Chapter 2 - Dvitiya-anka (dvitiyo'nkah)

dvitiyo'nka . Text - (tatah pravisati visanno vidusakah ) (Enter Vidusaka in a melancholy mood.) vidusakah ( nisvasya ) - bho vittha | ekssa maaa-silassa ranno vaassa- bhavena nibvinno mhi [ bho distam | etasya mrgaya - gilasya rajno vayasya- bhavena ' nirvinno'smi ]| ayam mao, ayam varaho, ayam saha lotti majjhane bi gimha-virala-paava-uchaasu vana-raisu ahindiavi (aya mrga, ayam varahah ayam sardula iti madhyahne api grisma-virala - padapa-cchayasu vanarajisu ahindaghate ' ) | pasa- samkara- kasaai kaduai giri-nai-jalai pianti [ patra-sakara kapayani ' 'katukani giri-nadi jalani piyante ] | anibhava- belam sulla-mamsa-bhuitthi aharo anhoadi ] ( aniyata velam sulya-mamsa-bhumistha aharo bhujyate ) | turaga-nu- dhavana - kandada-sandhino ratimmi bi me nikamam saidavvam natthi [ turaganudhavana- kandita -sandheh ratravapi me nikama ' sayitavya nasti | tado mahante evva paccame basie- purtoha sauni luddhaehim vana-ggahana- kolahalena pada़िbodhido mhi (tana mahati evam pratyuse dasya . putram sakuni lubdhakam vana- grahana - kolahalena pratibodhi- no'smi ) | ettaena danimpi poda़ा na nikkarmadi ( iyata idanimapi pida़ा na niskramati ) | tado gandassa ubari pindao samvrtto (gato gandasya upari pindaka . 10 samvrttah ) | hio kila amhesu ohinesu tattahodo maanusarena assama-padam pavitthassa tabasa-kannaa saundala nama mama adhangavae damsida [hyah kila asmasu avahinesu natrabhavato mrganusarena asrama padam pravistamya napama-kanyaka sakuntala nama mama adhanyataya "darsita ] | sampadam naara-gamanassa manam kahampi na karedi [sampratam nagara- gamanaya manah kathamapi na karoti ) | evvam cinnaantassa mem pahava acchisu raani ) [ evam cintayata me prabhata aksnoh rajani ] ( ka gavi | java nam kidacara- paड़िkamma pekkhami [ ka gatih | yavadenam krtacara pratikarmanam prekse ] | ( pari kramyavalokya ca ] eso banasana-hatyahim javanihi vana- puppha-mala trarinihi 'padibubo ido evva aacchavi pia-vaasso [ epa vanamana- hastabhih yavanibhih 1

54 NOTES } dvitiyogah 139 bana - puspa mala - dharinibhih parivrta ina eva agacchati priya vayasyah ) || hovu | anga bhanga-vimalo vibha bhavia cittisam jai evvampi jama vissamam laheam ( bhavatu, anga bhanga - vikala iva bhutva sthasyami, yadi evamapi nama visramam labheya ) | ( iti dandakasthamavalambya sthitah ) | Viduusaka (Sighing )-0 (my evil) luck. I am 'worn out by' the companionship' of this sport-loving king. "Here's a deer". "There's a hog", "Yonder's a tiger", in this way we have to roam' even in the noon-tide through long forest-tracts, with summer-thinned tree-shades. The waters of the mountain rivulets, *brown owing to the admixture of leaves, s (and hence ) bitter, are drunk. Meals, 5 mostly (comprised) of spit-roast meats", are swallowed at irregular hours. With my joints all bruised by pursuing (the king) on horse-back, there is not sufficient 7 sleep even at night. Then I am awakened, even at the earliest dawn, by the rascally bird-catchers, with their (wild ) halloo of taking a forest. With all these, even now my troubles do not come to an end. A (fresh) boil has formed on the top of the abscess". Indeed yesterday when we were lagging behind, His Majesty entering the region of the hermitage in pursuit of a deer, was shown by my ill luck, 11 the hermit's little daughter named Sakuntala. Now (he) does not think of returning to the city at all. Even as I was musing thus, night passed away (and) the dawn broke upon my eyes. What is to be done? I will just see him when 2 he has finished his usual (morning) duties and decorations. 12 (Turning and looking about ) Here is coming, my dear friend, in this very direction, surrounded by bow-handed Yavana girls, wearing wreathes of wild flowers. Very well, pretending to be palsy-crippled I will stand (here), if even thus I may get (some) respite. (This said, stands leaning on his wooden staff). - ' V. L.. 'bistam ' -B.M. 'drstam ' - R. V. 'vrtam ' - S. atavito'tavim ) S. M. 'natavito'tavi ' B. R. V; Gomits it. 'katukani ' - R. V. M. B. 'kadusnani - S. R's Com. 'evameva cintayatah me prabhata aknoh rajani ' - B. P. Ryder. 'adyapi tasya tameva cintayantah amnoh prabhatamasit ' - R. V. M. S. 'sakuni ' - B. R. V.M. 'svanani ' - A. 'svanana ' - S. 'pindakah ' -. R. B. V. 'pindika ' -M. 'pitaka ' - S 'nagara -jamanaya manah kathamapi - R. B. M.V. "nagaragamanasya

140 abhijnata-sakuntalama [ 54 NOTES kathamapi ' - S. 'krtacaraparikarmanam '- M.'krtacarapratikarmanam ' - S. 'krtacara- parikramam ' -- Rig-Veda 'krtadaraparigraham ' -- B. 'krtacaraparigraham - Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha " - tata iti | [ vidusaka-laksanam tu sudhakare -- " vikrta'nga-vaco varsah hasyakari vidusakah " | 'vayasyaka catuvatuh sa eva ca vidusakah | antahpuracari rajnam narmo'- matyah prakirtitah || iti sagaro'pi tallaksanam jagada ] | [ asya prakrtam pathyam | tatha coktam-- ' vi saka- vitadinam pathdham tu prakrtam bhavet ' iti ) | 'visannah ' - khinna iva pratiyamanah | visannatve heturvaksyamanah | (sadiraprateh - 8 | 3|66 iti satvam ) | vidusaka iti | 'bho ' iti visadam sucayati ('bhostu sambodhana- visadayoh ' iti medini ) 'distam ' durbhagyam | etena sva-bhagyam vidusakena nindyate | ' mrgaya - silasya ' ( 3 | 3|10 ) akheta -samasaktasya | vayasa tulyah iti vayasyah ( yat - 4 |4|11 ; 'vayasyah snigdhah savayah ' ityamarah ), tasya bhavah tena, sakhitvena sohardena iti yavat | 'nirvinnah ' atyartha klesitah | 'grismena ' atapena 'virala ' patranam patanena svalpa 'padapasya chaya ' anatapah yasu tadrsisu 'vananam rajisu srenisu ['vithyali-ravali- pamkti - sreni lekhastu rajayah ' ityamarah ] | 'ahindayate ' bhramyate | (hidi gatya -- nadarayoh iti gatarthatvat bhave lat ) | 'patranam ' vrksebhyah galitanam parnanam 'sankarena ' vyatikarena misranena iti yavat | 'kasayani ' alohitani ('kasayo rasabhede syadangarage vilepane | niryase ca kasayo'tha surabhi lohite'nyavat ' iti visvah ) | ataeva 'katukani visvadani 'giri-nadinam ' giri-prasravananam 'jalani piyante ' | 'sulyam ' sule samskrtam ('sulakrtam bhatitram ca sulyam ityamarah | 'kavav ' iti parasya-bhasa ) | yat 'masa ' tena 'bhuyisthah ' bahulah 'aharah ' odanah, 'aniyata ' anirdharita 'vela ' samayah ('vela kale ca simayam ' iti medini ) yasmin karmani tat yatha syat tatha arthat kadacit madhyahne, kadacit va sayahne, kadacidva purvahna 'bhujyate ' | anena cirabhyasta bhojana'bhavat mahaduhkham sucitam | 'turagena ' asvena yat anudhavanam rajnah pascadgamanam tena 'kanditah ' kuttitah jatavyatha iti yavat, 'sandhaya .' 'sandhaya ' pratyanga-samyoga-sthalani yasya tadrsasyah 'me ' ('krtyanam kartari va 2|3|71 iti sasthi ) | ' ratravapi ' na tu divamba kevalam 'nikamam ' paryaptam ('kamam prakamam paryaptam nikamestam yathepsitam ' ityamarah ) 'sayitavyam ' sayanam ('krdabhihito bhavo dravyavat prakasate ' iti nyayat ) 'nasti ' | 'dasyah putrah ' tasya udvega dayitvat gali-pradanametat | nindarhah ityarthah ( ' putre'- nyatarasyam ' - (6|3|23 ) iti kutsaya sasthya alugbhavah paksikah ) | 'sakunayah ' tittira-kukkuta prabhrti-paksinah ', yesam uccaih uddayane samarthya nasti tesam na tu asmadrsah simha- vyaghra-prabhrti - brhajjantunam 'lubdhakah ' ghatakah vyadha, stamh | ,

