idea. Cf. "kasya tavat imam vrttantam nivedya sahya vedanamiva duhkham karisyami " - Priyadarsika. III. 'avedaya mamatmiyam putraduhkham suduhsaham | mayi samkrantametatte yena sahyam bhavisyati " - Nagananda V. 9. "Double grief affects the concealing hearts" - Spencer. "Give sorrow words: the grief that does not speak, whispers the overfraught heart and bids it break". -Macbeth. IV. 3. "Sorrow concealed like an oven stopp'd Doth burn the heart to cinders"-Titus Andronicus. II. 4. "To weep with them that weep doth ease some deal; But sorrow flouted at is double death"-Ibid. III. 1. " tulyadvibhagadiva tanmanobhih duhkhatibharo'pi laghuh sa mene " - Kiratarjuniya III. 33; "janale apanajane manera vedana, vyathita- hrdayam pave aneka sansvama " - Navina Tapasvini IV. 1; V. 9. vedana--
92 NOTES ] trtiyo'nkah - 247 Means 'knowledge'. According to medini, it may mean 'pain also. Cf. 'avedanasam kulisa-ksatanam - Kumara-sambhava I. 20 ; 'pravalamatmakrtena vedanam ' - Raghuvamsha VIII. 40 'samkalpasangamavinodita vedanani ' -- Malati-Madhava VI. 13- 'vedana ' viraha vyatha - iti tatika (Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha). "kasya mata, kasya pita, kasya bhrata sahodarah | kayapranarna sambandhah, ka kasya parivedana || " 3. sama-duhkha-sukhena- Usual form is 'sukha-duhkham ' | Cf. "advaitam sukha-dukhayoranugunam ' - Uttara-rama-Charita 1.39 ; Ram. VI. 124. 9. For the sake of metre, 'duhkha ' has been placed first. Kali. usually writes 'duhkha-sukha ' | Cf. 'sama - dukha-sukhah sakhijanah " - Raghuvamsha VIII. 65. 'sama- duhkha-sukha piyate locanabhyam ' - Vikramorvasiya 1. 'duhkha-sukhayoraca vikriyam ' - Saundara-Nanda of Ashvaghosha III. 19. 4. bala - A girl of 16 years-Raja-ballava ; ( 83 n. 2). 5. manogatamadhi-hetum - Mark the tautology. 'adhi ' means 'mental agony' (Com.). neyam na vaksyati - For the force of two negatives vide (25 n. 4). 6. atrantare &c. - This agonising suspense of the king is quite natural, for uptil now except snigdha- viksita ' (II. 2. Supra), he has had no distinct avowal from her lips and now his fate will be decided by the disclosure of Saka 's cause of agony. Cf. "upasthita priya-samagamasyapi kimi - damatyarthamuttabhyati me manah " - Rat. III. Text : - sakuntala - sahi ! javo pahudi mama vamsana-paham aavo so tabovana- rakkhida raesi - [sakhi, yatah prabhrti mama darsana - pathamagatah sa tapovana - raksita ' rajarsih - 11 (ardhokte lajjam natayati ) | Sakuntala-Friend, ever since that royal sage, the guardian t of the penance-grove, came within the range of my sight - (Gesticulates bashfulness when half-uttered). ubhe- kahetu kahetu piasahi ( kathayatu kathayatu priyasakhi ) | Both -Speak, dear friend, speak. sakuntala - to pahuvi taggavena ahilasena etabavattha mhi samvrtta ( tatah prabhrti tadgatena ' abhilasena etadavasthasmi samvrtta ) | Sakuntala Since then I have been brought to this plight, with my desire having gone to him3.
248 abhijnanasakuntalam raja ( saharsam ) srutam yat srotavyam | arya / smara ' eva tapa-hetu nirvapayita ' sa eva me jatah | [12, 18 12.15] divasa ivan-syama ' stapatyaye jiva-lophasya ||10|| [ 93 NOTES King ( Joyfully ) - I have heard what is worth hearing. Lovel who was, indeed, the cause of (my) agony, has ( now ) himself become my cooler2 ; just as a day, dark3 with clouds3, (becomes both tormentor and comforter) of the living creation towards the close of summer. 1 (10) 'abhu-syamah 'V. L. - " kathayatu &c " - Omitted by R. & V. P.K. B. M. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha 'ardhasyamah ' R. V. S; Only B has yat | - - sakuntaleti | 'yatah prabhrti ' yasmat kalat arabhya ( 'kattikyah prabhrti ' iti bhavya-prayogat 5mi - iti diksitah - 595 ) | 'darsanasya ' drsteh 'pathah ' ('vatah pathasca margasca ' iti trikandasesah ) tam | rajeti | 'srotavyam ' anu- ragasya vyadhi-hetutvam "srutam " | smara iti | 'tapasya ' grismasya ( " grisma usmakah | nidagha usnopagama usna usnagamastapah " ityamarah ) 'atyayah ' antah avasanam iti yavat ("atyayo'tikrame krcche pratyutpate nasa - dandayoh " iti medini ) tasmin varsarambha ityarthah | 'jivalokasya ' prani jatasya 'abhah ' jaladeh 'syamah ' krsnah ("trisu syami harit krsnau syama syata sariva nisa " ityamarah ) 'divasa iva ' jaladavrta - dinamiva ityarthah | 'smarah ' kama 'eva me ' mama dusyantasya 'tapasya ' manasa- santapasya 'hetuh ' karanam (paksa usnataya hetuh ) | 'sa' tadrsah tapakarta smarah, divasasca 'nirvapayita ' santapam usnatanca nirakrtya protipradah 'jata ' samvrttah ( janerakarmakatvat kartari vartamane ktah ) | jalada - jalavrtah divasah yatha vrstah prak naran bhrsam santapayati, tadanantaram sa eva divasah taireva jaladah vrsti karayitva tesam samtapam punah nivartayati | tadvat asyah sakuntalayah ukte prak kamo'pi mam | bhrsam santapayati sma adhuna taduktyanantaram sa eva me pritipradah jatah (ya stapa - hetuh sa eva nirvapayata iti visesabhasah | anena vyaghatalankaro vyangasca | laksanam tuktam prak | siddhantavagisamate virupa- karyotpatti-kathana hetoh visamalankarah | upama, vrttyanuprasasca | arya jatih ) || 10|| 93 n. - 1. darsana-patha &c. --- Cf. ' yasya ne trayoh pathi sthita tvam ' - Vikramorvasiya I. tapa- hetuh - Applicable to both 'abhrasyama-divasah ' and ' sparah ' | A cloudy
93 NOTES ] trtiyo'nkah 249 day produces great heat but it is most oppressive just on the eve of the shower. Similarly Cupid was extremely painful to the king when Sakuntala was just going to make a clean breast of the whole affair. Cf. " tivrah smara-samtapo na tathadi baghate yathasanam tapati pravrsi nitarama- bhyarna-jalagamo divasah " - Rat. (III.10 ) . qtd. K. 2. nirvapayata (7|3|36 ) -After a great shower the cloudy day becomes extremely delightful. Similarly by the declaration of Sakuntala , Cupid gave comfort to the king. "pura navicakrurapam visargat medha nidagha- glapitamivorvim "Raghuvamsha XVI. 38. 3. abhra - syamah - abhu - Cloud In mathematics it means 'zero'. apo vibhata iti ap + bhr +ka (mulavibhujaditvat - 3.2.5.)= abhram | 'abhra ' is the hetu of syamatva | R's ardha syama is not a good reading. According to his view, the day which in the morning is cloudless, produces heat on account of the bright rays of the sun, and when it is clouded in the evening, it becomes delightful. It is evident that his meaning is forced, and unlike ''which is cause of both 'tapa ' and 'nirvana, " 'artha - syamatva ' is the cause of "nirvana " only, and 'ardha ssyamatva ' is the cause of 'tapa ' | Again in this reading the cause of is to be inferred which is not desirable. Kali, elsewhere also speaks of 'abha - syama divasah ' | Cf. "meghasyama diso drstva manasotsuka cetasam " - Vikramorvasiya IV. 14 ; "ayamekapade taya viyogah priyaya copanatah suduhsaho me | nava-varidharo - dayada hobhih bhavi- tavyanca niratapadbhih ramyah "-- Ibid. IV. 3; "mano jahah nidaghante syamabhra divasa iva " - Raghuvamsha X. 83. jivalokasya - Raghuvamsha V. 35 ; Uttara-rama-Charita IV. 17. For something causing opposite results, Cf. 'lavanya - jitamaro rajakumara agadankaro manmathajvarapaharane " - Dk. ( purvapithika ) | KAM. 1033-4. - Text :- sakuntala--tam jaha vo anu bhavam taha vattaha jaha tassa raesino anu- kampanijja homi | asnaha avassam sincaha me ubaam | ( tat yadi yuvayoh anumatam, ' tatha vartayam yatha tasya rajavam anukampaniya bhavami | anyatha avasyam sincatam me udakam ) | 2 Sakuntala - If (that's) approved by you, do so that I may
250 abhijnanasakuntalam [94 NOTES be commiserated by that royal sage. Otherwise, you must needs pour me water. raja - samsaya-cchedi vacanam | King - Doubt severing (is her) word. priyamvada ( janantikam ) -anasue, dura-gaa-mammaha aklama iam kala- haranassa | jasmim baddha-bhava esa, so lalamabhudo pauravanam | ta jatam se mahilaso ahinanvidu ( anasuye, dura- gata- manmatha ' aksama iyam kala-haranasya | yasmin baddha-bhava esa, sa lalamabhutah ' pauravanam | tat yuktamasya abhi- lasah abhinanditum ) | Priyamvada (Aside ) - Anasuya ! far advanced in love, she cannot brook loss of time. He, on whom her affection2 is fixed2, is the top trinkets of the Pauravas. Therefore, her wish deserves to be commended. V. L. -- ' anyathavasyam ' - R. V. M. ' anyatha smaratam mam ' - B. 'atra sincatamidanim - A S omits 'tila ' | 'tilodakam ' - R. 'udakam ' - S. , sakuntaleti | 'yuvayoh anumatam ' dusyantam prati mamedamabhilasa karanam sammata- mityarthah | ( 'ktasya ca vartamane ' [3 | 3|67 ] iti kartari sasthi ) 'tasya rajarseh dusya- ntasya ['krtyanam kartari va ' (2|3|71 ) iti sasthi paksiki ] 'janukampaniya ' daya- patram | ( anena sama- namaka ngamupaksiptam | tallaksanam tu - 'tasyopagamanam, yattu samanam tadudahrtam iti ) | 'anyatha ' yadi sa rajarsih mayi aprasanna bhavet tada 'avasyam me udakam pretaya dasama-divase deyam jalanjali sincatam ' | tena mama'svikare marisyami iti bhavah | ( atra vikalpalankarah | 'virodhe tulyabalayo vikalpaladu timamta " iti tallaksanat ) | priyamvadeti | 'duram gatah ' prasrtah 'manmathah ' dusyantena saha sangamabhilasah yasyah tadrsi | 'baddhabhava ' datta- bhipraya anurakta iti yavat ( " bhavah satta-svabhava'bhipraya- cestatma - janmasu " cestatma-janmasu ityamarah ) 'lalama ' bhusanam 'iva ' iti lalamabhutah iti (asvapada-vigraha-nityasamasah | vistarastu dvitiya drastavyah ) bhusana-svarupa ityarthah | ( "lalamo sstri lalamapi prabhave purusa dhvaje | sresthe bhusa- gunda srnga-puccha-cihna svalingisu " iti yadavah ) 'tat ' tasmadhetoh 'asyah abhilasah ' anuragah 'abhinanditu yuktam ' (samanyo- yakramat napumsakam | " sakyam aravindasurabhih " - ityadinam vyakhyanavasare vistarena uktam ) | | 94. - 1. tatha vartetham &c. - ' tad upayascintyatam yatha saphala - prarthano bhaveyam ' -- Vikramorvasiya II. anyatha - Either if the royal sage takes no
94 NOTES ] trtiyo'nkah 251 compassion on me, or if no steps are taken by you. 2. udakam - In the Ram., water (udaka ) as an offering to the dead is often met with. (Cf. 'kriyatam ubakam pituh - II. 102. 7; 103, 17; 'jala - kriyartham tatasya ' -- 103, 20; 27 ; III. 68.35 ; 1 V. 9.20. 'ajagmuh udakam kartum nadim subhajalam sivam - IV. 25. 51 ), but nowhere 'tilobakam of (R). Kali. also follows suit. Cf. 'diyatam salisya- anjalireka eva no ' - Kumara-sambhava I 37 ; 'paralokopagatam jalanjalim Raghuvamsha VIII. 68 and Mallinatha ; 1.67, pivasityuktam " -- Malati-Madhava IX. 40; • Sakuntala VI. 25; "eko nivapa-salila 'tavadrakta- jalanjalih - Maha- Natakam. II. 9. Also Manu-Samhita III. 214; "ditsan pitrbhyah ambhah " - Saundara-Nanda of Ashvaghosha X.10; 'sa me jalanjalih ' -- Buddhacharita VIII. 80, 'sampadita-pirtu jalakriyah -- Kad. p. 59; Mricchakatika X 17. May be 'tilodakah ' is a later development (Manu-Samhita III. 223). For similar idea- Cf. cita sajja kara saha, kimva jalasayi hai, kata sai viccheda-yantrana | vana dagdha mrgi-praya, manadagdha dagdha-kaya, bali kare kari ki mantrana " - Dasarathi Raya. B's 'anyatha smaratam mam - (* * If not, remember that I was " -- Ry ler) also gives a very good sense 3. samsaya-cchevi vacanam - The king was free from all doubts about Sakuntala 's love towards him when she declared her love for him to her dearest friends (aa: prabhrti tadgatena &c. -- see before ). Hence he uttered 'sruta yat srotavyam ' | All on a sudden a doubt arose in his mind--whether the two friends would approve of her choice. But when she made her friends understand that her death would be inevitable without the king ( anyatha sincatam &c ), the latter was sure about her friends' approval of her choice, and he joyfully uttered. "This declaration removes all doubts about the action of the friends" baddha- bhava-bhava = Love. (Raghuvamsha VI. 36 ; Kumara-sambhava III. 35), 'yasmin baddha- mavasi ' - Vikramorvasiya III; lalama - bhutah - (60 n. 6.) 4. abhilasah yuktam &cFor difference in gender, read (85 n.1 ; 46 n. 3.). abhilasah anuragah --Longing' or 'love'. Vide 'abhilasa mudiritendriyah - Kumara-sambhava IV. 41. and Mallinatha 'abhilasyati sadhunamudayam sarvatodayah | tasyabhilavate sriyam ' - Kavi-Rahasya 225. - - sadhuloko'pi nihsimam
252 abhijnanasakuntalam Text :-- anasuya -- taha jaha bhanasi ( tatha yatha bhanasi ) | Anasuya-- What you say is quite true. [ 94 NOTES priyamvada ( prakasam ) -- yahi, dittia arubo ve ahiniveso | saara ujjhima kahi va mahanai ovarai | ko dani sahaaram antarena avimukta-lavam pallavitam sahedi ( sakhi, distya ' anurupaste abhinivesah ' | sagara mujjhitva kutra va mahanadi avatarati | ka idanim sahakaramantarena ' atimukta-latam pallavitam sahate ) | Priyamvada (Aloud ) - Friend, luckily your attention 2 is worthy (of you), Leaving the sea, whereto shall a great river descend? What now, save3 a mango3 tree, deserves the Jasmin* creeper in (full) foliage ? raja -kimatra citram yavi visakhe sasanka-lekha ' manuvartate | King What wonder here if the twin stars Visakha follow. the hare-specked moon's streak* ? anasuya - ko uga ubao bhave jena avilambiam nihuam a sahie majoraha sampa vemha ( kah punarupayo bhavet yena avilambita nibhrtanca sakhya manoratham sampadayavah ) Anasuya-But what should be the way by which speedily yet secretly (we) may accomplish (our ) friend's desire ? priyamvada -- nihuamti cittanijjam bhave, sigvam ti suaram cintaniyam sighramiti sukaram ) | , ( nibhrtamiti Priyamvada - "Secretly " should need deliberation, "speedily" is easily done. anasuya - karha via ( kathamiva ) ? Anasuya - How possibly ? priyamvada -- so raesi imastim siniddha-vitthie suivahilaso imai viahai pajaara- kiso lakloadi ( natu sa rajarsirasyam snigdha-drstya sunita-bhilasa iman divasan prajagara-krso ' laksyate ) | Priyamvada - Why ! that royal sage (too) with a kind sight betraying his wish for her, appears these days, to be reduced through sleeplessness1. V. L. - 'anurupaste ' - R. V. S. 'anurupo'syah ' - M. 'te ' anurupe ' - B. 'varjayitva ' - V. M. 'ujjhitva ' - R. S. B.
95 NOTES] " trtiyo'nkah 253 priyamvadeti | 'distaya ' bhagyena (trtiyanta-pratirupakamavyayametat | 'distadha samupayosam ca ityanande ' ityamarah ) | 'abhinivesah ' anuragah ityarthah | ksudra-tata- nyadinam nadyantaradisu patana-sabhavanasti ityata aha "mahanadi " | ganga-godavari prabhrtinantu samudra evam ekamatra laksyam | 'anurupah ' yogyah | 'sahakaram ' atisaurabha rasala ( 'sahakarah atimaurabha ' ityamarah ) "antarena " vina 'pallavah ' jata . abhyah iti pallavita | ( ' tadasya sajata tarakadibhyah itac - ( 512133 ) iti itac | anena upabhoga-yogyata sucita ) tadrsim 'atimuktalatam madhavilatam ('ati- muktah pundrakah syat vasanti madhavilata ' ityamarah ) 'sahate sviyatvena parigrhnati ityarthah | ( atra malavrstantalankarah ) | rajeti | 'visakhe ' tannamnyau tarake ( " visakhayosca " ( 1/2/62 3388 ) iti vaidika-sutrena bhasayam dvitvam . " dvivacanarthe ekavacanam va syat vede " iti prabha | tatha ca madhaviye " surpadvi- devasamjna visakhayoh " | amarastu visakheti prayunjano dvivacana- niyamam necchati " iti tattvavodhini ) ' sasanka- lekha ' (candra kalam 'anuvartate ' anugacchatah | sarvatha yuktameva anasuya - priyavadayoh sakuntalaya anuvartanam iti bhava ( atra'prastuta- prasamsa ) | anasuyeti | 'nibhrtam ' anyairajnatam 'manoratha ' manoratha-visayabhutam dusyanta-sangamam 'sampadayava ' vidhasyava . [ vartamana samipye vartamanavadra ' (33 131 ) iti lat ] | priyamvadeti | 'nanu ' iti aksepe ( iti hemacandra ) | 'iman divasan ' sakuntala - darsanat arabhya adya yavat [ 'kaladhvanoratyantasamyoge (21315 ) iti 2ya ] 'snigdha ' snehapurna 'drstih ' avalokana taya, 'asya ' sakunta- layam 'sucitah ' jnapitah 'abhilasah ' anuragah yena yasya va tadrsa | 'prajagarat ' prakarsena jagaranat ( iti halayudhah ) sakuntala - gata- cintaya nidra'bhavat caturthat ka mavasya - visesat 'krsah ' ( 8|2255 ) ksina-sarirah | arthat pancarmi dasam prapta iti 'laksyate ' | atah tasyapi asaktimattvat sighramiti sukaram iti bhavah | 95. - 1. vistagha - An avyaya [strictly the instrumental singular of 'disti ' - Apte [ Cf. Beng. 'agatya ' from agati ] used as an exclamation of joy or congratulation. 'distih anande mane ca ' - H ; Cf. 'distaghamba te kuksigatah parah puman ' - Bhagabata ; 'distadha pratihatam durjata ' -Malati-Madhava IV ; Vairagya-Sataka II. 12 ; ( 125 n. 3.) 2. sagaramujjhitva &c. - CI. 'sasinamupagateyam kaumudi meghamuktam | jalanidhimanurupam jahna -kanyavatirna 'Raghuvamsha VI. 85. 'na kamalakaramujjhitva rajahamsi anyasminnabhiramate - Rat. II. 23
254 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 95 NOTES uggamotti " - Malati-Madhava II 3. "kudo va maho vaha vajjia parijadassa atimukta-latam - Jasmin ( madhavi ) is so called owing to its pearl like whiteness. atikrantah muktam sauklyat, 'atyadaya ' - ( vah 2 2 2 18 ) iti tatpurusah | ' gostriyo - ( 1|3|48 ) iti hrasvah- Bhanuji Diksita Cf. the idea with " parigrhana gate sahakaratam tvamatimukta lata-caritam mayi " - Mala. IV. 12. "latam praphullamatimuktakasya cutasya parsve parirabhya jata " - Saundara-Nanda of Ashvaghosha VII. 8. 4. visale - is the 16 th lunar asterism. It generally refers to two stars. It is dual in, but optionally singular in the Vedas ( Com. ). Cf. 'palyo madhyagatastatra sugrivah plavagesvarah | visakhayormadhyagatah sampurna iva candramah- Ram. Reference is here to two friends. The idea is - Like the two stars 'visakha ' and 'radha ' following the moon, the two friends Anasuya and Prayamvada will act according to the desire of their friend. lekha means a thin line (Kumara-sambhava 1. 47 ; VII. 16 & 87 ; Kiratarjuniya XVI. 2 ; "sasanka-lekha saradabhramadhye " - Saundara-Nanda of Ashvaghosha VI. 37 'sasanka- rekha ' - Kumara-sambhava VII. 8 ; Parsvabhyudayam & Meghaduta 44 ). It is purposely used here to bring out the idea of Sakuntala 's emaciated condition. The word '' with ' at the end becomes feminine, and admirably refers to Sakuntala Cf. 'citralekha - dvitiyam priyasakhimurvasim grhitva visala sahita iva bhagavan soma upasthitah sa rajarsih - Vikramorvasiya I. kimatra citram &c. Cf. 'kimatram citram dharmajna lokanathasikhamane ' &c. -- Ram. VI. 18.36. anuvartate - 'prabhucittameva janah anuvartate ' - Shishupala-badha XIV. 41. nibhutam - ( 11 n. 4 ). 5. prajagara - kusah -- pra + jagr +ghanna bhave = prajagarah - Sleeplessness. No vrddhi (ar ) by 'arutsfa-faq-q 3-fsag'-(7. 3. 85. Vide Prabha. -- P. 505). krsah = (63 n. 4). " Cf. 'bhartuh krsesu angesu 'Mala. III. 'susyati salabhamana bhavatkrte - Kuttanimatam of Damodara Gupta 831. Text : - raja - - ( atmanamalokya ) satya- mitthambhuta evasmi | tathahi- idamasisiram 'rantastapat vivarna-manikrtam ' harigi nisi nisi bhuja-nyasvapanga-pravatibhi ' raghubhih | ( nasamarasalaga ) anabhilulita-jyaghatankam muhurmani bandhanat kanaka valayam vastam srastam maya pratisaryate ||11|| King (Eying himself)-So I have been forsooth. ForThis golden bangle (which3 has) its jewels (now) tarnished3 by (my)
96 NOTES ] trtiyo'nkah 255 tears, hot1 on account of internal throe,2 and trickling down night after night from the corner of (my) eye' placed on my (left) arm, is repeatedly pushed back by me as it slides down from the wrist without 5 touching the callosities caused by the bowstring 5. (11) V. L. - ' pravartibhih ' - M. B. ' prasaribhih " - R. V. --- 'ana tilulita ' - M. B. 'anabhilulita ' - R. V. S. 'prasapibhih " - S. idamiti | 'nisi nisi ' pratiratram [ 'nityavipsayoh ' (8/1/4 ) iti vipsaya dviruktih | anena adya yavat nidrabhavah sucita ]| 'bhuje ' vama karatale (nrpasya daksina- sacitvat jyaghatankah vama-kara-prakosthe eva syat atah vama- karatala-grahanam ) 'nyastah " nihitah sthapitah iti yavat ( " ahitam nihitam nyastam aropitamiti smrtam " iti halayudha . ) ya: 'apanga ' (vama ) - netrantah ("apangastvangahine syat netrante tilake'pi ca ' iti medini ) tasmat 'pravartante ' bahulam nihsaranti yani tadrsaih ('bahulamabhiksnye ' - 312181 - iti ninih ) | 'antastapat ' antargata-madana- santapena hetuna 'asisiraih ' usnaih (anena tapadhikyam vyajyate ) 'asrubhih ' nayana- jalamh 'vigata . vargah ' kantih yesa te 'vivarnah ' tadrsah 'manayah ' yatra tat 'vivarga-mani ', a-vivarna-mani vivarga-mani krtam iti vivarna- mani- krtam ' ( 'abhuta-tadbhave cci . - ( 5|4|50 ) ; 'cvau ca ' - ( 724126 ) iti dirghah ) ' manibandha ' prakostha - panyoh sandhi-sthanam ( ityamaratikayam bharatah | 'mani- bandhah panimulamh ' ityabhidhanaratnamala ) tasmat 'srastam samstam ' varamvaram adhah vigalitam 'idam ' vama-kara- dhrta 'kanakavalaya ' svarna-katakam ('vayam ityeka- vacanena virahitvat sarvalankara - parityaga dyotyate | ) ' maya na abhilulitah ' sparsena virmaditah tat yatha tatha 'jyayah ' dhanurgunasya yah 'aghatah ' gharsanam tasya 'ankah ' cihnam ('utsanga- cihnayoranka ' ityamarah ) yasmin karmani yatha syat tatha 'muhuh ' varamvara ( 'paunahpunye bhrsarthe ca sadyo va syanmuhuh padam ' iti vaijayanti ) 'pratisaryate ' (sarateh nyantat karmani lat ) uddhrtya svasthane sthapyate | (atra ksinangatvat prastutena karyena kanaka- valaya- samsanena tatkaranibhuta karya pratyayyata iti paryayoktamalankarah | svabhavoktisca | harinivrttam ) ||11|| 96 n. - 1. asisiramh &c. -- According to poetic convenjon, tears of joy are cold and those of grief are hot, hence thexopriety of the epithet asisiraih | Cr. 'ananva- sitamiva vaspadrstam '
256 abhijnana- sakuntalam ----- [ 96 NOTES -Raghuvamsha XVI 44. 'anandajah sokaja-masru baspastayorasitam sisiro bibheda 'Ibid. XIV. 3. 'usnam viraha - mahatimadhubhih yapayantim ' - Parsvabhyudayam & Meghaduta II. 28 ; Raghuvamsha XII. 4; 62; XIX. 36. Mark also that our poet uses the word '' with reference to the tears of joy which are by themselves not so copious and flowing, as those arising from grief which are called 'asru ' | 2. bhuja- nyasta &c. - This and the following lines have been often mis-understood, M, whom we have followed firs. offers the correct explanation. The king we have considered as passing several nights in a sitting posture with his left arm (palm) raised to support his check. 'bhuja 'is explained as the palm of the left hand. This is a very common posture of all love-lorn persons men or women. Cf. "vama- kapola-sayani -krta- karatalaya " - Kad. P. 583. "vama - hastopahita - vadana " - Sakuntala Act. IV. 'nihsvasanamasisirataya - hastanastam mukham ' - Parsvabhyudayam & Meghaduta II. 23. "kevalam kamalayamana - hasta paryasta - gandamandala divasani gamayati " - Malati-Madhava Act. II. The king being a right-band archer, the friction of the bowstring will produce callosities on the left-hand. Hence also means the outer corner of the left eye which was placed on his left palm 3. anabhilalita &c. - abhi + lulu + kta + karmani abhilulitah - Pressed, touched 'lula vimardane ' - Kavi-Kalpadruma 'sautradhatu- rayas ' - Durgadasa. The callosities are produced by the friction of the bow-string on the fore-arm a little below if (elbow) and above the wrist-joint, but not on the wrist. Now bangles are always worn in the fore-fore-arm ( prakostha ) which is nearest to the wrist joint. Mark also that is a wide term meaning the entire hand from the elbow to the wrist-joint ( manibandha ) | Cf. 'prakosthamantaram vidyat aratni- manibandhayoh ' - Katya. 'vama - prakostharpitam vibhrat kancanamekameva valayam - Sakuntala VI. 6. 'kanaka- valaya- bhramsa - rikta-prakosthah ' -- Parsvabhyudayam & Meghaduta 2.But because bangles are worn on that part of which is nearest to manibandha, prakostha often in Kalidasa is met with in the sense of 'manibandha ' | Cf. 'tatah prakosthe haricandanankite &c. -- Raghuvamsha 111. 59. where Mallinatha says prakosthe 'manibandhe ' | Again Kali, has clearly pointed out
96 NOTES ] trtiyo'nkah 257 in Mala that bangles are worn near the wrist-joint (fr) Cf. 'vamam sandhi - stimita- valayam ' - Act. II. 6. where K remarks "sandhi- stimita-valayam sanyo "manibandhe stimitam niscalam valayam kankanam yasya sah " || Also 'vamam ' sandhi- stimitabalayam ' &c. - Dvatrimsat Puttalika "manibandhana - vinyasta- "Kuttanimatam of Damodara Gupta 741. Now the part of the hand towards the elbow is fatter than the part nearer the wrist-joint, Hence in natural condition the bangle will always touch the callosities caused by the bowstring. The king owing to uneasiness caused by the pangs of love used to pass the whole night in a sitting posture. Thus owing to constant wakefulness, the king's body was emaciated and the callosities were not sufficiently prominent through emaciation and disuse of the bow. Hence in a sitting posture with his cheek upon his palm, the bangle would slip down from its natural place towards the elbow without touching the scar produced on the upper part of the fore-arm. R and his followers take the king to pass the night in a lying posture, the left arm being used as a pillow. In this explanation as the bangle slips from to the tips of the fingers, aff &c. becomes redundant. Through sheer absent-mindedness, the king forgets that the bangle, even though put in its proper position, will not remain there. Elsewhere (Read 84 n. 5) he, for a similar reason, refers to the unbearableness of the moon-beam at mid-day. Now read the lovelorn condition of pundarika in Kad. p. 581-585. Text : - priyamvada ( vicinya ) hala, deva-sesa-yadeseja sumano-gobidam karia se | maana- leho se kariatu | hamam hatyaam pabaissam (hala, madana-lekha . ' asmai kriyatam | imam deva- sesa'padesena ' sumano-gopita ' krtva asya hastam prapa- yisyami ) | Priyamvada (Musing)---Well, let a billet-doux' be composed for him. Having3 concealed it under flowers,3 (I) will contrive
258 abhijnana- sakuntalam [ 96 NOTES to make it reach his hands, under2 the pretext of a wreath that has been offered to the deity. anasuya - roai me suumaro paoo | ki va sanvala bhanavi ( rocate ' me sukumarah prayogah | kimva sakuntala bhanati ) | Anasuya-- I like 1 (this) fine device. 2 But what does Sakuntala say ? sakuntala - ko nioo tumhanam vikappiadi [ko niyogo vam vikalpyate ']t Sakuntala - What advice of yours is (ever) altered by me ? priyamvada - tena hi attano ubannasa pusvam cintehi dava kimpi lalia- pada-bandhanam ( tena hi atmana upanyasa - purva cintaya navat kimapi lalita-yada- bandhanam ') | Priyamvada-Then just think out some pretty' string of words t alludings to thyself. sakuntala-hala cinteni aham | avahirana - bhiruam puno vebai me hiaam (hala cintayamyaham | avadhirana bhirukam punarvapate me hrdayam ) | Sakuntala - Dear, I shall think out. But my heart trembles, 5 afraid of a refusal.5 V. L. - ' deva - sesa - V. S. 'devata - sesa ' - - M. C. 'devata - seva ' -- B. 'devata - prasadasya ' - R. 'devata - vyapadesena ' - K. 'avadhirana ' - Only R. M. , priyamvadeti | 'madanasya lekhah ' lekhyam lipih iti yavat ("lekho lekhye sure lekha lipirajikayomamta ' iti medini ) atmanah kama'virbhava-jnapika patrika ityarthah | 'devasya ' devata-visesasya 'sesam ' nirmalyam ( ' prasada-datta mala ' iti kumarasambhave mallinatha ( 3|22 ) | ' prasadannijanirmalyadane seseti kirtita ' iti visvah ) tasyah 'apadesena ' chalena | deva-nirmalyamidam bhavata grahitu yuktam iti chalena iti bhavah | 'sumanobhih ' puspaih ('striyah sumanasah puspam prasuna samam " ityamarah ) 'gopitam ' pracchannam krtva | sakuntaleti | 'niyogah ' ajna 'vikalpyate ' anyathakriyate | kakva kathamapi na ityarthah | ( yatra manorayo nama natya- laksanam | "manorathastvabhiprayasyoktih bhangayantarena yat " iti darpanalaksanat ) | priyamvadeti | 'tena hi ' yadyayam upayah tubhyam rocate tarhi 'atmanah ' svasya ' upanyasah ' ullekhah 'purvah ' adau yasmin tat svanamadyullikhya iti bhavah | anyatha lajjaya sva'nivedane hi likhitamapi mudha syat | 'lalitanam ' sundaranam (iti medini ) 'padana bandhana ' racanam 'cintaya ' vibhavaya | sakuntaleti | sakuntaleti | 'avadhirana ' avajna