S 4 NOTES ] dvitiyogah 141 ( ato 'vanagrahane paksinam ghataka ye janastesam ka upayoga iti nipunam nirupyapi na nirnitam, tat kolahalasca paksinamutpatana- hetuh, atah paksimrgayartha kolahalasya nopayoga ityasamka parasta ') 'vanagrahanasya ' vana - rodhanasya 'kolahalah ' ravah (' (' kala- kalah kolahalastumuloh vyakulo rava ' iti halayudhah ) | tena 'pratibodhito ' jagaritah | ato nrpasya mamtri vidusakasya pana - bhojana-sayana - viharanadisu kutrapi na sukhakari | 'idanim ' iti vakya-bhusayam 'iyata api ' etat parimana klasam datva api pida़ा 'na niskramati ' na'pagacchati | 'gandasya ' sphotakasya 'upari pindakah ' nitantapida़ाkarah visphotakah 'samvrttah ' jatah, ekasmin vyasana vyasanantaram upasthitam iti hrdayam | tadeva spastayati | 'hyah purvasmin divase 'asmasu avahinesu ' rasah ativegena gamanat tasya pascat sthitesu 'mrganu- sarena ' mrgamanusrtya ityarthah ('prakrtyadibhyascopasamkhyanam ' iti 3ya ) 'asrama- padam ' tapovana-bhumi ' ' pravistasya tatrabhavato ' dusyantasya (vivaksaya caturthisthane sasthi ) 'mama adhanyataya ' durbhagyena kartra 'darsita ' | 'sampratam ' sakuntalam samviksya 'kathamapi ' mahata prayatnena'pi 'nagaragamanasya ' nagaragamanaya ('catursya sasthi ' iti prakrte caturthisthane sasthi ) 'mano na karoti ' sarvathaiva anicchuka ityarthah | 'evameva ' anena prakarena 'cintayatah ' svakiya- duradrsta vibhavayatah 'me aksnoh misatoh eva nayanayoh ('yasya ca bhavena bhavalaksanam ' (2|3|37 ), yadva sasthi canadare ' (2|3|38 ) iti saptami ) | 'ka gatih ' ka upayah ( " gatih stri marga - dasayorjnane yatrabhyupayayo " riti medini ) sva- duradrsta-pariharane asamartha vayamityarthah | 'krtam ' sampaditam 'acara ' pratah krtyadi 'pratikarma ca ' prasadhananca ('pratikarma prasadhanam ' iti mallinathadhrtascamarah ) yena tathavidham | 'vanapuspana mala ' srajah 'dharayanti ' yah tabhih, 'vanah ' sara asyante ksipyante anena iti 'vanasanam ' ghanah haste yasam tabhih ("praharanarthebhyah pare nistha-saptamyau " --vah ( 2/2/37 ) iti hasta - sabdasya paranipatah ) ' yavanibhih sastra - dharinibhih parasika- ramanibhih 'parivrtah ' samvestitah san | atra yavanyo nama sacarika-paryayah ( tallaksanam yatha matrguptacaryam ruktam -- 'grha- kaksa-vicarinyastathopavana- sacara | yamesu ca niyuktana yama-suddhi-visaradah | sacarikastu ta jneya yavanyopih- matah kvacit " -- apica "kirati camaradhara yavani sastradharini " iti sabda- rnavah ) | ' bhavatu ' agacchatu sa ityasayah | 'angana bhangena rugvisesena kautilya karanena ('bhanga starange bhede ca rugvisese parajaye | kautilye bharyarva cchatya ! iti haimah ) ( 'vikala ' jadha 'iva bhutva sthasyami | eva dehasya vaikalyabhinayena 'visramam ' ( 7|3|34 ) 'labheya ' prapnuya ( sabhavanaya lina ) | 16

142 abhijnana- sakuntalam - - R [55 NOTES 55 n. - 1. viduyakah &c. -- Vidusaka is the humorist and con fidant of the hero (generally of the king). His chief duty is to excite laughter, by his crooked form, quaint dresses and repartees. of wit and to help the hero in his love-intrigues. He is a confessed votary to the pleasures of the table (Mricchakatika IV. after $1. 27) and has access to the seraglio. As he has full liberty of speech, his presence enlivens the dull monotony of amour of the last act. According to K he acts the viskambhaka or adhama-pravesaka (827-11 ) by alluding to what happened in the interval of the Acts. visannah Dejected-(Sk.2271-Com. ) 2. vistam - The jester is bewailing his own ill-luck as he is to follow the king in-season and out-season. has 'drstam ' - Have you seen my miseries ? Cf. "dekhle, dekhle, vamdivetir akkelta dekhle "? -- bhramara, but the former seems to be better. bhoh implies visada (Com. ). 3. vayasya &c. - vayasa tulyah iti vayas + yat = vayasyah ('no vayo- dharma -- &c. 4. 4. 91. ) tasya bhavah tena, hetau 3ya - (by the companionship.) 4. nirvinnah - nir + vid + kta kartari ; 'nirvinnasya upasamkhya- nam ' - 8.4 30 - iti natvam, (da = na ) - Disgusted - (because king's companionship resulted in lot of troubles) Cf. 'madanika -- atinirvinnamaryena &c.-Mudra-Raksasa Act. //. 5. madhyahne - 'ahnah madhyam iti "samkhya - vi- saya-purvasya ahnasya ahan anyatarasyam naum " (6|3|110 ) iti jnapakat ekadesi - samasah Bhanuji Diksita That is, the rule of ekadevimamasa ( viz., 'purva'paradharottarameka demina ' &c. - 2. 2. 1). does not include madhya, so the form expected here is 'ayam ' by palonamama| But in the Sutra ( 6.3.110) mentioned above, Panini himself mentions 'sayahnah ' though 'saya ' is not included in the Sutra. Hence Bhattoji Diksita says - 'sarva'ppekadesah ahna samasyate ' | nakhya-vimayeti jnapakat " ( 712 ) . ahan- 'ahna ' by 'ahnahna etebhyah ' ( 5. 4. 88 ). Next by ravahnahah pasi ' ( 2. 4. 20) madhyahnah is masculine. 6. grisma-virala &c. gropmana virala grismavirala, supsupeti- samasah | padapasya chaya iti padapa-cchaya | padapa-cchayam ('vibhasa sena sura chaya gala-nisanam - 2.4.25.) | gramavirala (or grismavirala ) padapa- cchaya (or padapacchayam ) yasu | Mark thal elsewhere Kali, speaks of the shade of trees being thick - ' pracchaya sulabha-nidra divasah parinama- -