97 NOTES } trtiyo'nkah 259 pratyakhyana miti yavat ['avadhira ' iti avajnayam adantascuradih - iti kavi - kalpadruma | 'nyasasranyo yuc ( 3|3|104 ) iti yuc ] tata . 'bhirukan bhitam iti supsupenisamasah | ' trasni bhiru bhiruka - bhilukah ' ityamarah ) | 97 n. - 1. madana lekhah- A love letter describing the condition of a love-lorn person. This is one of the four ways mentioned by Bharata by which a maiden encourages the advances of her lover. Cf. 'lekhya prasthapanamh, snigdhamh viksita, mrdu-bhasitai | duto- sampresargah narya bhavabhivyaktirisyate ' - Qtd Ni. e. (i) sending a love-letter ; (ii) amorous glance ; (iii) soft speech ; (iv) sending a female messenger. 2. deva-sesa &c. sesa - A garland or the remains of other offerings presented to an idol and distributed among the worshippers as a holy relic (Com). Ci. 'malyaksatadindane stri 'sesa ' iti vaijayanti kesava || 'sesa nirmalya-dane syat ' - hama . gid. Bhanuji Diksita Cf. 'nighaya sesabhutam ' -- Mricchakatika X 46; 'tayetisesamitra bharturajnamadaya murdhna madana . pratasthe --- Kumara-sambhava III. 22. apadesa - Pretext 3 sumano &c. - ( Concealed among flowers). 'sumanas ' is generally feminine and plural. But sometimes like 'apsaras ', 'sikata ' &c, it is singular. 'sumanah pusa- malyayoh striyam, na dhiradevayoh ' - Medini. 'vesya smasana - sumana iva varjaniya ' -MKqtd. Raya-Mukuta-Mani ; Again dhananjayakavi uses it in the neuter gender. 'puspam sumanah kusumam ' namamala | 'sumanas ' ' is also seen in a 'tavanta ' form - "sumanayasca patrena patola'ristayostatha " - Susruta-Samhita 4. atmana upanyasa- purva - upanyasah = Lit placing near (upa ), hence, 'reference', 'introduction' ( 9 n. 7. ). 5. asvorana - According to Bopadeva 'avaghira ' (avajnayam ) is 'curadi ' | 'avavirayat sadhum ana . - Durgalasa. ( 2061. 5 ). Next yuc ( 3. 3. 107). "bharturavadhiranara " - Kumara-sambhava VIII. 49. "te paricayavati avadhirana priye " - Mala IV. bibheti iti bhi + silartha kukana ( ' kannapi ' - Varttika 3.2.174) = bhitaka - (80 n. 4 ) . - - Text : - raja (maharsam ) - ayam sa te tisthati sangamotsuko ' vasyavila visankame bhoru ! yato'vadhiranam ' | ( jatajara ) labheta va prarthayita na va sriyam sriya durapah kama mipsito ' bhaveta || 12 ||
260 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 97 NOTES King ( Joyfully ) - That very one, from whom, O timid one, you are apprehending a repulse3, is standing here, eager for a union1 with you. The seeker may or may not win fortune (but) how can the (person) sought by fortune, be difficult3 (for her) to obtain ? (12) salyau - ayi atta-guna-vamanini | ko vani sarira-jimvabaittiyam sarabiyam josini pada़ntena varebi (ayi atma- guna'vamanini ! ka idanim sarira- nirvapayitri " saradim jyotsnam patantena varayati ) | Friends O depreciators of thy (own) excellences ! Who would screen off the body-soothing" autumnal moon-shine with the skirt of (his ) garment ? sakuntala ( sasmitam ) - jioida vani mhi [niyojita idanimasmi ] | ( iti upavista cintayati ) | Sakuntala ( Smiling) - Now I set about (it). (This said sts up and muses.) sambodhane hrasvah ) ayamiti | he 'bhiru ' ('una utah ' - 4|1|66 - iti una, avajna-bhayagile ! 'yato ' yasmat dusyantat 'avadhiranam ' pratyakhyanam 'visankase ' sandisi 'sah ayam ' dusyantah 'sangame sangamena va utsukah ( 2|3|44 ) utkanthita ' san 'tisthati ' | ( purvapara-caranayoh vyatyaya-pathena uddesya pratinirdeya-prakramabhangah samaseyah ) | 'prarthayita ' yacakah 'sriyam ' laksmi 'labheta na va labheta (sambhava- nayam lina ) kintu 'sriya ' laksmya (2|3|69 ) 'ipsitah ' (7/5/55 ) atmana eva labdhumabhimatah janah 'durapah ' (khal - 3 | 3 | 126 ) durlabhah 'katha bhavet ' na kathamapi iti bhava | atah bhayamva tvam durapa, na tu tvayaham durlabhah iti nrpabhiprayah | ( ayamarthantaranyasah | arthapattisca | vyatyaya - pathitasya purvavakyasya purvavakyam samarthakam | tadrguttarasya uttaram samarthakam iti raghavacaranah | sadrsya- nibandhanaprastutaprasamsalankarasca | sruti-vrtti-cchekanuprasa | atra 'sriyam 'sriyeti ' srisabdasya vara-dvayopadanat kathitapavata- dosah "ratililasrama ' bhinte salilamanilo vahan " iti darpanodaharanavat | sa ca " katham na labhyate narah tathapitah " iti pathitva parihartavyah | anena paryaya- prakrama bhango'pi parihrta . syat | vamsasthavilam vrttam ) ||19|| salyaviti | priyajana-guna- paksapatena 'atmanah ' svasya 'gunan ' rupadin 'avamanayati avajanati ya tatsabuddhi | tvadgunaireva sa kritah atah avajna-sankapi nasti ityartha . | 'sarirasya nirvapayatri '
98 NOTES ] trtiyo'nkah 261 sausyakarini 'saradi ' saradrtu sambandhinim ( 'sandhi-veladyutu-naksatrebhyah an ' (4|3|16 ) ; nip -- 4|1|15 ) 'jyotsna ' candrata ('jyotsna ' candratape'pi syat jyotsnayuktanisi smata ' | jyoti asti asyam iti 'jyotsna - tamisra - (5/2/114 ) iti nipatita ] 'ka idanim ' iti vakyalankare | 'patantena ' vastrancalena 'varayati ' | na ko'pi purusah idugurupa-salini tvam avadhirayitu samartha iti hrdayam (atra aprastutaprasamsalankarah ) | 1 - 98 n. -- 1. sangamotsukah- 3ya is also available with 'utsuka ' by 'prasitotsukabhyam trtiya ca ' - ( 2. 3. 44 ). Hence say sangamena ( sangame va ) utsukah, but the samasa is to be termed sahasupa, and not 3ya or 7mi tatpurusa by 'yogavibhaga ', for such yogavibhaga is not sanctioned by mahabhasya | bhi + kru = mora (3.2.174). Next bhiru + una, ('uda, utah ' 4. 1.661 = bhiru | sambodhane hasvah- Read ( 255 n. 1). Cf. ' yasya krte tvama- gata so'yam te puratastisthati " - Rat II. labheta na va &c. sri is notoriously unsteady (Mudra-Raksasa II. 12 ; IV. 13), so there is naturally dubious about securing her love. Cf. 'ksiti manusya dhanuradibhih sramaih striyah kadaciddhi labheta na va | asasayam yastviha dharmacaryaya bhaveyureta divi punyakarmanah || - Saundara-Nanda of Ashvaghosha X. 62. sriya -- 110 n. 3). 2. ipsito ap + san + ktah | [ 'a' of a Desiderative becomes 'i' by 'sanyatah ' (7. 4. 79) ; But in the case of 'ap ' it is 'i' by "ap sapyrdham it " 7. 4. 55.] The seeker of fortune (laksmi ) may or may not get fortune, but it can't be conceived that fortune has failed to find out a seeker. 3. idanom - An appellative ( vakyalankare ) - "idani vakyabhusayam sampratyarthe ca drsyate " | niyojita - Directed by you, so not answerable for the consequence. 4. For a similar idea. Cf. 'divam yadi prarthayase vrtha sramah pituh pradesastava devabhumayah | athopayantaramalam samadhina na ratnamantisyati mrgyate hi tat - Kumara-sambhava V 45. 'na drsyate prarthayitavya eva te | bhavisyati prarthita durlabhah katham || - K. V. 46. Text : - raja --sthane ' khalu vismrta-nimesena ' caksuva priyamavalokayami | yatah --- uttamirtaka--khatamanaऩmasyah padani racayansyah | varya [12, 18 12, 15] kastakitena ' prathayati mayyanuragam kapolema ' ||12||
262 abhijnana- sakuntalam [99 NOTES King-Fitly indeed with2 eyes that have forgot winking2 do I gaze on my darling. For,-While composing the lines, her face with one creeper-like eye-brow raised up, vents her affection for me by means of her horripilateds cheeks. 4 (13) sakuntala - hala, cintidam mae goda- mae goda -vatyu | asanihidani una lehana-saha- nani [hala cintitam maya gita - vastu ' | amannihitani ' punarlekhana-sadhanani " ) Sakuntala-Friend, the theme of a song is thought out by me. Not near at hands, however, are writing materials 7. V. L. - ' kantakitana prathayati ' --- R. V. M. S. 'pulakancitena kathayati '-D. B. 'cintitam gitavastu ' - R. V. S. 'cintita maya gitika ' - M. B. 'asannihitani ' - B. S. P. 'na sannihitani ' - R. V. M. - - rajeti | 'vismrta-nimesena ' nirnimesena 'caksusa priyam ' sakuntalam yat 'avalokayami ' tattu 'sthane ' yuktam ('sthane tu varanarthe syat yukta-sadrsayorapi ' iti medini ) | vaksyamana- loke tadeva pratipadayati || unna siteti | 1 'padani ' gitikastha - sabdan ( 'pada sabde ca vakye 'racayantya ' vicarapurvakam upanibadhnantyah ca vyavasayapradesayoh iti medinam ) 'amya ': 'amya ': sakuntalayah 'unnamita ' uttolita 'eka bhrulata ' yasmin tadrsam ' ananam ' kartr ', 'kantakitana ' romancitena | ('romace ca drumange ca kastako makare'pi ca ' iti visva ) 'kapolena ' gandena karanena 'mayi ' dusyante ' pritivisesa ' prathayati ' prakatayati | romancita- kapolanyathanupapattya anuraga prathanat arthapatyalankarah | kecidanumanalankara- mahuh | bhrulatam ityupama ca . unnamitamya sadhakatvat | anuprasasca | darpana-kara- mate atra krama-nama garbhamandhe rangamupaksiptam | tallaksana yatha-- "bhava- tanvopa- labdhistu kramah syat ' | idam ca tenamva udahrtam | arya jatih ) ||13 || sakuntaleti | 'na sannihitani samipasthani iti 'asannihitani (kvacit prasapratisedhe'pi samasah, svayam sutrakrta tathaiva krtatvat ) | 'lekhana-sadhanani ' masi-patra kalamani ityartha | 99 n. -- 1. sthane - Rightly ; ( 16 n. 1.) Sakuntala has already betrayed her love to the king and that fact has been doubly corroborated now by her thrilling cheeks, hence the king remarks that his gaze on Sakuntala has been quite meet. But else where (164 n. 2) when he could not recognize her, he remarked - 'bhavatu, anivarnaniyam para kalatram ' | Cf, 'A lover's eyes will gaze the eagle -
99 NOTES ] ་ trtiyo'nkah - 263 blind - Love's Labour Lost ; 'Methought all his senses were lock'd in his eyes'- Ibid. II. 1. 2. vismrta &c - C! 'papi ' nimesa-lama- paksma- panakti, rupositabhyamiva locanabhyam - Raghuvamsha II. 19. kantakitena-- 'kantakah ' [Horripilation ie, standing up of the hair like thorns due to excessive delight ( Com. ) ] + jatarthe itac kantakitah- [ (2.5. 36) ; 'tarakadi ' is akrtigana ] | Cf. 'priti- kantakitatvacah ' - Kumara-sambhava 17. 15. 'kantakita prakostha - Raghuvamsha VII. 22. and Mallinatha thereon ; Rat. 1. 1. - 3. kapolena -- R justifies the singular thus kapolena | yamtra eka bhana unnamita taddigastha kapolasya eva romancitantram ityekavacanam | anuragam- " raga eva sva-samvedya dasapraptya prakasitah ! yavadasrayavrttiscet anuraga itirita . " - Sudhakara mayi -- ( 242 5 ) #f-(242µ. 5) prathayati--- Manifests, Cf. -Kiratarjuniya V.3; Rat. I 1 13. sannihitani - Near at close by, 'dha ' 'hi ' 4 asanihitani sam +ni +dha + kta karmani - hand, na sannihitani - asannihitani - Not ('dadhane hi ' - 7. 4. 42 ) Here negation is prominent, hence na is prasahya pratisedha | So says KI" - " apradhanyam vidheryatra pratisedhe pradhanata | 'prasahya-pratisedho'sau kriyaya maha yatra nana " | | So is prohibited. But this is not strictly observed, as samasa 'adeca upadese 'asiti - (6. 1. 45 ) - --Many Panini himself has made samasa with prasahyapratisedha-nana | Cf 'prasahyapratisedhah ityaha natu siti iti T. 2370. 5. lekhana -sadhanani ( 211. 1). European scholars headed by Dr. Bhuler opine that Sanskrit scripts originated from the letters of the Moabite stones and Assyrian weights which were introduced in India at about 800 B. C. But Panini (at least 800 B. C. - Dr. Gold Stucker ) gives the formation of two words 'lipikara ', livikara (3. 2. 21 ) in his grammar, and in his dhatupatha writes 'likha - - aksara- vinyase, ' 'anka cihnakarane ' &c. Even written books [ panya ] were known in his time (1.3. 75 ; IV. 3. 87 ; IV. 3. 116.) Sakatayana also gives the derivation of fifc (U. 4. 120). Dr. Auphret and Late Umesa Candra Vidyaratna, the redoubtable Vedic Scholar have independently of each other pointed out that there in the Rig-Veda (1. Mandala, Hymn CLXIV, Verses 24 & 27 ) canuot
264 abhijnana- sakuntalam .. [ 99 NOTES but mean, 'measuring speech', 'syllable' or 'letter'. Again Rig-Veda (X. 62. 7) makes mention of the number EIGHT thus "age a zan az.. "Give me a 1,000 cows on whose ears number eight was written." Dr. Gold Stucker had already referred to the Indian practice of making marks on the ears of the cows to denote their relation to the others as mentioned by PANINI. Vide 'karne laksanasya'vista'stapanca .. svastikasya ' VI. 3. 115; 'karnavarna-laksanat VI. 2. 112 cihna vacaka sabdat parapada quizo: enejana wafa"--Prabha. At another place in Rig-Veda (X 34) there is mention of a gambler lamenting his lot saying that "having staked on one (stamped on the dice) he had lost his wife" There is also mention of written amount ( "ajaisam tva samlikhita- marjasamuta - samruddham " ) in Atharva Veda [VII. 50, (52), 5]. vasistha - dharmasutra which originally belonged to Rig-Veda school offers clear evidence of the use of writing in the Vedic period. It (XVI. 10 14-15) mentions written amounts as legal evidence and the 1 st of these Sutras is a quotation from an older work or from traditional lore. Besides, the Vedic works contain some technical terms, such as kanda ( chapter), grantha (book) etc. which have been quoted as of writing. AV (VI. 141.) and maitrayani samhita (IV. 2. 9) make mention of making f-marks on the ears. Later on this practice, was denounced (AV. XII. 4. 6) Besides rule like 'zafcdaifudit:'-(1. 3. 11) becomes meaningless without written words. With the discovery of writing in Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Hosangabad, Hyderabad-potteries, (belonging to the Megalithic (1500 B.C. and Neolithic (6000 B. C.-3000 B. C.) preserved in the Madras Museum.), these views are summarily dismissed. (Now read 211 n. 1). patala, evidence Text : --- priyamvada - imassim suodara- sini galini-patte garhoha nikkhitta avvi w:The (arfema odez-feara' afeat-qa aa. fafera-qui2 ) 1 *
99 NOTES ] trtiyo'nkah 265 Priyamvada --- On this lotus-ieaf charming as a parrot's breast', have the letters engraved 2 with (your) nails. sakuntala ( yayoktam rupayitva ) -- hala, sunaha vani sangavatyam na veti (hala, srnutamidanim sangatartha ' na veti ) | Sakuntala (Gesticulating as described ) - Now, my friends, listen, if it is consistent with senset or not. ubhe - abahiba ha [ avahite svah ] | Both -We are all heed. - sakuntala (vacayati ) - udgatha tujha na ane hiaam mama una maano diva bi rattimpi | nigsina tabai baliam tui vrtta-manorahai angai || 14 || [ tava na jane hrdaya mama punarmadanom divapi ratravapi | nirghuna ! tapati baliyastvayi vrtta - manorathaya ' angani ] | Sakuntala (Reads out)-O ruthless1 one I know not your heart, but day and night Cupid exceedingly heats my limbs with my yearning centered 2 on you. (14) V. L. - ' snigdhe ' - P. 'sukumare ' - R. B. V. M. S. niksiptavarna - kuru ' -- R. V. M. S. 'alikhyatam ' - B. 'ratravapi ' -- R. V. 'ratrimapi 'B. M. 'madanah ' - B. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha 'kama ' - R. V. M. 'manorathayah ' -- B. C. V. M. '0 manorathani ' - R. 'abhimukhamanoratha hrdayam - S. " priyamvadeti | 'sukasya udaram iva snigdham ' manoramam ('va druha muha-snuha- sniham ' - ( 82033 ), pakse snidam ) tadrse 'asmin nalinipatre ' padmaparne 'nakhaih " kararuhaih ['avidyamanam 'kha' tvagakhyam indriyam yatra tat nakham | 'nabhran-napad-naveda- ( 3|3|75 ) iti nana - sabdasya na nakara-lopah ] | 'niksiptah ' 'nyastah varnah ' aksarani yasya tadrsam arthat nakha-vilikhitaksaram | taveti | 'nirasta ghrna ' daya yasya sa tatsambodhane he 'nirghuna ' nirdaya [ 'ghrna jugupsa-krpayoh ' iti visvah | 'sid bhidadibhyah ana ' - ( 3|3|104 ) iti 'ghrnoteh ana ] 'tava hrdayam ' sanuragam na veti 'na jane ' 'tvayi ' visaye 'vrttah sanjatah 'manorathah ' abhilasah yasyah tadrsya 'mama ' punah 'madanah ' kamah 'diva api ' divase ca ('diva-sabdo'dhikarana- vacana ' iti vamanah ) 'ratrau api ' yaminyam ca (atra 'diva 'ratri ca adhirakana- dyotakamavyayam | tathacokta mavyaya- prakarane -- diva divase | ratrau nisi -- iti balamanorama-tattvabodhini - kari - 447 ) sarvani 'angani ' 'valiyah ' sati-