55 NOTES ] dvitiyonkah - 143 may mean ramaniyah - Supra. 7. atavitah atavi - (R. V.) after 'vanarajisu ' seems to be redundant, for, that they were wandering from forest to forest, can be inferred from vana-raji which includes several atavi s. 8. patra -samkara - kasayani &c. - samkara (3|3|57 ) - Intermixture 'samkaro'gni- catatkare ksipta- dhulyadhikesu ca | sammarjanyam viruddhanam ekadhikarana-sthiti ' iti sabdabdhih | Water was kasaya i.e. brown (Cf. 'kasayastani ' - Kumara-sambhava IV. 34) owing to the admixture of fallen leaves. 'having acrid taste. Cf. 'yo vaktram parisosayati, jihvam stambhayati, kantham badhnati, hrdayam karsati pida़yati sa kavayah ' --Susruta-Samhita, but then 'katukani ' becomes superfluous. With the reading kadusnani (luke warm ), kasaya may be explained as 'astringent'. 'kasayani katukani - Ram. I; 12.97. Now read 'patra samkarasurabhikrta'sisira-pamkila- vivarnasvada - jalaih ' &c. - Kad. P. 811. 9. girinadi &c. -- girisambhava nadi girinadi or girinadi ( sakaparthi- vadih ) - A mountain rivulet - tasam | 'na' is optional by 'girinadyadinam va ' - ( Varttika 8.4.10 ) 10. aniyata velam &c. - ni + yama + kta karmani = niyata, ( 6.4.37 = ma lopah ) - Restrained. settled ; na niyata = aniyata - Unset tled, irregular. (Now Com. ) 11. sulya &c. - sale samskrtam iti sula + yat =sulyam- ('sulokhad yat ' 4.2.17. ) - Roasted on spits. It is prepared thus - 'kalakhandani mamsani grathitani salakaya | dhrtam salavanam dattva nirdhume dahane pacet | tat tu sulyam iti proktam paka-karma-vicaksanah ' | It was much relished in old times. Read 'sulyam palam sudhatulyam rucyam vahnikaram laghu | kapha-vataharam vrsyam kincit pittakaram tu tat ' - BhP. bhuyisthah - ( 3 n. 2). 12. avhiadi = bhujyate | 'bhujo bhunja - jima jema - kamma'ha samana ' - iti anhavesah | Note that the Brahmins freely partook of meat in old times. "mamsani ca sumedhyani bhaksyanta yena yadicchati " - Ram. II. 91. 52. 13. turaganudhavana &c. - 'kandita ' means dislocated. The jester was not an expert rider like the king, so it was quite natural that he would feel pain on his body by the jerking, as he tried to keep pace with the king-(5 ln. 3.) nikamam - To full satisfaction. 14. pratyuse - pratyusati rujati kamukan prati + us ( rujayam ) +kah ('igupadha ' - 3. 1. 135 ) = pratyusah ( Mas. ) - Dawn is so called (as it troubles the lovers by putting an end to the their enjoyment - Bhanuji Diksita Cf. Raghuvamsha XIX 29 ) pratyusah ( Mas.) is sanctioned by Mathu- - -

44 abhijnana- sakuntalam [ 55 NOTES resa. - Also pratyusas ( New ), and pratyusas are correct. 15. basyah- puneh-- 6sthi is optionally dropped giving the form basiputram (Com.) It is merely an epithet of contempt --- ( Rascal ). Cf. "Rascal counters"-Julus Caesar IV. 3. But 'svarupakhyane tu basi-putra evam i.e. the son of a female slave. This expression is very common in Mricchakatika and Bhasa dramas. 'dasya duhita ' - Mala III ; Ram. II. 99. 3. sakuni - sumparkah- Used contemptuously (Com.) ; S&A's svagani (na) - subdhakah -(By hunters with dogs ) has a parallel in "svagani vagurikaih prathama- sthitam " &c. - Raghuvamsha IX. 53; but this does not signify contempt. (Vide note 15 ). 16. -vana-grahana &c. - vana grahana ( vanagamana - Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha) is a technical term of hunting. The hunters surround the forest, obstruct all the passages of egress and then they shout and fling stones or send the hunting curs. Vidusaka has to pass all the day on horseback and even before the last part of the night, he can't have a wink of sleep on account of pain in his joints. But even when he has but a short nap, he is roused by the rumpus of the rascally bird-catchers. Thus he gets no pleasure in eating (ahara ), drinking (pana ), sporting (vihara ) and sleeping ( sayana )| Surely he is to be pitied 17. gandasya upari &c. - khada gini | grahayoga-prabhede ca vitha Pustule. (Cf. 'goder upar visphota woe succeeding another," "misery added to misery." 'marmasthana- vranasyopari vranantaram ' - Dhundhiraja. Cf. " raksasah -- ayamaparo gandasya upari sphotah " - Mudra-Raksasa V. 'tavadeso'paro gandasyopari pindakah samvrttah ' Vidha-Salabhanjika. "This day I will rise or else I'll add ill to ill"~~Pericles. //. 1. 18. avahinesu-ava + ha ( tyage parasmaipadi . 2597) + kta karmani = avahinah- Lagged behind tesu bhave saptami | 19 adhamyataya- dhanam labdha iti dhana + yat ( "dhanaganam labdha " - 4. 4. 84. dhagyah - Fortunate tasya bhavah -- dhanyata -- Fortune, hence adhanyata = durbhagyam --- Misfortune, adhanyata sakuntalam darsayati ' (Active ) - 'adhanyataya sakuntala darsita (Passive). This line also supports the reading "bho distam " | kanyaka - ( 22 n. I). prabhata rajani - Cr. yada ca me nisvasato gata nisa - Mricchakatika V. 37 ; = - == Hard boil - "gandah syat pusi pitakesi ca " iti medini | pindaka = Bengali Proverb) meaning, "one