266 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 100 NOTES sayam ( kriyavisesanametat ) 'tapani ' pida़yati | ammadeva ksatriyena tvaya raja mamatattapa - santiravayameva karaniya ityasayah | ( anumanalankarah | pratyanika- lankarasca | " pratipaksa pratikara sakti tadiya- tiraskarah pratyanikam " iti tallaksanat | atra vajrangamupaksipram - 'pratyaksa nisthuram vajram " iti darpana- laksanat | lekha- namakam samdhyangancopaksiptam- 'vivaksitarthakalita patrika lekha ucyate ' iti | udgatha vrttam ) || 18 || - 100 n. - 1. sukodara snigdhe - Charming as parrot's breast. M explains 'sukodara ' as leaf of Talisa Tree. Cf. 'sukodara - syamamidam ' - Vikramorvasiya IV.17. na jane &c. - This simple stanza is quite befitting Sakuntala who is brought up in a penance-grove. 2. faan &c.-Day and night I am agonised by Cupid, but I don't know whether you are also so tormented. In case you are in my condition, please come to me at once. diva, (avyaya- when uncompounded) always signifies Locative. Cf. 'diva divase ' - T. & Balamanorama 'diva ahniti ' - A ; 'ahni divase, itina adhikararnartha-pradhanatam darsayati ' - Bhanuji Diksita "diva (ahni ) praninah cestavatah karoti yah sah divakara ." - Prabha on 3. 2. 71; 'diva ' 'divase ' karah rasmih asya ityamaratikayam raghunathah | For the sake of conformity 'ratri ' may also be taken as adhikarana- pratirupakam avyayam (Com). 3. nirghuna -- ghrna = daya, hence the propriety of the word. The duty of a Ksatriya, (also of a king) is to protect one from danger. 'ksatat kila trayate ityudagrah ksatrasya sabdah bhuvanesu rudhah ' - Raghuvamsha II. 53, but Cupid is doing injury to me, still you, a ksatriya, are not coming to protect me. 'apannasya visaya - nivasino janasya artiharena rajna bhavitavyam iti esa vo dharmah ' Act. III. Infra. For a similar idea read Naisadha-Carita IX. 143. Also 'ghrna te nasti nirvrna ' - Ram. I. 81. 19. 'nirghuna, kimidam akrtyamanu- sthitam -- Kad. p. 618 ; PN. IV. 5. 4 For a similar idea Cf. 'svamin, sambhavita yathaham tvaya'jnata | tathanuraktasya yadi nama tavopari || nanu mama lalita - parijatasayaniye bhavanti sukha nandana-vanavata apyatyusnakah sarira ke ' - Vikramorvasiya II. 12; 13. tapati - " tapatyadityavat dhamna tapyate yah parantapah | tapate ripurastram yah tapayati ahitam satam " - Kavi-Rahasya 29. - - -
100 NOTES ] trtiyo'nkah 267 Remark - In udgatha (or ( giti ) metre, in the first half, as well as in the second, there should be in each, thirty cs and altogether there are sixty Taittiriya Samhita in the complete stanza. (Appendix ). Text : - raja ( sahasopasrtya ) arya [12, 18 12, 15] - tapati tanugatri ! madanastvamanisam mam punarvahatyeva | glapayati ' yatha sasankana tatha hi kumudvarti vivasah ||15|| King (Suddenly coming forward)--O slender-limbed one! Cupid does but warm you ; but, in sooth, he consumes me incessantly. The day, indeed does not so cause the water-lily to fade2 as it does the hare-specked (moon). (15) sakhyau ( vilokya saharsamutthaya ) - saavam | avilambino manorahassa ( svagatamavilambino manorathasya ) | ( sakuntala abhyutthatumicchati ) | Friends (Looking at him and rising joyfully)---Welcome to our scarce-lingering desires ! (Sakuntala desires to rise.) V. L. - vilokya saharsamutthaya ' - B. M. S; 'saharsam ' - R. V. tapatiti | he 'tanugatri ' ksinangi sakuntale ( pakse 'tanu gatre ' - 511 ) 'madanah, kamah 'anisam nirantaram 'tvam tapati ' kevalam tapaprado bhavati ( ityetat krsangatvam prati hetuh | atah kavyalingam ) 'mam ' kathina- sariram purusam punah ( punassabdo visesa- dyotakah ) | visesamaha - 'dahatyeva ' bhasmikarotyeva ( ' punaritipadena svasya tapa- tisayo dyotyate, atah tvadapeksaya ahameva adhikam klista ityasayah ) 'hi ' tathahi 'divasah yatha ' yadrka 'sasanka ' candram 'glapayati ' glanim apadayati, malinikaroti 'kumudvatim ' kumudini 'nahi tatha ' tadrk glapayati iti sesah | ( sakuntala - kumudvatyoh divasa - madanayoh sasanka- dusyantayosca bimba- pratibimba-bhavaksepat drstanta- lankarah | 'tapati ', 'bahati ' - tyaneka-kriyayoh 'madana ' ityeka-kartr karakatvat dipakam | sasanka-kumudvatyoh nayaka-nayika-vyavahara- samaropat samasoktih | 'glapayati ' ityekaya kriyaya sasanka-kumudvatyoh karmatvena abhisambandhat tulyayogita ca| anuprasasca | tanugatriti punaruktavadabhasah | madayati ahladayati iti madanah harsadah | sa katham tapati dahatiti virodhabhasasca | arya jatih ) ||15|| sasyaviti | 'abilambanah ' nama - grahana -matre eva upasthitasya 'manorathasya 'manoratha - visayi - bhutasya abhimatajanasya bhavatah | 'svagata ' sobhanamagatamastu iti sesah |
268 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 101 NOTES 10 ln. - 1. tanutratri -- Optionally 'tanugatre ' ['anga- gatra kanthebhyo vaktavyam - Varttika 511.]. 2. glapayati - Cause to fade ; gle (harsaksaye ) + nic + lat + ti [glai gla, -- ' adeca upadese, asiti ' - (6. 1. 45 ). | 'puru ' by 'ati-hi- vli-ri-knu yi ksayyatam puk nom ' - ( 7. 3. 36 ) ], hence 'glapayati ' | Optionally 'glapayati ' (when not preceded by any upasarga ) by 'mitam hrasvah ', (6. 4. 92 ). Kumara-sambhava III. 49 3. kumadvarti - kumuda + matvarthe dmatup striyam ['kusuda-nada- vetasebhyo matup ( 42.87 ) ] - kumudvati | ('ma' = 'va' by ['jhayah ' - 8. 2. 9.]. Next 'a' of 'kumuda ' is elided by 'teh ' (6. 4. 143) as the pratyaya is dit | 4. manorathasya - The friends consider the king as the desire of Sakuntala incarnate sese sasthi ; of the 16 upacara s, svagatam is one- 'asanam ' svagatam padyamarghyamacamaniyakam | madhuparka-camasnana-vasanabharanani ca | gandhapuspe dhupa-dipo naivedya vandanam tatha | prayojayedarcanayamupacaramstu soda़sa || " Cf. "maharajopacarah " - Vikramorvasiya IV. (129 n. 2). 5. Contrast the foregoing simple and natural speech of Sakuntala (St. 14) with that (Sl. 15) of the king having a tint of artificiality. Also Vikramorvasiya II. 16. Text : - raja --- alamalamayasena- arya [12, 18 12, 15] sandasta - kusuma-sayananya 'su-vimadata- mrnala - valayani ' | guru- paritapani ' na te gatranyupacarama ' rhanti ' || 16 || King - Away with your effort.-Your limbs, with 3 (their ) excruciating pains, which have just stuck to the couch of flowers1 and have2 crushed the bracelet of lotus-stalks,2 are not meet 5 for formalities* (16) anasuya -- ibo sila-tale-baka desam alamkarevu vaasso ( itah sila-talaika- desama ' lankarotu vayasyah ) | ( raja upavisati | sakuntala salajja tisthati ) | Anasuya--Deign, my friend, to adorn a parts of the stone-slab (by sitting down). (The king sits down. Sakuntala feels bashful). V. L. - virmadatamrnalavalayani ' -- B. 'nirvanata 0 ' - C. 'klantavisa- bhanga - surabhini ' - R. V. M. S; M. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha - & Dr read 'anugrhnatu ' for 'alankarotu ' | 'salajja ' - R. V. M. S. 'salajjam ' - B ; rajeti | 'alam alam ' iti dviruktih adaratisayam dhvanayati | sandaste ta 'guruh ' mahan 'paritah sarvatah 'tapah ' satapah yesu tadrsani, ataeva 'asu ' sighram
102 NOTES } trtiyo'nkah 269 mandastam ' samyak lagnam 'kusuma- sayanam ' puspagayya (adhikarane nyut ) yesu tadrsani vimadata ' magharsita nippesitam iti yavat 'mrnala-valaya ' yam tadrsani te gatrani upacaram ' mananiyagantuka - janasya sammana pradarsanartha sistanustheyam abhyutthanadikamityarthah ('upacarastu mevayam vyavaharo - pacaryayoh ' iti hemah ) 'na' arhanti ', yatah gatranamutthapane kusuma - sayya'pi anga- lagna uttisthatiti bhavah | (kavyalinga-parikaranuprasah | arya jati ) | || 16|| -- - 102 n. -- alamalam - Cf. 'asanamamana, sacivaya ' - Rat. IV. ayasena- karane 3ya | Don't say alam- yogena 3ya, for there is no such Sutra in Panini's grammar. Read (29 n 3 & 250 n. 2). sandasta &c. Ordinarily 'sama + dams ' means to bite, sting, and it is transitive Cf. 'sandastadhara - pallava ' - Amaru-shataka 32 But Kali. often uses it intransitively to mean 'clung', 'stuck' of 'adhered closely. For this intransitive use vide (121 n. 3). Cf. 'bhuyisthasadaptasiva kapole Raghuvamsha XVI. 48. 'samdasta vastresu abalanitambesu ' - XVI. 65, 'sandasta - sarpatvaca ' - Sakuntala VII. 11. 2. upacaram - Formalities of reception such as speaking words of welcome, customary obeisance', &c. - ( 101 n. 4). Cf. 'askhalitopacaram ' - Raghuvamsha 1. 20. 'tatascopacaranantaram ekasanopavistena ' - Mala. I. 'upacaranjali ' - Raghuvamsha 111. 11. 'ramabhadra, ityeva mam pratyupacara ' - Uttara-rama-Charita I. For somewhat similar idea, Cf. "Brutus -- Portia, what mean you ? Wherefore rise you ? it is not for your health thus to commit. Your weak condition raw cold morning " - Julis Caesar, II. 1. 3. 'vayasyah ' She seems to be sure -Mark the new address of Anasuya of king's marrying Sakuntala On a similar instance citralekha addressed the king pururavah as 'vayasya ' | Cf. "vayasya, niruttaresa | sampratam mama vijnapyam sruyatam "- 1 III pratyaksa | Text: priyamvada -- duvenampi vo amnosnanurao pascakkho | sahi-mineho usa mam pujadatavadinom karedi (dvayorapi yuvayam anyonyanuraga sakhi-snehah puna ma punarukta-vadini ' karoti ) | | Priya nivada---Your mutual love' is perceptible to both f you Still affection for (my) friend eggs me to speak something 24
270 abhijnana-sakuntalam [ 102 NOTES raja -- bhadre, nam tat pariharyam ' | viviksitam hi anuktamanutapam janayati | King - Good lady, this should not be suppressed. 3 Fci what is intended to be spoken 4, if not spoken, causes remorse. { priyamvada -- avannassa visaa - nivasino janassa atti-harena rana hodavvamti eso vo dhammo ( apannasya ' visaya-nivasino janasyati- harena rajna bhavitavyamityesa yusmakam dharmah ) | Priyamvada Your (special) royal office consists in the removal of the misery of the distressed people living in your dominion. raja nasmat param | King - None higher than this. priyamvada tena hi iam jo piasaho tumam uddisia imam avatthantaram bhaavaba maanena arobida | ta aruhasi ambhubabattie jividam se avalambitum ( tena hi iyamavayoh priyasakhi tvamuddisya idamavasthantaram bhagavata madanena aropita | tadarhasi abhyupapattya jivitamasya avalambitum ' ) | Priyamvada - And so, this our dear friend, on your account. has been reduced to this (changed) plight by the almighty Cupid. Therefore you ought to sustains her life by ( showing ) favour 7. raja-bhadre, sadharano'yam pranayah " | sarvatha anugrhito'smi | to King - Good lady, common to us both is this suit. 10. I feel favoured (by you ) in every way. priyamvadeti | 'yuvayoh anyasmin anyasmin yah 'anuraga ' prema sah 'dvayorapi pratyaksah ' yuvam ubhavapi parasparanuragam janitha ityasayah | ' punarukta- vadinim ' nirarthaka-bhasinim | uditasyarthasya punarvacanam yatha musaiva tatha pratyaksibhutasyarthasya vakyena prakasah nunam nirarthakah | tathapi sakuntalayah premna mayedamucyate ityasayah | priyamvadeti | 'visaye ' janapade svarastre iti yavat ('visayah gocare dese tatha janapade'pi ca ' iti medini ) nivasati ' yah tasya 'visaya- nivasinah ' nija- desa - sthitasya janasya 'apannasya ' vipadyuktasya ('apannah savipattau syat prapte'pi ca vacyalingaka ' iti visva medinyo ) pida़ा - vinasakena [atim pida़ा harati, ('harateh anudyamane 'janasya ati - harena ' ac - 31219 iti ityamarah ] | rajeti | ac | an pratyayasya badha ) | -- 'atih pida़ा dhanuskostyoh ' 'asmat ' apannasya ati haranat 'param ' prasasyataram anyat krtyam nasti | triyamvadeti | 'tena hi ' yatah apadbhyah prajapalanam eva rajnah dharmah, 'bhagavata ' maha- sakti - salina 'madanena | 'tvam uddisya ' tvadartham 'avasthantaram ' hri- tyaga-laksanam
103 NOTES ] trtiyo'nkah 271 vikara-visesam 'aropita ' prapita | 'tat ' tasmat hetoh 'abhyupapatyah ' anugrahena ('abhyupapattiranugrahah ' ityamarah ) | 'jivitam ' jivanam (bhave ktah ) 'avilambitu ' raksitum | anyatha acirenaiva antya - dasa - sambhava ityasayah | tathacoktam vatsyayanena ' hritya - gonmada - murcchanta ityananga-dasa dasa " iti | rajeti | 'sadharanah ' ubhayorapi samanah ('sadharanah samanasca ' ityamarah ) 'pranayah ' yacjna ('pranayah syat paricaye yacjnayam sauhrde'pi ca ' ityamarah ) taba sakhi mamanugraham prarthayate tatha mayapi svajivanam raksitu tasya anugrahah prarthyate ityasayah | - -- - 103 n. - 1. anyo'nya &c - anyasmin anyasmin anuragah iti vyatiharat dvitvam - Ram. VI. 44.2; 51.6 ; (48 n 9). pratyaksah - ( 1 n 5) 2. punarukta- vadinim - punarukta means 'Excess ' ( adhika ), hence superfluous. Cf. 'sasamsa vaca punarukta evam ' - Raghuvamsha II. 78 & V. 34. 'punavakta- sandrah ' - Shishupala-badha XI. 64. 'abhivyaktayam candrikayam ki dipika 'paunaruktyena ' Vikramorvasiya III; 'muktavali - viracanam punaruktamantrah - Ibid. V. 15. The idea is-You know full well that Sakuntala loves you, and Sakuntala also knows that you love her. Hence anything said by a third person will be in excess; i.e. superfluous. Compare this with the speech of Gautami-'ekaikasya ca carite bhanatu, kimeka ekasmin ' - Sakuntala V. 16. vivaksitam &c. - ( 921. 2.). apannasya (Distressed) &c. - ' apana''ti- prasamana - phalah sampado haghuttamanam ' - Parsvabhyudayam & Meghaduta 54. 'lokam vidhatra vihitasya goptu ' - Kiratarjuniya III. 41 3. nasmat - 5mi in connection with param (= adhikam ) Vide (238 n. 2). Cf. 'mattah parataram nasti ' - Gita. VII. 1; 13 ; III. 43. 4. bhagavata - Is significant. It suggests the omnipotence of Cupid and hence the necessity of protection for poor Sakuntala bhaga + matvarthe matup = bhagavan | tena | 'ma' va' by 'madupadhayasca matorva a-yavadibhyah (8. 2. 9. ) . ' aisvaryasya samagrasya viryasya yasasah sriyah | jnana-vairagyayoscaiva dhanyam bhaga itingana - Visnu-purana (119 n. 2.) 5. avasthantaram - avasthiyate - ava + stha + ana bhave == avastha | 'ana ' by 'atascopasarge - ( 3. 3.106) ; as 'stha ' is akaranta and also preceded by an upasagam | Bui 'stha ' is to take 'ktin ' in bhavavacya by the special rule "stha-ga-pa-paco bhave "- (3. 3. 95 ). Still 'ana ' is justified, as Panini himself uses as such in 'purva-para- vara daksinottara-para-dharani vyavasthayam asamjnayam " - (1. 1. 34). = -
272 1 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 103 NOTES Read " katham " 'astha ' iti || 'vyavasthayam ' iti jnapakat ' - (Bhattoji Diksita 218 ). 'avapurvat tisthateh ana | 'vyavasthayama iti jnapakat - Bhanuji Diksita a + ruha + nic + kta karmani = arohita - - ( Reduced to ) or 'aropita ' by 'ruhah po'nyatarasyam ' - (7.3.43). 6. sadharanah - Common, applicable to both of us. adharanena saha vartamanah iti sadharanah | saha = sa by 'vopasarjanasya ' ( 6. 3. 82 ). Next svarthi ana by 'agnighrasaranadana, ' - (Varttika 5. 4. 25 ) - Bhanuji Diksita T, however, proceeds as follows - 'samanam ' dharanam asyah sadharani | anekam prati avisistasamvandho bhumyadih | prsodaraditvat samanasya sa-bhavah | vibhasa prakaranat anyabhave tap sadharana bhumi ' || - T. 2093. Cf. 'sadharano- bhusanabhusyabhavah ' - Kumara-sambhava I. 42. 'sadharano'yamubhayoh pranayah ' - Vikramorvasiya II. 16 ; 'sa sadhu-sadharana- parthivardhah ' - Raghuvamsha XVI. 5. Text- sakuntala ( priyamvada mavalokya ) - hala, kim anteura- virahapajju- ssualsa raesijo ubarohena (hala, kimanta . purah- viraha - paryutsukasya ' rajarse- ruparodhena ) | Sakuntala (I.ooking at Priyamvada)-Friend, why do you press the royal sage who is pining away in separation from the ladies of the seraglio1. raja - idamananya-parayana 'manyatha hrdaya-sannihite ' ! hrdayam mama | drutavilambita yadi samarthayase madireksane ! madana-bana-hato'smi hatah punah ||17|| ( nabhabhara ) King O you with bewitching eyes and ever-residing in my heart,3 if you judge this heart of mine which is devoted to none elsel, as otherwise, then being ( already ) slain by Love's shaft, I am slain once again. (17) anasuya -- vaassa, bahu-vallaha raano sunoanti | jaha jo piasahi bandhu-ana-somanijja na hoi taha nivvahehi ( vayasya, bahu-vallabha ' rajanah sruyante | yatha avayoh priyasakhi bandhu-jana-socaniya ' na bhavati tatha nirvahaya ) ।. Anasuya-Friend, many-wived 5 are the kings, we hear Please so arrange that our dear friend is not to be bewailed by her relatives.⚫ V. L. -- priyamvadam ' -- R. V. M. S. 'anasuyam ' -- B. 'kim antahpura R. V. M. 'alam te'ntahpura . - S : M reads 'sundari ' before Sl. 16. 'hatosmi ' R. V. M. S. "hato'pi ' - B. 'nirvahaya ' - V. M . ' nirvartaya ' - R. 'nirvaha ' - S. ;