55 NOTES ] dvitiyo'nkah • 145 ' ityetani canyani manoratha-satani cintayato'ntah prayanti rajanyah ' - Kad P. 251. 'tameva ca -- cetasa cintayato jagrata evasya sa jagama ratrih ' -Ibid. P. 767. 20. krtacara - pratikarmanam - acara - Performances of religious duties; here, of course, the reference is to the morning duties --' utthaya pascime yame krtasaucah samahitah | hutagni brahmanamscacyam praviset sa subham sabham || - Manu-Samhita VII. 145 pratikarma - Decoration of the body. Cf. 'tasya sarire pratikarma cakruh ' - Kumara-sambhava VII, 6. 'pratikarma ' is very common in Ram. VI. 128 15, 16. 21. banasana &c. - bana + as + lyut karane ]- 'karana'dhikaranayosca - 3.3.117.] - banasanam = A bow, or say bananam asanam | Next bahu (Com). 22. vana- puspa mala &c. - Evidently the garlands were made of (wild ) flowers. vanajani puspani-vana- puspani | Beware of the term madhyama-padalopi samasah - ( 371, 6 ) which is wrong. Mark that our poet does not say 'bana-mala ' which is a quite different thing. Cf. "apada-padmam ya mala banamaleti sa mata "Kalinga "ajanu-lambini mala sarvarta kusumojjvala | madhye sthula-kadamba -dhaya vanamaleti tat smrta " - Sabdamala. 23. yavanibhih - There are yavani (yavanasya patni ) | - two feminine forms of yavana viz. (i) (ii) yavanani ( yavananam lipih | yavanad 49.) In old times Yavana women lipyam ' - Varttika 4. 1 were employed as These must be Persian attendants to the kings. (Act. VI. Infra). girls, as Kali. (in Raghuvamsha V. 60 & 61.) has described Persian woman as Yavani Cf. 'parasikamstatojetu ' * • * yavani mukhapadmanam || Almost every Orientalist, from the time of Sir William Jones, to that of Dr. Muller, says that exclusively means the Greek. But it was the custom of the Yavanas to get their heads wholly shaved. Cf. 'yavanana sira . sarva kambojanam tathaivaca | parada mukta- kesasca, pahlavah smasru dharinah | This, the national custom of the Greeks, could never sanction; for when Demosthenes got his head shaved, he sought to conceal himself in a cell, in order that he might not appear in the public. In fact like the 'Bactrian' of the Greeks and the Romans, 'Yavana' was a very elastic term with the Hindus who applied it to the various foreigners, who from

46 abhijnana- sakuntalam [ 55 NOTES time to time invaded India i.e. the Persian, Greeks, Bactrians, Scythians, &c. Mr. Balfour has rightly observed (Encyclopaedia of India)--"Doubtlessly Yavana is a term not exclusively applied to the Greeks". (Vide also Indo-Aryan'-Vol. II. P. 166 et. seq.) But Kali, has nowhere used to mean the Greeks So the theory that Kali, is indebted to Pelecritus story of the (Greek) for the ring episode (Vide Journal of Behar and Orissa Vol. VII. pp. 97. ) may be summarily rejected. Text: - (tatah pravisayi yathanirdista-parivaro ' raja ) | raja (atmagatam ) arya (12, 18 karma ' priya na sulabha ' manastu tadbhava-varsana''svasi | 12, 15) akrtarthe'pi ' manasije ' ratimubhaya- prarthana " kurute || 1 || - ( smitam krtva ) evamatma'bhipraya sambhavite -sta-jana-citta-vrttih prarthayita viyate | (Enter the king attended¹ by retinues as described¹). King (Aside) Granted that my beloved is not to be easily obtained³, yet my mind feels comforted by beholding her indications of love. Even when love has not yet achieved its object, reciprocity of solicitations 7 gives delight. ( 1 ) (Smiling) Thus does the suitor judging the state of feeling of his beloved one by his own desire, delude himself. V. L. --- ' darsanasvasi - B. M. D. S. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha 'darsanayasi - R. V. G. tata iti | nirdistam anatikramya iti 'yatha - nirdistam ' (avyayibhavah ) 'yathanirdistam parivarah ' (6|3|122 ) sevakavargah yasya tadrsah | mrgayavesa-dharinibhih yavanibhih parivrtah ityarthah | kamamiti | 'priya ' sakutanla 'na sulabha ' anayasa - labhya 'kamam ' etat tu maya anumantavyam ('akamanumatau kamam asuyopagame'pi va ' iti yadrah ) | tahi sudurlabhe vastuni yatnenalam ityasankam nirakartumaha mana iti | 'tu ' iti asankocchede | mama 'manah ' 'tasyah ' sakuntalayah 'bhava darsanena ' gamana - velayam asakrt madabhimukhama-valokanadi-rupam anuraga-laksanam drstva 'masvasi ' asvastam bhavati | tadprapti sambhavana - janitam kancidanandamanu- 1

56 NOTES ] dvitiyo'nkah 147 bhavati iti bhavah | taddhetum aha | 'manasije ' kame ('saptamyam jane i: ' ( 3|2|96 ), - 'tatpuruse krti bahulam - ( 6|3|15 ) iti saptamya aluk ) 'akrtarthe api asiddhe api arthat sakuntala - prapti-sabhavanayama- satyam api, 'ubhayo . ' parasparasya 'prarthana ' anyonya'bhilasah, tasya madvisayini, mama ca tadvisayaka ityasayah | ' ratim kurute ' protim utpadayati | atra arthantaranyasalamkarah | aprastutaprasamsa ca | tayorekasrayanupravesarupah sankarah | api ca kama'ca- ritarthayam ratyutpadanam ityapatato viruddhataya bhasamanatvat virodhalamkarah | suratarthataya virodhah | anuragarthataya parihara - - iti nyayapancananapadah | 'ratih kamastriyam rage surate'pi ratih smrta ' iti dharanidasah | srutyanu- prasasca | arya jatih ) || 1 || smitam krtva | isat hasitva ('sa manak smitam ' ityamarah ) | alike'pi satyabuddhih kaminamiti bhavah | tadeva visadayati evamiti | 'evam ' anena prakarena 'atmanah ' svasya 'abhiprayena ' abhilasa'nu- sarena 'sambhavita ' anumita 'ista- janasya ' dayita- janasya 'citta vrttih '; yena tathavidhah 'prarthayita ' kami 'vidamvyate ' (iti karmakartari ) upahasaspadam bhavati ityarthah | (visese prastute samanyokteh aprastutaprasamsa ) | -- 56 u. - 1. manastu &c. - tu = Notwithstanding. Sakuntala is not easily obtainable (Cf. 'dharma- carane'pi paravaso'yam janah ' - Supra ), I admit this against my wish (4) and this knowledge should have produced uneasiness and despondence. Yet there is reason to hope. kamam - Conveys an idea of some hesitation to admit that Sakuntala is not ( sulabha ) easily obtainable. ( "kamamatisvacchandye aniccha'ngikare ca " iti ganakarah ) | Cf. "asulabha sakalendumukhi ca sa "VIK. H 1..8. 2. tadbhava &c. -- bhava = Emotion, love, tasyah bhavah, tasya darsanam --- Observation from the gestures of Sakuntala, or explain 'darsana ' (drs -- nic ) as 'exhibition'. Next tadbhava darsana + a + svas + nini (sadhukarini ) kartari - Deriving encouragement by the observation of her feelings. R, G and V have 'tadbhavadarsanayasi ' | 'nayikaya bhavah bestah, tasam darsane ayasi | sakhedam prayatnapurvakam lalasam iti 1. e. my mind is eager to know the disposition of her heart. But what the king says in the latter half of the Sloka as well as in - the following expression (i. e. evamatmabhiprayah sambhavite-sta &c.)

48 abhijnana- sakuntalam [56 NOTES does not harmonise well with this reading. Besides Vishvanatha Kaviraja quotes this very Sloka in Sahitya-Darpana (Ch. VI.) as an instance of 'fam' with the reading -- 0darsanasvasi ' | 3. akrtarthe (na) krtah arthah yena yasya va -Not having gained (its) object - tasmin | 4. ubhayaprarthana - pra +artha +yuc bhave = prarthana ( 'nyasa - sranyo - yuc ' - 3. 3. 107 ) | (ubhayoh prarthana = 'ubha-ya ' - prarthana --- Yearning of both for one another. In a compound 'ubha ' is replaced by 'ubhaya ' | "ubha- sabdat vrtti - visayam nityamayaca syat svarthe | tena ubhayatah, ubhayatra, ubhaya paksa- vinita- nidra ityadi siddham " -- T. (ubha-sabdah dvitva-visistasya vacakah | ataeva nilam dvivacanantah * 'ubhaya-sabdasya dvivacanam nasti iti kamyatah | asti iti haravattah ' - ( Siddhanta-Kaumudi 217; 229 n. 2 ) . krtva - The king all the while thinks that Sakuntala * 5. smitam loves him, hence interprets all her movements as having reference to himself. Lover as he is, he should naturally desire that Sakuntala should reciprocate his passion, i.e. Sakuntala must be fond of him as he was of her. But in sooth, there is no positive proof of her love, except that her movement is coquettish. The king is fully aware of the fallacious nature of his reasoning. ('kami svatam pasyati ' - Sl. 2) and also of his awkward position consequent on his overconfidence, bence comes his smile. For a similar idea Cf. " vala mamiyamicchatindu-badana sanandamudviksate | nilendivara-locana stana-parirambham bhrsam vanchati | are mudha़ ! ka tvamimicchati ka ca pasyati paso | mamsam - sviminimita nari veda na kincidatra sa punah pakyatmamurtah puman || " Prabodha-Candrodaya IV. 10. " svayameva vihasya'cintayat kimiti nirarthakamayamatma maya sisune vayasitah * * aho me murkhatayah prakarah * ayamatmaiva me para iva hasam upajanayati " - Kad. 'akamam kamayanasya sariramupatapyate | icchantim kamayanasya pritirbhavati sobhana ' - Ram. "He had imagined that she reciprocated his sentiments" - Three Act Tragedy, (Agatha Christe ) -P. 138. smitam - Is generally used with an 'uttama - nayaka and it has a technical meaning - 'isadvikasitai dantah kataksah sausthavanvitaih | alaksita- dvija - (tooth) dvaram uttamanam sthitam bhavet || Bhoja D. 6. atmabhipraya &c. - abhi- prida, +ghanna, (3. 3. 18 ) = abhiprayah - Desire ('abhiprayah chandah masayah ' - -- - -

56 NOTES] dvitiyo'nkah 149 Amara-Kosa )| nic +kta sam + bhu + nic + kta karmani = sambhavita = kalpita - Judged, imagined. istajanah- Beloved ( karmagha ) | citta-vrttih - Working of feeling. Next atmabhiprayena sambhavita ( 3ya tat ) - atmabhipraya- sambhavita - Judged by his own desire. atmabhipraya-sambhavita istajana- cittavrttih yena (bahuvrihih ) tadrsah - ( prarthayita ) - Suitor ). evam In this way. vidambhyate--- Made ridiculous, is made a fool of. Text : snigdham ' viksita ' manyato'pi nayane yat prerayantya taya sardulavikriditam yatam yacca nitambayorgurutaya manyam vilasadiva ' | ( masajasatataga ) " ma ga " ityupaddhaya yadapi sa sasuya mukta sakhi sarvam tatkila matparayanamaho ' kami svatam ' pasyati || 2 || The tender¹ glance that she stole at me, even when casting her eyes towards other (objects) ; the slow steps that ( she took ) through the heaviness of her buttocks, as³ if from dalliance³, also the (way) in which the friend (Priyamvada) was replied in ( words of) spite, when stopped saying-'You must not go'-all these indeed hads references to me. Oh! A lover sees his own self ( everywhere). (2) vaassa, na me hatyanyaa pasaranti | ( bho vayasya na me hasta pada prasarati | vidusakah ( yathasthita eva ) - bho vaamettaena jaabiasi | jaavu bhavam vanmatrena japyase " jayatu jayatu bhavan ) | Vidusaka (Standing as before ) - Ho friend ! my hands and feet cannot move. (So you) are greeted? with words (of victory)¹ alone-'May you be victorious'. V. L. -- ' prerayantya ' -- B. M. 'presayalya ' - R. Vairagya-Sataka ' yadapi ma - R. V. M. S. 'yadapi tat ' -- B M. 'kami ' - R. V. M. S. 'kama ' - B. 'japyase ' - B. V. M. 'japayisyami - R. 'jayi kriya se ' --S 'jayati jayati bhavan '-- only B. snigdhamiti | 'anyato'pi madbayatirikta'nyasmin visaye ( saptamyarthe tasi ) ' nayane prerayantya ' vyaparayantya 'taya ' sakutalaya 'yat snigdham pritipurna 'viksitam ' vyaja'valokanam | 'nitambayo ' kati-pascadbhagayo ', 'gurutaya ' durbhavan ( ' guruh pitari durbhare ' - ityamarah ) 'vilasadiva ' vallabha'valokana-bhava-

150 abhijnanasakuntalam [57 NOTES visesat iva (taduktamummbalanilamani - "gati sthana''sanadinam mukha-netradi- karmanam | tatkalikantu vaisistayam vilasah priyasangajam " ।) 'mandam ' dhiram 'yatam ' calitam ( nitambayoriti dvivacanena madhya-nimnata- gaurava''dhikyam yauvano-jjrmbhanam ca dhvanitam ) | 'magah ' ('ino ga luni ' ) (2|4|45 ) iti luni in-dhatu-sthane madhya- ga - dhatuh adesah | ' mani luna ' ( 3|3|175 ) iti bhavisyati luna | 'na mana ga-dhatuh yoge ' (6|4|74 ) iti adagama - nisedhah ) itah ma gaccha iti ' anena prakarena 'uparuddhaya ' nisiddhaya sakuntalaya 'sa sakhi ' priyamvada 'sasuyam ' sakopam 'yadapi ukta ', ka tvam visrastavyasya roddhavyasya va iti kathita, 'tat sarvam ' aham eva param ayanam asrayah yasya tat ( 'parayanamabhiprete tatpare paramasraye ' iti vaijayanti | "purvapadat samjnayamagah " ( 8|4|3) iti natvam ) 'matparayanam ' mameva laksikrtya krtam iti bhavah || 'kila ' ityaruci ( 'vartayam arucau kila ' iti trikandasesah ) | arthat yat maya madvisayakatvam manyate tat sarva madbhanta- tvam " - 'aho ' ascarye, 'kami svatam ' atmiyatam, sarvatra svabhipraya-rupata 'pasyati ' ('svah syat pusi atmani jnatau, trisu atmiye'striyam dhane ' iti medini ) | ( vilasadiva ityutpreksa | purvavat arthantaranyasah | karaka -vipaka'lamkarah, hetu svabhavokti ca | nayaneyeti yatyayatamiti tayatayeti chekanuprasah | nayaneyeti yatoyaditi yatamyeti tasyaivamkavacaka- 'nupravesa - laksanah sankarah | sa eva vrsyanuprasena'pi purvardhe | uttarardhe tu vrtyanu- prasah | sardulavikridita chandah ) ||2|| vidusaka iti | 'yathasthitah ' yastima- valamvya sthitah | 'bho vayasya ' ("vidusakena vaktavyo vayasyeti ca bhupatih ityukteh vayasyeti sambuddhih ) | hastau ca padau ca iti 'hasta-padam ' [ 'dvandvasca prani- surya -senanganam ' ( 2/4/2 ) iti ekavacanam napusakatvanca ) ' na prasarati ' asirvacanavasare brahmananam daksina- hastottolanam prasiddham, kintu turaga'nughavana- kandita - sandhitvat hastottolane naham saktah | asmat 'vanamatrena ' vakyena eva ( mayuravyamsakadih ) 'japyase ' [ 'jayateh nacantat karmani lat ] 'jayatu jayatu ' iti sabdam uccarayisyami ityarthah | 57 n. - 1. snigdham vijitam &c. - snih + kta kartari akarmakatvat (3. 4. 72 ). By 'va duha - muha-runuha - sniham ) - ( 8. 2. 33 ), ha = sa optionally. Hence f: and wil: (8.2. 31). The king is here describing the actions of Sakuntala , which he construes as having direct reference to himself. snigdhadrstih is thus defined - "vikasi- snigdhamadhura cature