104 NOTES ] trtiyo'nkah 273 sakuntaleti | 'antah puranam ' (5|4|74 ) laksanaya tatrastha-rajadaranam 'vira- -hena paryutsukah ' utkanthitah tasya 'rajarseh uparodhena ' avarodhena, rajarsim anurudhya ityarthah | 'kim ' prayojanam sadhyate ( 'sati visesye vadhe visesanamupasamkramati ' iti nyayat uparodhah varaniya iti hrdayam ) | raja tu tadasahamano vaksyamana- slokamuvaca | idamiti | 'madira ' matta - khanjanah ( iti sabdaratnavali ) tasya iksane iva 'iksane ' nayane yasyah tatsambuddhi, he cancala-nayane (anena parama- sundarataya tvayi eva nitaram asaktih iti dyotyate ) 'hrdaye ' mamantahkarane 'samyak nihita ' sthita tatsambuddhau, he mama manasa - viharini ! yo yasya sani- hitah sa tasya tattvam janati | tvam mama hrdayasya sannihita | atah tadrsi satyapi yadi idam na 'anya ' nari 'parayanam ' asango'nuragah yasya tathavidham- ("sarvanamnah vrttimatre puvadbhavah " - ( 728 ), - " sakalyasanga - vacane parayana- parayane " ityamarah ) kevalam tvayi sakuntalayam, asaktam iti bhavah | "mama hrdayam anyatha " anyaprakarena antahpura - virahotkanthitatvena yadi 'samarthayase ' kalpa- -yasi, tada "madana - vanena hatah " viddha ssan ('asmi ' aham ) 'punah hatah ' maritah viruddha- manah pravrttirjatah ityarthah ( " manohatah pratihatah pratibaddho hatasca sah " ityamarah ) atah pistapesana manucitam iti bhavah | ( atra ananya-parayanatvam prati hrdayasannihite iti padasyarthah heturiti padarthahetukam kavyalingam | hrdaya hrdayeti, hato hata iti latanuprasah | drutavilambitam vrttam | anena 'sama ' iti sandhyantarangamupa- - ksiptam | tallaksanam tu -- " tatra sama priyavakya sanuvrttiprakasakam " iti ) || 17 || anasuyati | 'bahavah vallabhah patnyah yesam tadrsah ("preyasi dayita kanta pranesa vallabha priya | hrdayesa pranasama prestha pranayini ca sa " iti hemacandrah ) yadva 'bahunam ' strinam 'ballabhah ' priyah iti va vigrahah | tena sarvasu patnisu tulya pritih na syat ata ucyate 'yatha ' yena prakarena 'avayoh priyasakhi ' sakuntala 'vandhu-jananam ' asmadadinam 'socaniya ' asya eva daruna-duhkhasravane sokavisaya 'na bhavati tatha ' tena prakarena 'nirvahaya ' kuru | | 104 n. - 1. uparodhena -uparodha- Disturbance, trouble. Cf. " tapovana- nivasinam uparodhah ma bhut ' - Sakuntala I. "anugrahah khalvesa noparodhah "-Vikramorvasiya III ; hence here it means 'to trouble by undue request'. Why do you make an undue request and put him into trouble ? 2. anamya &c. -para ayate asmin iti para +aya + lyut adhikarane = parayanam ; "asraye
274 - abhijnanasakuntalam - = [ 104 NOTES tatparabhiste parayana-padam viduh " iti sasvatah - Last resort. (na=na ) by ' krty acah '--(8.4.29), or para + ayanaparayana | 'natvam ' by 'purvapadat samjnayamagah ' ( 8. 3. 3). 3. hrdaya - sannihite - You are well or firmly ( sat ) placed ( nihita ) in my mind and hence in a better position to know correctly what is going in my heart. 4. samarthayase -- Think, regard. Cf. 'samarthaye yat prathamam priyam prati - Vikramorvasiya IV. 39. 'anupayuktamivatmanam samartha ' - Sakuntala VII. 5. mabireksane - madira - mattakhanjana (Com.), is + lyut karane = iksane - Two eyes ; 'madirayah ' matta khanjanasya iksane - madireksane ( 3ya tat ) ; madireksane iva iksanam yasyah = madireksane (bahuvrihi ) by the Varttika 'saptamyupamana- purvapadasya uttarapadalopasca vaktavyah - ( 2. 2. 24), on which Patanjali remarks 'saptamipurvasya upamanapurvasya ca bahubrihirvaktavyah, uttarapadasya ca lopah vaktavyah ' | Hence the uttarapada (3 n. - 3) 'iksane of the first samasa i.e. ( madireksane ) is dropped. (Or, say), madyati abhyam iti madi (harse ) + kirac [ u- 51] = madire, ( madire - madayitrni - bewitching) iksane yasyah sa | Or, madira is wine, (Madeira wine- " madira kasyamadye "A) which is extremely sparkling. In dramas, however, madira has a technical meaning - "aghurnamanamadhya ya ksama cancita-taraka | drstivikasitapanga madira tarune made " - Bharata qtd. R. "sausthavena'pari- tyakta smerapanga-manohara | vepamana'ntara drstimamdira parikirtita " || sangita-kalika 11-gtd. Hemadri on Raghuvamsha VIII. 68; Also 'isat - kampita- padmagri vivrttapatu-locana | drsti vikasita'panga madiraksikarna made || Cf. Vikramorvasiya IV. 22 ; 'madiralocana ' - Ram. V. 18.18; 'tvam madireksane ' V. 24. 35 ; V. 17. 41. 6. hato'smi hatah - I was already killed by cupid's shaft and this your unkind remark kills me again a second time. Cf. 'hatamapi nihanti eva madanah - Vairagya-Sataka 63. 7. " dagdhva punarapi dagdho nunamanango harena, tvam tanvim | drstrapi yena tisthasi nirakulah svastha - vrttena " - Kuttanimatam of Damodara Gupta 1041. bahu-vallabha rajanah &c. - An instance of aprastutaprasamsa | Anasuya indirectly says that Dusyanta has many wives. Cf. 'prayena dhaninam dara bahavah ' - Kama-Sutra (of Vatsayana) II. 4. 56. bandhujana - 'jana ' here has collective sense. 8. tatha nirvahaya ( Perform, accomplish) --Cf. the request of citralekha on behalf of 'urvasi - ' tadyatheyam me priyasakhi svargasya notkanthate tatha vayasyena kartavyam - Vikramorvasiya III. nirbartaya (R)-- - - - -
104 NOTES ] trtiyo'yuh 275 also means the same thing. Cf. 'vivahadiksam nirvartaya ' - Raghuvamsha III. 33 ; Kumara-sambhava VII. 11; Kavyadarsa 297. Text : - raja - bhadre ! ki bahuna, - sloka me | parigraha bahutve'pi ' dve pratisthe ' kulasya samudra- rasana ' corvi sakhi ca yuvayoriyam ||18|| King - Good lady, why ( say) much ? Despite the multitudes of wivest, two (only are) the main props (or glory) of my linethe earth 3 girded with oceans, and this friend of yours. (18) ubhe - jibramha (nirvrte svah ) | ( sakuntala harsam sucayati ) | Both-We are satisfied. (Sakuntala shows joy). priyamvada ( sadrstiksepam ) - anasue ! jaha eso ivo vinnaritthi ussuo mia-podao jurna madaram ansadi | ehi, samjoema nam [ anasuye ! yatha esa ito dattadrstih utsuko mrgapotako nunam mataram anvisyati | ehi, samyojayava enam ) | ( ubhe prasthite ) | Priyamvada (Casting about a glance) Anasuya ! there the little fawn anxiously casting (its) eyes hitherward, is certainly seeking its dam. Come, let us make it meet (her ). ( Both start ). V. L. - o rasana - Dr. P. B. M.Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha ' 0 vasana ' - R. V.S. '0 rasana ' - S. parigraheti | 'parigrahanam ' kalatranam ('parigrahah kalatre ca mulasvikarayorapi '- ityajayah ) | 'bahutve'pi ' adhikye'pi bahusu patnisu satisu api ityarthah | 'dve me kulasya ' vamsasya 'pratisthe ' sthitihetu gaurava hetu va ( 'pratistha gaurave sthito ' iti hai ma: ) | ke ca te dve ityata aha- 'samudrah ' udadhih 'rasana ' kanci mekhala iti yavat yasyah tadrsi 'urvi 'ca' prthivi ca ( ' sarva saha vasumati vasudhorvi vasundhara ' ityamarah ) 'yuvayoh iyam sakhi ' sakuntala | 'ca' iti (samuccaye | atra urviti lingasamyena, uyim ca stri-vyavahara- samaropat samasoktih | atuernuprasi | atra 'daksisyam ' nama nataya-laksananca uktam | | " daksinyam cestaya vaca paracittanuvartanam " iti darpanalaksanat | ilokavrttam ) ||19|| ubhe iti | 'nirvrte ' anandite svah ' bhavavah ['sakhyau -- ( saharsam ) svagatam ' ityadina etadantena pragamanam namangamupaksiptam | tallaksanam yatha darpane--- 'pragamanam vakyam syaduttarottaram ' ) | priyamvadeti | 'sadrstiksepam ' ityanena dhurtayah priyamvadayah
276 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 105 NOTES nirgamana - vyaja'nvesanam sucyate | 'yatha ' iti anumana dyotakah yena hetuna ityarthah ('yatha-sabdastu nirdistastulyayoga'numanayoh ' iti visvah ) | 'utsukah ' utkanthitah 'mrgapotakah ' harinasisuh ('potah sisau vahitre ca grhasthane ca vasasi ' iti medini | anukampayam kah ) 'samyojayavah ' matra saha militam kurvam (nirgamana-vyaja- vacanamidam | anena paryayokta namakah alankara uktah | tallaksanam yatha kavyadarsa- 'arthamistamanakhyaya saksat tasyaiva siddhaye | yat prakarantarakhyanam paryayoktam tadisyate ') || 'prasthite ' prasthatumarabdhe ( ' adikarmani ktah kartari ca ' - 3 | 4 | 71 ) | mahatyapi | 2. samudra - rasama ornament 105 n. -1. parambraha &c. - ' pari ' makalyena grhyate ' svikriyate iti pari + graha . + ap karmani ( 'graha-vr-dr- nisci- gamasca ' - 3.3.58] or 'ac ('vibhasa grahah ' - 3. 1. 143; 'pakse ac " - Siddhanta-Kaumudi ] - parigrahah = wife. Mark that the king owing to his exuberance of joy, considers Sakuntala as already wedded to him ; prati + stha + ana adhikarane = pratistha - ( satvam by 6. 3. 65 ; 103 n. 5 ) - Support, mainstay, glory. 'kulasya pratistha ityanena sakuntalameva pattamahipi krtva tajjanita putrasyaiva samrajyamapiti bhavah ' S. Cf. kalatravantam atmanam avarodhe | taya mene manasvinya laksmya ca vasudhadhipah || - Raghuvamsha I. 32. ramana = kanci, - (Raghuvamsha XVI. 65; XIX 27 ) - a kind of used by women round their waists. As the sea encircles the earth, hence secondarily the sea is called the 'rasana ' (girdle) of the earth. [ 'rasana kanci| jihvavaci tu dantya - sakaravan ' -u- 242--Bhattoji Diksita ]. But 'kanci -vaci - salayyasakaravan | jihvavaci tu vansya-sakaravan (Bhattoji Diksita) ityesa vyavastha bhuri-prayoga'bhiprayena ukta | vastutastu talavya-sakaravan rasana-sabdo'pi 'katryam ' jihvayam ca, tatha dantya - makaravan ramana - sabdo'pi advayam bodhyah - T. Kings are often described as husbands of the sea-girt earth. Hence according to H 'sagara -mekhala ' is a synonym of 'prthivi '| Cf. 'ratna'nuviddharnava mesalayah disah sapatni bhava daksinasyah - Raghuvamsha VI. 63. 'krta-sita - parityagah sa ratnakara - melalam ' - Raghuvamsha XV. 1. 'vasudhayamaveksyatam tvaya vasumatya hi nrpah kalatrinah - Raghuvamsha VIII. 83. 'sampratyeva hi samburasi- rasana jaya jayodbhutaye - Subhasitabali. 'ratnakara - bela mekhalayita - dharani ' &c. DK. 'tatah sa ratnakara - mekhalamilam ' &c. - Ibid, 'payonidhi - mesalayam '- -- --- -
105 NOTES ] trtiyo'nkah - 277 Prabodha-Candrodaya ( ' prastavana ) | 'samudra - rasana saksat pradurasit vasandhara ' --Raghuvamsha XV. 83; R reads 'vasana ' This idea, though, not so common as the previous orfe, is not at all rare. H has 'sagarambara ' as a synonym for 'prthivi ' which Kali has used in Raghuvamsha Cf. 'nidhanagarbhamiva sagara- -mbaram ' - III. 19; 'sagarambara ' - Ram. II. 97. 7. "samudra-vastramapi gam " - Buddhacharita XI, 12. 3. sabrstiksepam - Priyamvada was seeking some opportunity to go away with Anasuya ( Cf. samyojayavah ) thus providing the lovers with a free scope for conversation. Hence they went away with the pretext of uniting the dearling with its dam. Thus the winking of the eyes is full of meanings. This is 'paryayokta ' alankara -- Periphrasis. Cf. 'dasatyasau parabhrtah sahakarasya manjarim | tamah varayisyami yuvabhyam svairamasyatam | sangamayya sakhim yuna sankete tadratotsavam | nirvartayitum icchantya kayapyapasrtam tatah ' - Kavyadarsa 296-97. 'vakulavalike, eva valasoka vrksasya pallavani abhilanghayitumagacchati harinah | ehi nivarayava enam " - Mala. IV. 'niryatah sanakairalika- vacano-panyasamalijanah " - Amaru-shataka (106 n. 1) ; kuvalayanandakarika - P. 63. 'yamo vaya, na rajati vijanasthita mithuna sannidha - vaparah ' - Kuttanimatam of Damodara Gupta 1051; 'na prema navyam sahate'ntarayam ' - Biddha-sala-Bhanjika, X. 6 ; Also BrP. Ganapatikhanda. X. 60. 2 - | Text : - sakuntala --hala asarana mhi | anadara vo aacchadu ( hala asarana ''smi | anyatara yuvayoragachactu ) | Sakuntala - Friends, I am (alone) unprotected1. Do either of you2 come. ubhe (sasmitam ) - puhabie jo saranam so tuha samije battai ( prthivya yah saranam sa tava samipe vartate | (niskrante ) | Both ( Smiling ) - He who is the wolrd's help, is at your side. (Exeunt ambo). sakuntala -- kaham gavao ebva ( katham gate eva ) | Sakuntala - How now ! (They are) gone indeed ! raja -- sundari ! alamavegena ' nanjayamarasayita ' janaste sakhi bhumau ' vartate | taducyatam -
278 abhijnana- sakuntalam ki sikarah ' klama-vinodibhi 'rai-vatam vasantatilaka sajvalayami nalini-bala-talavrntam ' | (tabhajajagaga ) anivaya karamoha ! yathasukham te samvahayami " caranavata padma-tani ||10|| [ 106 NOTES King -- O fair one! don't be distressed 2. This person, the adorer of thee, is indeed here (to take ) the place of your friends 4. Then tell (me) - Shall I move ? the fans of lotus-leaf s whose breeze is cool with langour-removing water-sprays3, or O, ye with 10 tapering thighs 10 ! shall I shampooth your lotuscoppered feet soothingly placing them on (my ) lap ? ( 19 ) V. L. - ' tava samipe ' - R. V. M. S. 'te sakhibhumi ' - B. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha 'sikaramh ' - B. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha 'sitalamh ' - R. V. M. S. 'vinodibhih ' - R. V. M. S. 'virmadibhih ' - B. Dr. 'vatam ' -- B. 'vatan ' - R. V.M.S. / sancalayami ' - B. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha 'sancarayami ' - R. V. M. S. 'vrntam ' - B. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha ; 'vrntaih - R. V. M. S. - sakuntaleti | 'asarana ' asahaya ekasmityarthah | ('saranam grharaksitro gamdha-raksanayorapi ' iti medini ) | 'yuvayoh ' iti nirdhare sasthi | rajeti | 'avegena ' udvegena cintaya 'alam ' ('gamyamanapi kriya karaka- vibhaktau prayo- jika ' iti karane 3tha ) | 'nanu ' ityanunaye | 'ayam ' matsvarupah 'araghayita ' sevakah 'sakhibhumi ' sakhisthane ('bhumih ksitau sthanamatre ' iti hemah ) | atah sakhi - jana sannidhyena sambhramo ma bhut ityartham | kimiti | 'klama ' sarira-santapa 'vinodayanti ' visesena nasayanti ye taih 'klama-vinodibhih ' khedapaharakaih 'sikaramh ' ambu- karnah ( 'sikarah ambu- kanah smrta ' ityamarah ) 'ardrah sajalah 'vatah ' yasya tadrsam, 'nalinyah ' ( nalinam padmam vidyate yasyah sa nalini ), tasyah 'dalam ' padmapatram ( ' patram palasam chadanam dalam parna, chadah puman ' ityamarah ) 'eva talavrntam ' vyajanam ('vyajanam ' talavrntakam ' ityamarah | nalini - padena saugandhyam sucitam ) | tat 'sancalayami ' andolayami 'kim ' iti prasne | 'uta ' iti vikalpe ('uta prasne bitarka ca utapyartha-vikalpayoh " iti visvah ) he 'karabhoru ' karama iva vrttanu purva ityarthah ('manibandhat akanistham karasya karabho bahih ' ityamarah ) tadvat ' uru ' sakthini yasyah tatsambuddhi - ( 4|1|69 ) ; 'te ' tava 'padmamiva tamro ' alohitau 'caranau ate ' mama utsange koda़े iti yavat 'nidhaya ' samsthapya ', sukham anatikramya iti 'yathasukham ' yena prakarena tava sukham syat tatha ityarthah | 'samvahayami ' sammardanena svedam apanayami | ityevamucyatam iti purvenanvayah ("samvahanam vahane syat bharade
106 NOTES ] " trtiyo'juh 279 rangamardane " iti visvah ) || ( nalini - dalasya talavrntatva''ropa aropyamanasya prakrtopayogitve parinama iti parinamalankarah | purvottarardhayoh vikalpalankarah | tallaksanam tu -- tulya-bala-virodhe vikalpah ' iti | kavyalinga-parikara luptopama- brtyanuprasasca | vasantatilakavrttam | anena 'upanyaso ' namangamupaksiptam | tallaksanam yatha darpana --- ' upanyasah prasadanam ' | anena mala nama bhusanamupaksi- ptam | tallaksanam yatha- 'mala syad yadabhistartha naikartha- pratipadanam ' iti ) ||19 || 106 n - 1. asarana'smi &c. Cf. 'namika -haje caturike ! katham mam ekakini mujjhitva gacchasi | ceti (nayakamuddisya sasmitam ) evameka- - kini ciram bhava ' - Nagananda III. 2. anyatara - Raya-Mukuta-Mani derives this word with 'itara ', on which Bhanuji Diksita remarks "dvayo nirdharane utarac (5|3|92 ) iti mukutastu apaniniyah || The reason is that among 35 members of sarvanama (1.1.27; 213 ;) 'utara ' and 'utama ' pratyaya s occur. If 'anyatara ' were derivable with 'a', then Panini would not have mentioned 'anyatara ' separately in that list. Consequently 'anyatara ' cannot be derived with utara- pratyaya | Hence Bhattoji Diksita following Kaiyata considers it to be an 'avyutpanna ' word. 'kevalayoh samjnayah prayojanabhavat | anya- tarajjyatama-sabdo avyutpannau svabhavat dvi-bahuvisaye nirdharane vartate - 217 ; Also T on 2047 and Balamanorama on 217; Bhanuji Diksita, however, proposes to derive it with svarthe 'tarapa ' by nipatana, as Panini himself has used such 'tarap ' in 'alpaca, taram ' - (6. 2.34). "anye eva, 'alpac taram ' itivat svarthe tarap ' | purniyah saranam - The supporter of the (whole) world. Cf. 'santaptanam tvamasi saranam ' - Parsvabhyudayam & Meghaduta 7; Act. VI. 27. infra. sakhibhumau - Vide (229 n, 1. ) 3 soka haih - With water sprays Kumara-sambhava 1. 15 ; II. 52 ; Raghuvamsha V. 42 ; IX. 68 ; sikarah dantyadirayam ' iti dhanapaladayah Bhanuji Diksita 4. karabhoru - ( 4. 1, 69), karama is the outer-ridge of the hand from the wrist to the root of the little finger (metacarpus). karabha iva uru yasyah sa karabhoru - A lady whose thighs resemble the back of the forearm (l.e. taperingly round). According to C, whose thighs are tapering like the trunk of an elephant' ( karabha = = a young elephant ). Cf. ('dvirada-nasoruh ' - BK. IV. 17; Kumara-sambhava 1. 35-36 ; 'una ' comes by ' uruttara-padad aupamyem - ( 4. 1. 69 ).
280 - abhijnanasakuntalam [106 NOTES Next it is shortened in the Vocative case. Vide Raghuvamsha VI. 83; XIII. 18 ; Shishupala-badha X. 69; 45 69 5 talavrntam - Any fan (Com.. " talavrntaniladhikam " - KU. II. 35. ' manimayairiva talavantamh ' - Mricchakatika V. 13 ; 'talavrntani caparah ' - Ram. V. 18. 11 ; 'pracalita - salavanta ' &c. - Kad. P. 388. 'kamalini - dala jalardra salavrntah ' - Malati-Madhava III. 6. samvahayami - sama + vaha + nic means 'to shampoo". 'syanmardanam samvahanam - Amara-Kosa 'asithila - parirambhedam tasamvahanani ' - Uttara-rama-Charita I. 24. 7. padma-samrau (191 n. 1). 'upamanani samanyavacanah " - ( 2. 1. 55 ) - iti samasah | Red foot is a good sign. Read -- 'pani-padatalau raktau netrantara- nakhani ca | taluko'ghara-jihve ca sapta raktam prasasyate | Samudraka. Text : -- sakuntala -- manajiesu attanam abarahaissam ( na mananiyesu atmanam aparadhayisyami ) ' | (iti utthaya gantumicchati ) | Sakuntala-No. I will not make myself an offender1 towards those who deserve respect. (This said, gets up and wants to go ). Text :- samavastha | - -raja - (avastabhya ) sundari, aparinirvano ' divasah | iyanca te arya utsrjya ' kusuma-sayanam nalini-vala-kalpita-stana''varanam | [12, 18 kayamatape gamisyasi paribadha-melavarangah ||20 ) || 12, 15] || ( valadenam nivartayati ) || King - ( Holding) 0 Fair one! not yet (fully) quenched 2 (is) the day, and such is your (physical) condition. Leaving this flowery couch in which lotus-leaves serve as coverings for ( your ) bosoms, how will ( you ) go out in the sun with limbs (too) exhausted by suffering 5 ? (20) (This said, forces her to turn back). sakuntala - paurava, rakkha visayam | maaya-santata dinahu attano pahavami ( paurava, raksa vinayam | madana -santaptapi nahi atmanah prabhavami ) | Sakuntala---O Scion of Puru ! Keep to decorum. Though tormented by love, I am not mistress1 of myself. V. L. - ' aparinirvanah ' - B. M. S. S. 'nirvanah - R. V. 'samavastha 'B. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha 'sariravastha ' - R. V. S. M . ' stanavaranam ' - R. V.S. 'stanavarana ' - -B. M. 'vinayam ' - B. M. S. Dr. P.Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha 'avinayam ' - R. -
107 NOTES ! trtiyo'nkah 281 medini | - . sakuntaleti | 'na aparadhayijyami ' bhavat kara-kamalabhyam maccarana-sparsena na aparadhinam karisyami | icchanti api aparadhat bhitam iti bhavah | rajeti | 'avastabhya ' sakuntalam ghrtvarthah ('avaptabdho'vidure syadakrante cavalambite ' iti "avacca''lambana'viduryayoh - ( 8|3|68 ) iti satvam ) | he 'sundara ' ('rupa-yauvana-sampanna sundari parikirtita ' iti raghunatha - ghrtakosah | anena evamvitrayam avasthayamapi saundaryasya parityagah nasti iti darsitam ) 'divasah aparinirvana ' idanimapi anavasita | ataeva prakharatapa ityasayah | ['nirvano'vate ' (8/2/50 ) iti nistha - natvam ] | utsrjyeti | 'nalinidalaih ' padmapatraih 'kalpitam ' krtam 'stanayoh avaranam ' tapa - santyartha macchadanam yasmin ( anena tapatisayo vyajyate | ) tadrsam | 'kusuma-sayanam ' puspamayi sayyam 'utsrjya ' vihaya 'parivadhaya ' piड़ya 'pelavani ' krsa| ni durvalibhutani ityarthah ('pelavah komale tani ' iti sasvatah ) tadrsaih 'angah upalaksita ( ' itthagbhutalaksane ' ( 2|3|21 ) ; 'heto ' (2|3|23 ) iti va 3ya ) tvam 'katham ' kena prakarena 'atape ' raudre 'gamisyasi ' | svastho'pi janah avaranadina sariram anacchadya atape gantum na saktah | tvam tu prakrtya tanvangi, samprati nitaram pidita | ataste atape gamanam sutaramayuktam ityasayah | ( atra padarthahetukam kavyalingam | tadutthapita catha- pattih | sruti vrttyanuprayasayoh purvardha ekavacakanu-pravesa-laksanah sankarah | uttarardhe tu sruti-nrtyanuprasayoh samsrstih | dantyanam osthyanam ca bahunam sadbhavat | atra pelavairityatra 'paryaya ' pathitva vidha़ा sslilata - dosah samadheyah | atra heturnama natyalaksanam " hetuvakyi samasokta mistakrddhetudarsanat " iti darpana-laksanat | anena bopanyaso namangamupaksiptam | 'upapattikrtam yo'rthah upanyasastu sa smrtah ' iti bharata laksanat | iyamarya ) ||20|| sakuntaleti | 'vinaya ' siksam siksa- nivandhanam sistacaramityarthah ("vinayah siksa-pranatyoh vinaya tu balausadhi iti hemacandrah ) 'raksa ' palaya | yatah 'madanena santapta ' pida़िta ' 'api nahi atmanah prabhavami prabhu iva acarami ['sarvapratipadikebhyah kvip va vaktavyah ' (vah- 2665 ) iti kvin ] | mama sariram sarvatha gurujana - paradhinam, manmana eva tu kevalam tvayi ahitam, atah svecchaya kimapi kartum naham sakta iti bhavah | 'atmana ' ityatra sese sasthi | | 107 n. - 1. atmanam aparadhayisyami - - ap + ragh + nic + lrt syami = aparadhayisyami - Offend against either aprpos of Sakuntala's elders- - [S and M ; Cf. 'alam ' gurujana - bhayena ' - (infra) ], or of the King himself. -
282 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 107 NOTES "aparadvasmi cirakarika maharajasya " -- Vik III. 'apa + ras ' being intransitive, atma (the Nominative in the non-casual form) becomes karma (object) by "gatibuddhi " - ( 1.4.52). 2. sundari - Because even in such a stage there is no decrease in her loveliness. ['sid gauradibhyasca ' (4. 1. 41 ) iti nis | But 'sumdara pratima, pandura bhumih -- ' -according to 'supadma ' by 'pandura-sundarabhyam manusyajati ' - ( 88 n. 6 )., nirvanah - ( 86 n. 1) ; stana'varanam (Brassiere ) - Cf. 'svahastau nayati stana- varanatam ' - Mala. IV. 14. 3. parivasa-pari + badh + a bhave ('gurosca hal ' - 3.3.105) = Suffering. 'bagh ' is always Atmanepada Vide (88 n. 2). Rhas paritah . samantatbadha piड़ा yasyah sa - One who is suffering from all directions. pelavamh -- ( 23 n. 3). raksa vinayam - Have regard for decorum. R's "raksa avinayam " - means (vinaya-vigarhitacaranam niyamaya i.e. Take care of not being indecorous)-"Keep back immodesty"-Roby Datta]. It has a parallel in Kad. Cf. 'durvinite, ra avinayam - p. 723. "raksami manmatha - vipannaguno'pi manam ' - Mricchakatika 4. na atmanah prabhavami - I cannot act as a master of my ownself. prabhuh iva acarami iti prabhu + kvip + lat mi (Varttika 2665. Com. ) = prabhavami, or simply say pra + bhu + lat mi | 'pra +bhu ' means to be master of"; generally used with genitive & sometimes with dative or locative. Cf. 'yadi prabhavisyami atmanah ' - Sakuntala I. 'prabhavati nijasya kanyaka - janasya maharajah ' - Malati-Madhava IV. 'tat prabhavati anusasane devi ' - Vairagya-Sataka II 'prabhavati aryah sisyajanasya - Mala. I. Now read - " Run not before my honour &c."-Winter's Tale-IV. 3. 33-35; "It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden" &c.-Romeo and Juliet. - Act. II. 2. Text : - raja - bhiru ! alam gurujana-bhayena | drstva te vidita-dharma tatra- bhavanatra bosam grahisyati kulapatih | api ca- sloka gandharvena vivahena bahu rajarsi-kanyakah | sruyante parinitastah pitrbhiscabhinanditah || 21|| KingO timid one! away with (your) fear for (your) superior. On knowing it, the revered patriarch, who is aware of the (holy) law, will not find fault with it. Moreover - Full
108 NOTES } trtiyo'nkah 283 many a daughter of the royal-seers, is reported as wedded by the Gandharva form of marriage and (even ) gratulated' ('welcomed-Roby Datta) by (their) fathers. (21) sakuntala -- munca vava nam | bhuo bi sahijanam anumanaislam ( munca tavat mam | bhuyo'pi sakhi - janamanumanayisyami ) | Sakuntala - Do release me. I shall again attend to my friends (i.e., ask their opinion). raja -- bhavatu | moksyami | King - Well, I shall release. V. L. - 'rajarsikanyakah ' - R. V. M. S. 'atha muni-kanyakah -- B. 'abhinanditah ' -- R. V. M. S. 'anumoditah '-- B. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha rajeti | he 'bhiru ' bhayasile [' una utah - (4/1/66 ) iti una | tatah 'amvartha nadyohrasvah '- ( 7|3|108 ) iti sambuddhi hrasvah ] 'gurujanat pituh ( 'guruh pita guruviprah ' iti gadasimhah ) 'bhayena '| 'viditadharma (5|4|124 ) sruti smrtya carajna iti bhavah, 'na atra ' asmin gandharva vivahe | gandharva vivahastu sastra sammatah, pita te sastrajnah, 'atah nunam sa imam vivahamanumamsyate iti bhavah | gandharveneti | 'bahvah ' ['votogunavacanat ' (4|1|44 ) iti nis ) pracura, naika dve va 'rajarsinam kanyakah kumaryah gandharvena anyonya-ruci sampanna sastra sammanena 'vivahena ' ( ' amuro dravinadanat, gandharvah samayat mithah ' iti yajnavalkya-samhita 1|161 ) 'parinita ' uda़ाh, tadantaram 'ta ' rajasikanyakah 'pitrbhih ' vidita- vrttannaih gurujanam ' 'abhinanditah na dusita, api tu abhyanumoditah 'ca sruyante ' puranadisu | pasya pura niladhvaja-raja- kanya svaha devi vahnina gandharvaga vidhina uda pascat tatpitrapi jnatavrttantena abhinandita ca | ato naya kama- carah, ksatriyanam dharma eva | ( sloko vrttam | atra 'vivahena ' iti prakramya 'parinita ' ityabhidhanat prakrtivisayo bhagna- prakramata- dosah | sa ca "vivahitah sruyante ta " iti pathitva samadhayah | atra upavistam ' nama bhusana mupaksiptam | tallaksanam yatha darpana - " upadistam manohari vakyam sastranusarata . " ) || 21 || 1080- 1. bhiru - ( 98 n. 1 ) ; Raghuvamsha XIII. 4. fafaa-uni-farfect: dharmah yena sah viditadharma | 'anic (mamamanta ) by 'varmadanic kevalat ' - (5. 4. 12). 'anic ' comes when 'dharma ' is the last member in a bahuvrihi and is the only word without any other other word joined with it, or when the 1 st member is a single word. "kevalan
284 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 108 NOTES purvapadat parah yo dharmasabdah tadantat bahuvriheh anic syat " - "kevalat kim ? paramah svah dharmah yasya iti trivada bahuvrihau ma bhut " - Siddhanta-Kaumudi (863) i.e. in this tripada-bahubrihi 'paramah and 'svah ' these two words precede 'dharma ', hence 'anic ' canot be applied. Such uses like 'sandigdha- - sadhya-dharma ' 'parama- sva-dharma ' &c. are justified as follows - " sandigdha scasau sadhyasceti karmadharayah | ' sandigdha - sadhyah ' dharmah yasya iti karmadharaya - garbhah bahuvrihih | evanca sandigdha- sadhya sabdasya kevala- purva padatvat tatranic nirvadha iti bhava . "Balamanorama Others explain quite differently "kevalat kim ? padantarena samastat dharmasabdat ma bhut | 'muneh dharmah ' sunidharmah, 'krtah munidharmah yena sa krtamunidharmah | parama hitah dharmah yasya sah parama-hita-dharmah | yada tu trivava bahuvrihih tada nayam niyamah | tena, paramah strah dharmah yasya sa parama- sva-dharma ' Prabha. Also T on 863. 2. dosam grahisyati - Because he is versed in the Sastras and knows that this sort of marriage is sanctioned by the scriptures. graha + syati = grahisyati ; 'graho'liti dirghah ' - (7. 2. 37 ). 3. gandharvena - gandharva lud is one of the eight forms of marriages - 'brahmo daivastathaiva''rsah prajapatya svaya'surah | gandharva - raksasau vanyau paisacascastamo'dhamah - Visnu-purana III. Ch. 10. In this form of marriage, the sanction of the superiors is not necessary, the mutual consent of the lovers being sufficient. 'svam ' me patih 'svam bharyam me ityevam kanya varayoh parasparam niyama-bandhanam pitradi- kartrka-dana-nirapeksayoh vivahah sa gandharvah - Viramitrodaya Tika on Y. 1. 61; Rig-Veda X. 34. 5; Institutions in Ancient India-Ludwick Sternback; 'kati va kayayami ya svayam vrtavatyah patin ' - Kad. p. 854. "inva'nyonya-samyogat kanyayasva varasya ca | sa tu gandharvah vijneyo maithunyah kamasambhavah ' - Manu-Samhita III. 32. Oaly Ksatriyas are entitled to have this sort of marriage. "gandhatra raksapascaiva dharmom ksatrasya to smrti " - Manu-Samhita Vide Harivamsha II. 94 for gandharva marriage of 'prabhavati ' & 'pradyumna, and II 119, for that of 'u' & 'aniruddha ' | 4 anumanayisyami - I shall take counsel with my friends. anu +man (Caus. ) = "To ask the consent of". Cf. 'anumanyatam maharajah ' - Vikramorvasiya II. - Text : - sakuntala -- kava (kada ) ? Sakuntala-When ?