57 NOTES ] - - dvitiyo'nkah " 151 vibhrati bhruvau | kataksini sabhilasa drstih snigdhabhisipate | 2. nitambayo gurutaya - This is considered by the Sanskrit poets to be a great beauty of females. Cf. 'sakranta jaghanasthalena guruna gantu na sakta vayam '-Amaru-shataka 34 ; ( 86 n. 4 ) 3. vilasadiva - vilasa - Dalliance, coquetry. 'yana-sthana''sanadinam mukha-netradi-karmanam | visesastu vilasah syat ista-sandarsanadina ' || - Sahitya-Darpana III. 'gamana''sana-pani-pada- cesta savisesa nayana - dhruvam ca karma | dayitopagame yadaprayatnat kriyate nunamayam vilasah uktah ' || - Bharata. Also Com. 4. ma gah-- Refers to the conversation between Priyamvada and Sakuntala, when the latter wanted to leave the place abruptly to report to gautami against priyambada during the conversation between the king and her companions, after (Act I. 16. Supra ) 5. sasuyamukta ( uttered with disdain) &c. - asuna is kandvadi, hence yak by 'kandvadibhyah yak ' (3. 1. 27). Next 'a' by 'a pratyayat ' ( 3.3.102), giving the form 'asuya '- Reproach, Spite. 'gunesu dosa''viskaranam asuya - Kasika (Vrtti) under (1. 4. 37). Cf. 'ayem, vrajamo'nyata ityarthanam vadhurasuya kutilam dadarsa Raghuvamsha VI. 32. 6. kila Used ironically and is indicative of dissatisfaction (Com.) i. e. nothing is intended for me. kila 'sambhavanayam ' - Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha matparayanam - All these things such as 'snigdha viksanam ', 'mandam gamanam ', 'sasuyamuktam ' were chiefly intended for me giving vent to her attachment for me -- (Vide 56 n. 2). 7. vayasya is the usual term of addressing the king by a jester (Com.) 8. japyate - ji + nic + lat se karmani | 'ji '='ja ' by 'krika -jinam nau '-- ( 6.1.48). Hence 'puk ' by 'ati-hi- vli-ri-knuyi ksayy-atam pug nom (73.36 ). ji is here intransitive and means 'to prosper' ; Cf. "jaya utkarsa - praptih | akarmako'yam ' - Siddhanta-Kaumudi 2330. "jayo'bhibhavah, svikara, utkarsasca | adyayoh sakarmakah, naparatra | 'sa ' jayati sarasvati devi ' ti subandhuh | pancamyah prathamapurusasyeka vacana bahuvacane bhasayamasya prayogo nabhidhiyate iti vrddhah " - Manorama ; Act VII. 34 (Com.) ; (254 n. 2; 267 n. 5 ). 'vanmatrena ' - (245 n. 1--end). 9. jayatu - B reads 'jayati jayati ' which also means the same thing and is also idiomatic. So Vamana in Kavyalankara-Sutra-vrtti says - " jestubantu tibanti va "-

152 abhijnanasakuntalam [57 NOTES 'jayati ' = jayatu ', 'jayanti ' = jeh parau tubantu yathakramam tibanti bhavatah | 'jayantu ' | yatha "jayati jayati maharajah " -- iti tatthika | Text: - raja -- kuto'yam gatropaghatah ' ? King -Whence is this paralysis 1 ( on your ) limbs 1 ? vidusakah -- kuvo kila saam acchi aulikaria assu karanam pucchasi | (kuta . kila svayamaksi akulikrtya ' asru-karanam prcchami ) | Vidusaka-Why, indeed having yourself 'pricked (my) eye, do you enquire the cause of (my) tears ? raja-na balvavagacchami | King - I do not, indeed, understand (you ). visakah -- bho vaassa, jam vebaso khujja-lilam vidambedi ' tam kim asano pahavena nam nai-ve assa ( bho vayastha, ( bho vayastha, yat vetasah kubja-lilam vidamyayati tat kimatmanah prabhavena, nanu nadi - vegasya ) | Vidusaka Ho friend! is it through its own strength or by the force of the stream, that the cane ( Calamus Rotang) imitates s the appearance of the Kubja-plant (or the gait of a hunchback ) ? V. L. - M reads 'bhinnarthamabhidhiyatam ' after 'na khalvavagacchami ' | 'nanu ' - R. V. M. S. ' athava ' -- B. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha rajeti | ' gatranam upaghatah ' rogavisesah ( iti rajanirghanta ) vaiklavya- miti yavat | vidusaka iti | 'svayam ' atmana 'aksi caksuh ' arthat madi- yam 'akulikrtya ' anga li-nivesanena jalapurnam krtva | 'abhunah vaspodgamasya 'karanam kutah ' kasmat arthat bhavanetrat asru katham ayati ? iti 'prcchasi kila ' ityaruci ('vartayam arucau kila ' iti trikandasesah ) | vidusaka iti | 'vetasah ' jala-latavisesah ' kumjasya ' vrksabhevasya nyumjasya va ('kumbhah vrksa-bheprave na, myujje syat vacyalingakah ' iti medini - 'paniphala, simghada़ा ' iti bhasa ), 'lila ' kriyam cestam iti yavat ('lila vilasa - kriyayoh ' ityamarah ') 'bidambayati ' anukaroti, tadvad vakraprsthah bhavati iti 'yat ' tat kim atmanah, vetasasya 'prabhavena ' samarthyena | kimiti prasne | 'nanu ' kimva 'nadi -vegasya ' prabhavena ityarthah | nanu iti paramata''ksepe ('nanviti paramata''ksepanujne-sana''prsta-prativacanesu ' iti dandanathah ) etena tvaya eva idam krtam iti bhavah (vrsyantalamkarah ) |

58 NOTES ] dvitiyo'nkah 'kimidamadya 153 58. - 1. gatropaghatah - Cf. mamopaghatah ' - Mricchakatika IX. 29 kila - Indicates aruci -- ( 57 n. 8 ). I disapprove your query, as you yourself are the cause of my ' gatropaghatah ' 2. kubjalilam -- ku isat ubjam arjavamasya | 'sakandhvadisu pararupam ' - (Varttika 6. 1. 94 ) - Humpback, or 'kubja ' is a kind of aquatic plant (Trapa Bispinosa ' = paniphala ) which is crooked in shape ( Com. ). Cf. 'yah samyati prapta pinaki lilah ' - Raghuvamsha VI. 73 ; "vrttimasritya vamtasim " -- Raghuvamsha IV. 35. Santi-113.9. vidambayati - Imitates. 3. prabhavena - (35 n. 7). Optionally 'prabhavena ' by 'pratipadikanta - num - vibhaktisu ca - ( 8.4. 11). a'-(8. Cf. " prabhavena prabhavena | sribhavena sribhavena | haribhavina haribhavina | prayena prayena " - Prabha. 4. nanu - Is indicative of disapproval (Com.) ( paramataksepa ) of the first alternative. Text : -- raja - navobegastatra karanam | King --- The cause there-of is the river-current. vidusaka -- mama bi bhavam ( mamapi bhavan ) | Vidusaka - So is Your Highness of mine. raja - kathamiva | King - How possibly ? vidravakah-- evam raa-kajjani ujjhima earise aula-ppadese vana-cara- buttiga tue hovayavam | jam saccam pacvaham sabada-samuccharaneha samkhohia-samdhi bamdhanam mama gattanam aniso mhi samvrtto | ta pasida me | ekahampi bava vissamoadu | ( evam raja-karyani ujjhitva etadrse akula- pradese ' vana-cara- vrttina tvaya bhavitavyam | yat satya ' pratyaham svapada- samutsaranaih samksobhita- sandhi-bandhanam mama gatranamaniso ''smi savrttah | tat prasida me | ekahamapi tavat visramyatam ) | Vidusaka Neglecting your kingly duties, you are to live so much as a fowler, in such a dreary² region² that I am, forsooth,³ no ( longer) master of my own limbs, the bandages of the joints of which have been sorely shaken by daily pursuit after beasts of prey. So be pleased with me ; take rest just even for one day. V. L. -- ' amanusa -sacare ' before 'akulapradese ' - M. 'prasadayisyami visrastu mam * visramitum - R. V. M. S. "prasida me * visramyatam " - B. P. -