108 NOTES ] raja- kalabharini [ 1, 3, sasajagaga 2, 4, sabharaja ] trtiyo'nkah aparaksita - komalasya ' yavat, kusumasyeva navasya satpadena ' | adharasya pipasata ' maya te sadayam sundari ! grhyate raso'sya ||22 || ( mukhamasyah samunnamayitumicchati | sakuntala pariharati natana ) || 385 King - ( Then only) when the flavour of your lip, all unhurt ( by touch ), and tende 11, Ofair (damsel ) ! is gently sipped by (my) thirsty3 self as is done of the juice of new blossom by the hexa-ped" (drone ). ( 21 ). 1 (Attempts to lift her face up. Sakuntala gesticulates avoidance.) (nepathye ) -- cakkavaka - bahue ' ! amantehi sahaaram | ubattaa raani (cakravaka - badhuke ! amantrayasva sahacaram | upasthita rajani ) | " (In the post-scenium) O Sheldrake-bride'! bids farewell3 to (thy) mate, atrived is the night V. L. - yavat ' - R. V. M. 'tavat ' -S \'s Com. a pariksateti | he sundari, yavat ' ('yavat tavacca sakalye'vadhi mane'va- dharane ' ityamarah ) | yadavadha grhyate tadanantara moksyami iti bhava| 'patpadena ' bhramarena 'navasya ' sadyah prasphutitasya 'kusumasya iva ' bhramaram yatha kusumasya madhu yavat na pivati tavat na muncati tadvat ityarthah | 'pipasata ' cira patum icchana maya na pariksatah ' dastah iti 'apariksatah ' anasvadita - purvah 'komala ' mrduh ca | tadrsasya asya te adharasya rasah ' svadah ('raso gandharase svade ' iti visva ) 'sadaya ' san- kampam ( anena bala - lalana- kausala dhvanitam ) 'grhyate ' pivate upabhujyate ini yavat | ( slesa - vacyopama | syasye iti sudasundeti cheka - nrtyanuprasah | atra sprha nama nataghalankarah | 'akanksa- ramaniyatvadvastuno ya sprha tu sa - iti darpana - laksanat | malabharini ityaparanama kalabharini -vrttam ) | nepathya iti | he anukampite 'cakravakasya badhuke ' kamkapriye . [ 'anukampayam ' (5|3|76 ) iti kah | 'kokascakra racakravako rathanga''hvayanamaka ' ityamarah ] 'sahacaram " pumamsam 'amantrayasva ' (da़े sakuntale . vudhyantam aprcchasva iti prakrto vyangayo'rtha . 'rajani upasthita ' gautami asyameva disi agacchati ityartho'pi vyangyah ) | 'itham aprastutaprasamsa | iti yat raghavapadah uktam taccintyam | yatah aprastutena 25 yy
286 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 109 NOTES ayana prastutarthavagame eva aprastutaprasamsayah avasarah | atra sandhyayam cakravaka- mithuna-vighatitam prastutam, sandhya ca samagata | napi samasoktih | yatah prastuta varnanena'prastutavagame tasyah prasaktih, natra sakuntala dupyansa-vighatanam aprastutam | tasmat atra arthasaktimulah vastudhvanih | atra dvayartha-vacana- vinyamata ubhayapakse'pi susambaddhatvat dusyantasya'pasaranatmaka- - pradhanarthantarasucanat caturtha - patakasthanakamuktan | tathacoktam visvanathena "yatrarthe cintite'nyasmin tallingojyah prayujyate | agantukena bhavena pataka- sthanakantu tat || dvartho vacanavinyasah suslistah kavyayojitah | pradhanartha - rthantaraksepi patakasthanakam param " || dasarupakamate atra dvitiya-patakasthana- muktam | katayavema - mate iya culika | 'nepathyantarhitaih patrah culikaryasya sucanat ' iti tallaksanat ) | 109. - 1. apariksata &c. -- Vide ( 69 n. 9). natayena pariharati - Sakuntala avoids the kiss of the king. This is necessary as the rules of dramaturgy do not allow kissing on the stage. Read " dantacchedyam nakhacchedyam anyat vrida़ाkaranca yat | sayana'ghara - panadi nagaradyava- - rodhanam || snananulepane cambhi rvajito nativistarah " -- Sahitya-Darpana VI. 2. cakravaka - badhuke &c. - This hint made by the friends, is meant for Sakuntala 'ka' implies anukampa | ( Cf. 'harinakam ' - I. 10). You are certainly to be pitied as time for your separation has arrived. + ka= baghuka, 'u'of baghu is shortened by ['ke'nah ' - 7. 4. 13]; ( 22 n. 2). "ka-pratyaye pare tatpurvavartti akarah ikarah ukarasca hrasvo bhavati | jna-jnaka, kumari kumarika, baghu baghuka ' - Prabha. cakravaka is a kind of goose (Anas casarca). "The Bengalis consider its flesh to be a good medicine for fever"-M. According to poetic convention they are doomed to pass the night separated on account of an imprecation pronounced upon them by Rama whom they had taunted while he was bewailing for Sita. The following synonyms are proofs of their constancy and connubial affection. 'bhuriprema | dvandvacari | ratrivislesasami ' - Kalpa ; Vikramorvasiya IV. 20 ; Raghuvamsha VIII. 56; Parsvabhyudayam & Meghaduta 82. 3. amantrayasva - a + mantra means to 'bid farewell to'. Cf. 'latabhagini vanajyotsnam amantrayisye ' - Sakuntala IV.
110 NOTES ] trtiyo'nkah 287 'te himalayamamatrya ' - Kumara-sambhava VI. 94. Sometimes it means simply 'to say'. Vide BK. IX. 98. (111 n. 4). 4. According to Sahitya-Darpana "An equivocal arrangement of words (or a double entendre) well connected and fit for poetry-such as has an eye to third sense viz., the End, is the last (4 th patakarasthanakam ) | " cakravakabadhuke etc. is an example of this. Any 'patakasthana ' may be used anywhere without restriction. Text : -- sakuntala (karnadatva, sasambhramam ) -- pirava, asamsaam mama sarira- vuttanto- balambhassa ajja godami ivo evva aacchavi | dava vida़va-ntaribo hohi ( paurava, asamsayam mama sarira- vrttantopalambhaya ' arya gautami ita eva agacchati | tavat vitapa'ntarito bhava ) | Sakuntala (Leaning her ear; distractedly) --O Scion of Puru ! undoubtedly venerable Gautami is coming even to this direction, to have a report of my health1. Meanwhile get (yourself) concealed behind the branches. 2 raja -- tatha (atmanamavrtya tisthati ) | King - All right. (Stands hiding himself). (tatah pravisati patrahasta gotami sakhyau ca ) | (Enter Gautami with a bowl in hand and the friends). sakhyau -- ivo ido ajja godami [ ita ita arya gautami ] | Friends - This way, venerable Gautami, this way. - * gautami ( sakuntalamupetya ) - jave, [jate, api laghu-santapani te angani ] | abi lahu-sambabai ' ve angai ( iti sprsati ) | Gautami (Going up to Sakuntala)-My child, do your limbs have their sufferings3 abated3 ? (This said, touches her body). sakuntaleti | 'sasambhramam ' sabhayam | 'sarira vrttantasya upalambhaya ' samyak parijnanaya ( iti tadayem caturthi | 'upalambhastvanubhava ' ityamarah ) ( anena virodha- namangamupaksiptam | tallaksanam yatha darpane - nirodhah vyasana-praptih ' atra svabhistat cyuti reva vyasanam ) | gautamiti | 'jate ' he putri ! "laghuh ' alpah mandibhuta iti yavat 'sanpapo ' yesam tani | 'api ' iti prcchayam | - 110 n. - 1. sarira vrttanta &c. - up + labh +ghanna, bhave = upalambhah- Ascertaining. [For ' num ' - ( 37 n. 5), for '4rthi ' - ( 51 n. 1 ) ]. 2. antarita- antaram ' antarvanam karoti iti antara + nic + kta karmani - antaritah or
288 abhijnana- sakuntalam - [ 110 NOTES antaram sanjatamasya iti antara + itac (jatarthe ) - Concealed. 3. patra - hasta -- Refers to disciple's speech (supra ) - ' ' ahamapi tavat vaitanika santyudakam asyai gautamihaste visarjayisyami " - (82 n. 10). "gada़ाdeh para saptami " ( vah- 1421 ) iti hasta - sabdamya paranipatah | 4 jate Vocative case. In dramas 'jata ' (darling) is often used as all affectionate term of address for a child. Cf. 'ayi jata kathayitavyam katha ' - Uttara-rama-Charita IV. Text : -- sakuntala --ajje, atthi me viseso ' [ arya, asti me visesa ] | Sakuntala--Revered mother, there is a change1 for the better in me. gautami - imina vagbhodaena, nirabadham eva de sariram bhavissadi | [ anena darbhodakena nirabadha meva te sariram bhavisyati ] | ( sirasi sakuntalamabhyuksya ) vacche parinado diaho | ta ehi, udajam evva gacchamha ( vatse, parinati ' divasah | tadehi, utajameva gacchamah ] | ( prasthitah ) | 4 Gautami With this turf-water your body will be quite freefrom all ailments". (Sprinkling Sakuntala on the head) My child, far-spent is the day. So come; we'll go to the cottage 1. (They set out) sakuntala ( atmagatam ) -- hiaa ! padha़mam evva suhobanade manorahe kadara- bhavam na muncasi | sanusaa - vihadiassa kaham de sampadam sandabi [hrdaya ! prathamameva sukhopanate manorathe katara bhava na muncasi | sanugaya-vighatitasya katha te samprata santapah ] | ( padantare sthitva, prakasam ) ladavalaa ! sandaba-haraa ! amantemi tumam bhuo bi paribhoassa [latavalaya ' | santapa- haraka ! amantrayam tva bhuyo'pi paribhogaya ] | ( iti duhkhena niskranta sakuntala sahetarabhih ) | | Sakuntala (To herself) Oh my heart ! even at first, at the ready presence of (thy) desired object. (Thou) didst not give up (thy) shyness. Regretfully' separated', why is now this thy fever ? (After a few steps, stopping - Aloud ) O bower of creepers 8 ! the soother of (my) suffering ! (I) bid you farewell, yet (hoping ) again to enjoy (thee). (Exit Sakuntala sorrowfully along with others).
111 NOTES ] trtiyo'nkah 289 sakuntaleti | 'visesah ' purva santapat kincidvaisamyam, svalpa upasama ityarthah | gautamiti | 'darbhena ksiptam ' tadrsam 'udakam ' darbhodakam (uttara- -para-lopi karmadharayah ) tena | 'nirgata abadha ' piड़ा yasmat pida़ाrahitam 'abhyuksya ' santi - jala-secanam krtva | tatprakarastu - " uttanenaiva hastena proksanam samudahrtam | nyancavabhyuksanam proktam tirascavoksanam smrtam " iti || 'pari- natah ' avasana - nakatyam praptah ( adi - karmani ktah ) | sakuntaleti | | 'manorathe ' manorathasya visayibhute dusyante 'sukhena ' duti sampresanadyanusthana'bhavat anayasena 'upanate ' svayamupasthite sati 'katarabhava ' bhorutvam 'naiva muncasi ' (evakaro bhinna kramah ] | 'anusayena ' pascattapena 'saha vighatitasya ' viyojitasya 'te santapah ' adhuna 'katham sampratam ' ucitam ['sampratamucite'dhuna ' iti yadavah ] yadva 'sampratam ' idani 'katham ' kimartha te santapah | he 'latavalaya ' nikunja ! pakse tadantarala -sthita- dusyanta ! he ' santapaharaka ' ! ekatra chaya - pradanat anyatra sambhoga''sa-jananat ityarthah | ' sambhogaya ' [tadarthye caturthi ] 'amantraye ' ahva -yami | [ anena manoratha - nama bhusanamupaksiptam | tallaksanam yatha - "manorathastu vyajena vivaksita-nivedanam " iti | akasmadeva dusyantasya gunavadartha - sampatteh paramapriti-karanacca atra prathama-patakasthanakamuktam | tallaksanam yatha darpane-- sahasaivartha sampatih gunavatyupacaratah | patakasthanakamidam prathamam parikirtitam " ) | - 111 n. - 1. asti visesah -- 'visesa ' is a change for the better as opposed to 'vikara ' a change for the worse. Cf. 'asti me idanim visesah ' Mala. IV ; 'astitatasya viseso na veti ' - Harshacharita V. parinatah - ' About to end', 'drawing to its close'. utaja - 'utah ' = Leaf ; 'utah trna-parnadih " iti desikosah | utat jayate, 'pancamyamajati ' iti da: - ( 3. 2.98) 2. sukhopanate - Cf. 'yad upanatam duhkham sukham tat ' - Vikramorvasiya III ; Sakuntala Act V, after. S 1 19. 3. sanusaya &c. - anu + si + ac bhave - ( 3. 3. 56 ). or, 'gha' karane ( ' pusi samjnayam ghah prayena '-- 3.3.1181)] - anu sayah ( pascattapah ) == Regret-(Mallinatha on Shishupala-badha III. 14). vi + ghat (to join ) + nic + kta karmani vighatitam - Discharged, hence separated sanusaya ( repentant) may also betaken as an independent word addressed to the bower ( latavalaya ), and 'vighatitasya ' will then be an attribute of "te " | sampratam - Either 'now' or 'proper'. (Com.) 4. latabalaya &c. - This is meant for both Gautami, & the king who is concealed among the 'latavalaya ' which is 'santapaharaka ', because -
290 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 111 NOTES it allays the heat of the sun ( atapa santapa ), while the king is so called because he removes the pangs of love ( madana -santapa ) | (Vide Com. ). For a similar scene. Cf. " mataramanugacchanti kumari, - 'rajahamsa- kula-tilaka ! ke livane madantikopagatam bhavantamakanda evam visrjya maya jananyanu- gamanam kriyate, tadanenabhavanmanorago'nyatha ma bhuta ' iti maralamiva kumaramuddisya vadanti punah punah paravrtta - dinanayana nijamandiramagat " - DK paribhogaya - Raghuvamsha XIX. 21; 28; 30; [for 4rthi - 51 n. 1.] amantraye - ' Invite' or 'bid farewell to ' - ( Vide ganadarpana - page 128) ; 'tamamantrya jagama ' - Maha. 'amantrayeta tan prahvan ' -- BK. XIX. 7 ; IX. 98. Text : - raja ( purvasthanamupetya | sanihsvasam ) - aho vighnavatyah ' prayita'yam siddhayah | maya hi- malabharini (1, 3, sasajagaga 2, 4, sabhaja ] mahuranga li-samvrta'dharostha, ', pratisedha'ksara viklava'bhiramam ' | - mukhamamsa - virvata paksmalaksyah ' kathamapyunamitam na cumbitam tu || 23 || kva na khalu samprati gacchami | athava, ihaiva priya-paribhukta-mukte ' lata- valaye muhurta sthasyami | ( sarvato'valokya ) sardulavikrida़िta tasyah puspamayi sarira lulita ' sayya silayamiyam klanto ' manmatha - lekha esa nalino patre narkha rarpitah | ( masajasatataga ) hastadbhra stamidam visa''bharana ' "mityasajjamanamksano " nirgantu m sahasa na vetasa - grhaviso'smi sunyadapi || 24 || King (Coming up to the former place and sighing)-Ah! how full1 of obstacles' is the accomplishment of the desired objects2. For - By me, the faces of that lovely eye-lashed-eyed (maiden ) 8, the lower lips wherein wascovered with (her) fingerss, and which was a little flurried when (uttering) the syllables of denial (and hence looked extremely ) beautiful', and which 5 (face) was turned repeatedly towards the shoulder 5-was indeed raised somehow, but not kissed ( 23 ). Where indeed will (I) go now? Or, I'll tarry here for a while, in this creeper-arbour, ( once ) 7 occupied but ( now) deserted 7 by my beloved. (Looking all around).
112 NOTES ] trtiyo'nkah 291 Here on this stone-slab, is her flowery couch, crushed 8 down by her body. This is the faded billet-doux, committed to the lotus-leaf with nails. This is an ornament 10 of the lotus-stalk, 10 slipped down from (her) hand. With11 my eyes thus rivetted ( on these ), 1 1 I cannot 2 tear myself away from ( this ) house of canes all at once though ( it is quite ) empty (24). V. L. - ' cumbitam tu ' - D. 'paribhuktamukte ' - R. V. M. S. 'asajyamana ' - R. V. M. S. 'sakto'smi '- M. I C. B. M. R. S., 'cumbitam tat - V. 'parimukte ' - B. 'asajjamana ' - B. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha 'isorjasma ' - B. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha ; 'saknomi ' - R. V. S. - - -- rajeti | 'aho ' 'aho ' iti visade | 'prarthitasya ' akana ksitasya 'arthasya ' vastunah 'siddhayah ' praptayah 'vighnavatyah ' vighna-bahulah | tadeva vaksyamanodaharanena spastayati | muhuriti | 'paksmani ' netra-lomani ( ' paksma sutradi suksmamse kinjalke naitra- lomani ' iti visvah ) santi anayo iti 'paksmale prasasta loma-yukte ["midhmadibhyasca " - ( 5/2/87 ) - iti lac ] 'aksini ' yasyah 'paksamalaksmi ' [ sac - ( 5|4|113 ) ; nis - ( 4|1|41 ) ] tasyah sakuntalayah iti 'adha- rostham ' ('otvosthayoh samame, va -- 27 - iti paksikam para-rupatvam | 'dvandvasca trani surya-senanganam ' - ( 22412 ) iti ekavadbhavah napusakatvam ca ) yasmin nadrsam | 'pratisedhasya ' cumbana nisedhasya 'aksara ma malam ityakaraih varnah ( " aksaram brahma-varnayoh " iti visvah ) "viklavam ' vyakulam ataeva 'abhirama ' ramaniyam ('abhiramam ramaniyam saumyanca sundaram ' iti dhananjayah ), padva 'pratisedha'- narasya yat viklavam ' aspastoccaranam tena 'abhiramam ("viklava -sabdah dharmaparah " iti raghavapadah ) 'muhuh punah punah 'ase ' skandhopari ('amsah skandhe vibhage syat ' iti hai ma: ) cumbana - parijihirsaya 'vitrartate ' paravartate iti 'amsa-vivati mukham kathamapi ' mahata krcchrene 'unnamitam urdhvakrta 'na tu cumbitam ' tacca cumbanam gotamya - gamanena pratiruddham | ['tu ' iti pascattape | ['tu ' iti pascattape | tena tavanmatra - cumbana-labhenapi krtakrtyata syaditi dhvanyatam | arthantaranyasah | svabhavoktisca | bhuti-vrttyanuprasau | kathamapityasyartha prati visesana-trayarthasya hetutvopadanat kavyalingam | 'avaro- lam ' iti punaruktavadabhaso'lankarah | kalabharini ityaparanama malabharini vrttam | aupacchandasikam ityasya namantaram | atra pascattapo nama natya- kara upaksiptah | tallaksanam yatha darpane - " mohavadhiritarthasya pascattapah sa eva tu " ) ||23 || kveti | adi 'paribhukta ' pascat 'muktam ' iti 'paribhukta- muktam ' tasmin ( ' purvakalamka - ( 2|1|29 ) iti snatanuliptavata samasah ) | --
292 abhijnana- sakuntalam [ 112 NOTES "muhurtam iti atyantasamyoge sya | tasya iti | tasya iti sarvatra sambadhyate ] | 'tasyah ' sakuntalayah 'sarirena ' ananga-santapta- dehena 'lulita ' vimadata ('lula vimardane ' iti vopadevah | 'sautra-dhaturayam ' iti durgadasah ) idastatah ksipta ityarthah | 'silaya ' prastaropari 'iyam ' drsyamana 'puspamayi ' natu pallavamayi ' tesam tato'pi mrdutvat | ' sayya ' ('samjnayam samaja - ' ( 3|3|99 ) iti kyap | 'ayana yi - ' ( 7|4|22 ) iti si - dhatoh ikarasthane ay-sabdadesah ) | tasyah 'nakhaih ' (6|3|75 ) kararuhaih ' ' arpita ' nyastaksarah 'nalini - patre ', padmaparne esah klantah ' suskaprayah 'ataeva gautamya na parilaksitah ) 'manmatha - lekhah ' premalipih | tasya hastat bhrasta ' vigalitamidam 'visa''bharanam ' mrnala valayam 'iti ' ityam 'a' samantat 'sajjamane ' lagne 'iksane ' nayane yasya tathoktah aham 'sunyadapih sakuntalaya virahita- dapi 'vetasa - grhat ' vanjula-vestitat nikunjat 'sahasa ' 'nirgantu ' bahi yatu m 'na iso'smi ' na sakto'smi | [ hetvanuprasau | atra nirgamana - karane sunyatve sati ya stadabhavah sa visesoktih | athaca tadsadbhavasya karanasya'bhave'pi gamana'bhavah tatkaryamuktam iti vibhavana | asunyat ka katha sunyadapi ityarthasya''patanat- arthapattisca | sardulavikrida़िtam vrttam | asya turya caranena puspam namanga- mupaksiptam | tallaksanam yatha darpane - 'puspam ' visesa - vacanam matam ' ) ||24|| 112 n.-1. vighnavatyah -- (76 n. 4. end ). vighna + matup + bhumarthe [1894]; 'ma' = 'va' ( 8.3.9.). Hence 'vighnavati in the feminine gender. -(Full of obstacles). Cf. 'sreyamsi bahuvighnani ' | The idea contained in 'aho vighnavatyah - &c. is supported by the next Sloka. 2. mahah - R connects it with'anga ुli-samvrta'dharostham ' i.e. again and again covering the lips with her fingers. But our idea is this that when Sakuntala 's face was raised (III. 21 et seq) for kissing, she covered her face with fingers, and with a view to avoiding the persistent kiss of the king ( natacena pariharati ), she turned her face sometimes to the right and sometimes to the left, so we think ( muhuh ) should go with 'amsavivarti ' | [' bahulam abhiksnye - ( 3. 2. 81 ) iti ninih ] | 'muhuh ' iti sarvatra sambadhyate - Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha 3. adharostha - Optionally 'adharostham ' - (Com.) 'samasa iti kim ? tistha devadattostham pasya ' - Kasika (Vrtti) - ( 26 n. 6). Or, to avoid tautology, explain 'adharah ' (anurdhvah ) osthah = adharosthah = Lower lip. 'adharastu puman osthe, hine'nurdhvam ca vacyavat - Medini. For somewhat similar idea, Cf. 'yanmudha़ेna -
112 NOTES ] dvitiyo'nkah --- 293 maya tada kathamapi prapto grhitva ciram &c. - Rat. III. I. 4. pratisedhara &c. - 'pratisedha'ksara ' means words of prohibition, i.e. "na mamadharam cumbaniyam " [unnamaniyam ] - My lips must not be kissed"-$ & c. ('alama, alam ma iti prabhrtibhih ' - By such expressions as "enough, enough", "don't" - K ] " mama manada, maiti mamalamiti &c. " -- Amaru-shataka 36; Also 'hammira mahakavyam ' - 7 / 111. 'aksara ' may be explained as asylla - -ble or a letter. viklava (i) Powerless or (ii) Confusion (vaiklavyam ) - R. For different sense, Cf. 'prasthana - viklava ' - (V. I= Faltering); 'nirakarana- viklavayah - - (VI. 9 - Distressed) ; 'mrgaya - viklava ' ( II. 3 = Averse to). amsa-vita = tiryakkrtam - ( C ) ie turned on one side. It may also mean 'Revolving on the shoulders" - M. Cf. 'cumbane viparivartitagharam hastarodhi rasana - vighattane &c. Raghuvamsha XIX 27 5. paksmalaksyah Of one who has eyes with beautiful eyelashes'.-S. The epithet is significant. 'anena cumbanarthamunnamane yogyata dhvanita ' - R. kayamapi - With great diffi -culty; (Parsvabhyudayam&Meghaduta 2). 6. tu - Signifies remorse - ( pascattapa ) - R. The idea is I would have considered myself fortunate even if I had but a kiss and nothing else. (Com. ). Cf. the idea with 'hastam - - - - kampayate runaddhi ragana vyapara lolanga ुlih ' &c. - Mala. IV. 15. 7. puspamayi - Full of flowers. Cf. Ram. VI. 22. 19. ( ' mayat is used here in the sense of "abundance" (pracurya ) by 'tatprakrta vacane mayat ' - (5.4. 21 ), ( and not in the sense of ( vikara ) - "apupamayamiti | pracuro'pupa ityarthah | yavagumayiti | pracura yavagurityarthah " - Balamanorama ) . lulita -Pressed down (Com.) Cf. 'curnavabhruh lulita- srugakulam " - Raghuvamsha XIX. 25. 8. asajjamaneksana - a + sasj ( gatau ) + sanac = amajjamana == - Rivetted. Cf. 'vaca samsajjamanaya - Ram. II. 90.14; 'sajja ', though Parasmaipada , is frequently used in Atmanepada by ancient writers. Read "sasju (sajja ) gatau | sajjati | ayam atmanepadi api | sajjate " Siddhanta-Kaumudi 2291. 'hetumati ca ( 3|1|26 ) ityatra " yadabhiprayesu sajjate " iti bhasya-prayogat ayamatmanepadi api | ato asyatmanepadam dusayanto vardhamana- ksirasvamyadaya eva dustah ' - Vidyanidhi " kona khalvesa nivasane me sajjate " - Sakuntala IV ; " vaco'pi paruvaksaram na ca padesu samsajjate " - Sakuntala V. qtd. DD in ' dhatudipika ' | Vide 195 n. - Remark. - ('sajjate iti
294 abhijnana- sakuntalam [ 112 NOTES bhasyakara-vacanadatmanepadam iti dhatupradipah- Manorama. ' iti matva na sajjate - Gita. III. 28, 29. 'katham na sajjate sukhesu raja ' - Ram. IV. 33. 57. Text : (akase ) bho rajan ! BT sayantane ' savana-karmani ' sampravrtte vasantatilaka 3 vedi hutasanavarti paritah prakirnah | (tabhajajagaga ) chaya 'scaranti bahudha bhayamadadhanah ' sandhya payoda - kapisah pisitasananam ' ||25|| ( In the air ) - 0 king, the vespertine 2 sacrificial - rite 2 being fairly begun 3, the shadowy 5 (figure) of the cannibals 8, brown ? as evening clouds, 7 scattered all around the altar with its (sacred ) fire ( kindled ) -- are stalking about inspiring consternation in various ways. (25) raja (akarnya savastambham ) - bho bhostapasvinah ! ma bhaista ' | ma bhamsta | ayamahamagata eva | (niskrantah ) | | King ( Listening, proudly ) - Ho ! Ho ! Ye hermits! fearl not. Fear not. Here I am coming. (This said, goes out ). trtiyo'nkah (Third Act) V. L. - ' prakirna ' :- B.M. R's Com. 'vistirnah ' S. 'prayasta ' - R. V. S. ' sandhyapayoda ' - R. V. M. S.. B. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha 'ayamaham ' - B. Dr. R. S. Others - " agacchami " | 'sandhyakuta ' - B. 'bho bho ' &c. Only 'ayamayam ' - M. 'agatah ' - B. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha sayantana iti | sayam bhavam iti 'sayantanam ' - - ( 4|3|23 ) tasmin sandhyakaline (" yavajjivamagnihotram juhoti yadagnaye ca prajapataye ca sayam prata- rjuhoti ' iti sruteh sayantana iti ) 'savana - karmani ' ("savanam tvadhvare snane somanirda- lane'pi ca ' iti medini ) 'sam ' samyak 'pravrtte ' pracalite, na tu kevalam karmarambhe (bhave 7mi ) 'hutasanavatim ' agni- sanatham 'vedi ' paritah vedyah samantatah sarvasu diksu ti yavat ( ' samantatastu paritah sarvato visvagityapi " ityamarah ) 'prakirna ' itastatah
113 NOTES ] trtiyo'nkah 295 viksiptah 'samdhya - payodah ' sayamkalina - megha iva 'kapisah ' syavah krsna pitavarnah ('syavah syat kapisa ' ityamarah ) 'pisitam mamsa (pisitam mamsa, pisita mamsika ' iti hai ma : ) 'asanam ' yesam tadrsanam 'chaya ' laksanaya chayamayyah akrtayah, prativimbasya sarvatha krsnavarnatvat | 'bahudha ' bahu-prakarena 'bhayam adadhanah ' bhitim utpadayantah 'caranti ' itastatah bhramanti ( paripreti pisapisiti cheka-vrtti srutyanuprasah | upamaca | 'hutasanavatim ' ityanena chaya-darsana-sambhava uktah | ato napustarthatva- dosah | vasantatilaka vrttam | atrapi bhayanako rasah ) || (25 ) || rajeti | avastambhena saha iti 'savastambham ' aujitvena saha | sagarvamityarthah | ('stabhi stambhe ' | ' stambhu rodhane ' (sautrah ) va | 'avacca''lambana'viduryayoh '- (8/3/68 ; 2273 ) iti patvam ) | ' ayamaham agatah eva turnamahamagami- pyami ityatra " adikarmani nistha vaktavya ", (vah - 3052 ) iti bhavisya- darthadyotakah kta pratyayah ) | - || iti gautama - sri ramendramohana vasu-viracitayamabhijnana- sakuntala-tikayam kumara- santosinyam trtiyo'nkah samaptah || - - 113 n. - 1. akase - ( 136. 1 & 82 n. 6) sayamtane sayam bhavam iti sayam +'tyu ' or 'tyul ', also 'tut ' by 'sayam ciram prahne - prage 'vyayebhyah taghu-tyulau, tut ca ' -4.3.23; (tit = 1.3.7; lit - 1.3.3 ; yu = an ' - 7.1.1 ). So also "cirantana ", "sanatana ", 'sadatana ', 'puratana ' 'adyatana ', 'dosatana ' &c. The feminine form is 'sayantani ' by 'tildhan ' - (4.1.15). 2. sampravrtte -- Progressing well. ( 25 n. 1). Generally the demons come to the place of sacrifice when the rites have progressed well and the smokes can be seen from afar. Cf. 'daksinyadiptam krtamatvijinah tat yatudhanah cicite prasarpat ' -- BK. II. 29. hutasanavarti -- asnati iti asanah, nandyaditvat lyuh - ( 3. 1. 134 ). Next 'hutasya asanah ' hutasanah ( 6sthi tat ) = Fire, that eats what is poured as an oblation, or hutam ( - havih- bhave ktah ) asanam yasya sah | Next matup | hutam asnati yah sah, will give 'hutasah with ' 'an ' by 'karmanyan ' - ( 3. 2. 1) ; bahudha - By howling or by pelting (bones) &c.-Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha R connects it with caranti - Repeatedly moving ( anekavaram gatagatam kurvanti ) | 4. sandhya &c. -- kapisah - " Ape-coloured "M. "Brown or yellowish black."
296 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 113 NOTES "kapi varnavisesah | so'syati | lomaditvat ( 5. 2. 100.) sah " | 'kapih markatah | tadvarnatvaditi va *** krsna - pitasya dve " - Bhoja D. chayah - Shadowy figures. Time-analysis of Act. III.-In the last act we have seen the king starting for the hermitage of Kanva to fight against the Raksasas, but his mere presence accompanied by the twang of his bow string-was sufficient to dispel them. Still at least one day he must have lived there. After this we find both Sakuntala ['stana- nyastosiram prasithilamrnalaikavalayam ' &c, also 'ksama-ksama- kapolamananamurah ' &c.] and our king [' idamasisirairantastapat ' - &c. ' also ' ' nanu sa rajarsih prajagarakrsah laksyate '] much emaciated and reduced in health [ Cf. his present health with 'giricara iva nagah pranasaram birbhata - 11.4] At least two weeks may be supposed to have passed before the pangs of love could have produced such a remarkable change in their persons. The summer season is continued even in this act ('na tu grismasyaivam subhagamaparaddham yuvatisu '; 'kimayama tapadosah '; 'divasa ivabhrasyamah tapatyaye ' ) | The act begins in the noon tide (Cf. 'imam ugratapavela ' &c. and the amorous affair of the king and Sakuntala continues till afternoon. ('raja -- sundari ! aparinirvano divasah '), and ends in the evening (Cf. vatse, parinato divasah ; upasthita rajani ' ; 'sayantane savanakarmani ' &c.).