154 abhijnana- sakuntalam • [ 59 NOTES rajeti | 'kathamiva ' aham te gatropaghata karanam ? 'iva ' (iti vakya- bhusayam | ) vidusaka iti | 'raja-karyani ' rajnah kartavyani ' ujjhitva ' vihaya | 'akula- pradese 'svapada-samkulasthane 'evam ' idrsam vanacaravrttina ' kiratena iva 'bhavita- vyam ', (bhave tavyah ) 'yat satyam ' asamsayam 'svapadanam ' himsrapasunam ('svapado na himsrapasi ' iti sabdandhih ) 'samutsaranah ' anudhavanaih kartr-bhutaih 'samksobhitah ; layibhutah vyathita ityarthah | 'sandhi-bandhah ' samyoga-sthalani yesam tathabhutanam " mama gatranam anisah ' asvami arthat sancalanadi asaktah 'asmi ' aham 'samvrttah ' jatah | sarira'vayavanama''kuncana-prasaranadau asakto'smi jatavyatha- tvat iti bhava | atah mrgayayam mam niyojya mama gatropaghate bhavaneva karanam iti bhavah | 'tat ' tena hetuna 'prasida ' prasanno bhava | akhetat virato bhava iti bhavah | | 59 n. -- 1. akula- pravese - 'akula ' means 'svapada''kula ' - Occupied by wild beasts. It also means 'restless ' - ( vyasta or vyakula ) | Vidusaka seems to use it purposely in a double sense, hinting at Sakuntala , who has made the mind of the king restless. 2. yat satyam - together mean 'if truth be told', 'In sooth'. Cf. 'sutradharah - - arye, 'yat satyam mayapi nopalaksitah -- Mudra-Raksasa I; satsatyam, svargiyate idam sthanam - Mricchakatika IV ; 'amangalasamsaya vo vacanasya yat satyam kampitamiva me hrdayam ' - Vairagya-Sataka I ; 'yat satyam vyathitam manah ' - Ram. III. 59. 3. 3. pratyaham -- ahani ahani iti pratyaham | tac (in avyayibhavah ) by 'anasca '- (5.4.108).But tac is optional by 'napumsakad, anyatarasyam ' - ( 5.4.109) So optionally. prasyahah | By 'trtiya - samptamyorbahulam ' - ( 2. 4. 94 ) . - 'pratyahe ', 'pratyaham ' in 7mi | 4. svapatra - &c. sunah padani svapadani - the feet of a dog. 'sva '--'sva ' before 'pada ' by 'suno danta- damstra - karna - kunda-varaha- puccha-padesu dirgho vacyah ' - Varttika on ( 1040). svapadani iva padani yesam te ' svapadah ' --- Having dog-like feet (ustra mukhavat uttarapada-lopi bahu- brohih ) | Hence any clawed animal (such as tiger, lion, etc.) as opposed to hoofed animal (such as horse etc.) 'vyaghradayah vanacarah pasavah svapada matah '-- Kesava. 5. gatranam anisah-- 6sthi by 'adhiga-rtha-dayesam karmani ' - ( 2. 3. 52 ). I have lost control over my | limbs and have become helpless. -- 6. ekahamapi - ekam ahah iti

59 NOTES ] dvitiyo'nkah 155 ekahah | The change of ahan ' into 'ahna (by' 'ahno'hna etebhyah '- 5. 4. 81 ) is barred by 'uttamaikabhyanca - ( 5.4.90) samasanta tac by 'rajahah sakhibhyah tac ' - - (5.491) Masculine by ' ratrahnahah pusi - (2.4.29). Text :- raja (svagatam ) - ayam caivamaha | smrtya mrgaya - viklavam ' ghetah | kutah - mamapi kasyapa-sutamanu puspitagra na namayitu 'madhijyamasmi sakto dhanurivamahita - sayakam ' mrgesu | najajaraga ) saha vasatimupetya yah priyayah krta iva mugdha-vilokitopadesah || 3|| ( nanaraya King ( Aside ) - So says this fellow. I, too, thinking of the daughter of Kasyapa, have got a hunting - sick t mind. For, I am not able to bend this bow", ( well ) - strung, with shaft set to it, against the deer, by which enjoying the companionship of my beloved, instruction 5 in sweet (or artless) glances 5 was, as it were imparted (to her). (3) V. L. - ' asmi saktah ' - R. V. M. S. 'utsahipye ' - B. 'mugdha - vilo - kitopadesah ' R. V. M. S. 'locanakanti-samvibhagah '- B. P. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha rajeti | 'mamapi cetah ' manah ' mrgayayam viklavam ' vihvala nirutsaham iti yavat jatam ityarthah | ( 'vivalavo vihvala ' ityamarah ) kuta iti hetumaha | neti | 'jyam ' maurvim adhirudham ('jya maurvi jya vasudhara ' iti sasvatah ) iti 'adhijya sagunam, 'ahitah ' samsthapitah 'sayakah ' banah yasmin tat 'idam ' mamakam dhanu sarasanam, 'mrgesu ' harinesu laksyibhutesu 'namayitu ' mrgan laksikrtya karnantam arstu ka katha vanamokse iti bhavah | 'na saktah ' samarthah ' asmi ' ( trayamapi vidheyam | ataeva nartha- paunaruktyam ) | 'yaih ' ( yadsabdasya uttarapada-sthitatvat tacchabdasya anapeksa ) harinah priyayah ' sakuntalayah 'saha vasatim ' ekatra'vasthanam (" vasatih syat avasthane nisayam sadane'pi ca ' iti hemah ) tannibandhanam sauhardam ityarthah 'upetya ' labdhva sakuntalaya saha usitva ityarthah | 'mugdhani ' saralani cittakarsa- kani iti yavat 'vilokitani viksanani ' ( ' napusake bhave ktah - 3 | 3 | 114 ) tesam 'upadesah krta iva ' ( ityutpreksa | uttarardharthasya saktyabhave hetutveno- pattatvat kavyalingam | vasyanuprasena saha srutyanuprasasya samsrstih | nakaradinam ,

156 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 60 NOTES soda़sa - varnanam dantyanam satvat srutyanuprasah | puspitagra vrttam | 'evamatmabhi- praya ' - ityadina etadantenanusmrtih trtiya'vasya sucita - " arthanamanubhutanam desakalanuvartinam | satatyena paramarsah | manasah syadanusmrtih, iti tallaksanat ) ||3|| -- 60. - 1. anusmrtya - has its nominative 'aham ' understood, while 'cetah ' is the nominative of the finite verb 'bhavati ' understood., For similar use Cf. 'suratani ca tani te rahah, smara ! samsmrtya na santi rasti me - Kumara-sambhava IV. 17 ; 'dilipanantaram rajye tam nisamya pratisthitam | purva pradhumito rajna hrdaye'gnirivotthitah ' - Raghuvamsha IV. To justify eka- kartum kalva (3320 ) - Vide (68 n. 6). 2. namayitum nam + nic + tumun bhave 'namayitum ' or 'namayitum ' by 'mitam hrasvah ' 6. 4. 92. 'ghatadayo mitah - (Gana-Sutra 2353 ). But when not preceeded by upasarga, upadha of nam is optionally lengthened by 'jvala - hvala-jhala- namam anupasargat va | esam mittvam va | jvalayati jvalayati | upasrste tu nityam mittvam | prajvala- yati | katham tahi 'prajvalayati ' 'usamayati ' iti ? dhyantyat 'tatkaroti ' ( va -- 3|1|26 ) iti ni, - Siddhanta-Kaumudi 2353 3. saha vasati 'saha ' ekatra 'vasatih ', sahasupeti samasah ( 2|1|4 ) tam Cf. 'saho - pajata - paricayah ' - Kad. 4. mugdha &c. - muha + ktah = mugdhah or mudha़h - ( 57 n. 1). 'mugdhah ' means guileless, hence charming. The deer being the constant companion of my beloved, instructed her in casting artlessly sweet glances. For a similar idea, Cf. 'pravata- nilotpala- nirvisesam adhira- vipreksitamayataksya | tatha grhitam nu mrganganabhyah tatogrhitam nu mrga- nganabhih ' - Kumara-sambhava, 1.46. Also " lankastrinam punascakre vilapacaryakam saraih " Raghuvamsha XII. 78. Now read the remark below. - - | Remark - B's "locana - kanti-samvibhagah " also gives a very good sense. It means "They have, as it were, distributed the beauty of their eyes to Sakuntala". It has a parallel in Kad. P.537 - "marva haririva datta - locana - sobha samvibhagam " ; so it will be impossible - ; for the king to hurl his arrows to the deer, for this will remind him of the eyes of his beloved. Exactly similar idea is found in " trasani matracatulah smaratah sunetrah | praudha़-priya- nayana-vibhuma-vestitani | --

60 NOTES ] dvitiyo'nkah 157 Raghuvamsha IX. 58. Thus it is very difficult to say which is genuine, as both the readings are supported by parallel ideas from Kal's work. Text : - vidusakah ( rajnam mukha vilokya ) - attabhavam kimpi hiae karia mantevi | arasne mae rudiam asi ( atrabhavan kimapi hrdayam krtva mantrayate ' 1 aranye maya ruditam asit ) | Vidusaka (Looking at the king's face ) - Your Honour is deliberating (something) with some (ideas) in your mind. Mine is (only) a cry in the wilderness. raja (masmitam ) - kimanyat | anatikramaniyam ' me suhrdvakyamiti sthito'smi | King (With smile)-What else? A friend's request ought³ never to be transgresseds, (and) hence do I stay. vidusakah ( sadara ) - ciramjia | (ciramjiva ) | (utthatumicchati ) | Vidusaka (Contentedly) - May you live long. ( Wishes to rise ). raja vayasya, tistha | savasesam me vacah | King - Friend, wait (a bit ). My speech is unfinished. vidusakah- anavedu bhavam ( ajnapayatu bhavan ) | Vidusaka---Let Your Majesty command. raja -- visrantena bhavata mamapi ekasmin anayase karmani sahayena ' bhavitavyam | King - When you have rested, you will be my help-mate in a matter which is not fatiguing. vidusakah- ki modaa-sajjiae | tena hi abham sugahido ksano ( ki modaka khadikayam | tena hi aya sugrhitah ksanah ) | Vidusaka - ( Is it ) in crushing ( a few ) sweetmeats ? Then indeed this invitation has been well accepted. raja-yatra vaksyami | kah kotra bhoh | King -- In what I will tell you Ho ! who is there ? (pravisya ) dauvarika ( pranamya ) - mamavedu bhatta ( ajnapayatu bhartta ) | (Entering) Warder (Bowing ) - Let My Liege (be pleased) to command. 17

158 abhijnana- sakuntalam [ 61 NOTES V. L. - - ' aranye maya ruditam asit --- R. V. M. 'aranye khalu maya rudinam -- B. modaka khadikayam - B. V. M. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha ' modakakhandikayam --- R. S.; M. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha, S & C read 'ksana ' ; 'jana ' - Others. -- - medini | vidusaka iti | 'ruditam iti bhave nila | rodanam ityarthah | tvayi vijnapanam aranye rodanamiva vyartha jatam iti bhavah | rajeti | avasisyate iti 'avasesah ' | ( karmani ghana ) | tena saha vartamanam 'savasesam ' asampurnam ityarthah | rajeti | 'visrannena ' vigata bhramena | 'avidyamanah ayasah ' klesa (iti hemacandrah ) yasmin tadrse aklesakare 'karmani ' vyapare 'sahayena ' anucarena ('anu- pvah sahayascanucarah abhisarah samah ' ityamarah ) 'bhavitavyam | vidusaka iti | brahmagasya sukaram karja na hi bhojanadrte iti matva prcchati | 'modakana ' khadyavisesanam ( ' modakah khadyabhede'stri harsa ke punaranyavat ' iti maya ' iti bhasa - - iti sabdakalpadrumah ' ) 'vadana ' bhaksanam iti khadika ' ('dhatvarya nirdege nvul vaktavya, va-- 3|3|109 iti nvul ) tasyam 'ki ' ya sahayena bhavitavyam ? 'tena hi ' ityavadharane | | 'aya ksanah ' modaka- naksanotsavah 'sugrhitah ' svikrtah [' graho'liti dirghah ' (7/2/37 ) iti dirgha | 'nirvyapara sthitau kala-visesotsavayoh ksana ' ityamarah | tatha cokta saunakena- grhitva'muka-samjnasyamuka gotrasya ca'muke | sraddhe tu vaisva devartham karaniyah ksana stvaya | ityevam sraddhakrt bruyat tam prapnotu bhavaniti | sa vadet praptavana- smitita rastam prati dvijah " || ) pravisyeti | ( 'nicesu prakrtam bhavet ' ) ityukteh dauva- rikasya prakrtam pathadham | | modaka- ' 61 a. - 1. aranyam maya &c. - A very common expression in Sanskrit which means something done in vain. Cf. 'proktam sraddhavihinasya aravya - ravitopamam ' - Panca-Tantra 'aranya-vaditam krtam savasariramudvartitam - Niti-Sataka qtd. Kuvalayananda Karika (nidarsana ); " kasmadaramyadavitam karomi " - Rat II & III; 'tadalamadhunaramya vaditamh " - Amaru-shataka 76 'sunye romi " - Maha. adi ; "maya nama suska- ghana - garjite antariksa jalapanamicchata| catakayitam " - Mala II; maya - No 6sthi by "na lokavyaya-nistha- - - " savasesam - " With something yet remain- • - khalatham nrnam " - (2.3.59). ing". Cf. "savasesamiva bhattinya - vacanam - Mala IV. 'savasesapasarah MX - VII. 13 'savasesa iva vikarah ' - Ibid 2. suhut &c. - Means a friend, even though vile-hearted or otherwise. Cf. 'muhadda havi

61 NOTES ] - dvitiyo'nkah , 159 mitra'mitrayoh ' ( 5. 4. 150 ). It has been a very happy expression here. Cf. 'atyaga - sahano bandhuh sadaivanumatah suhrt | anayase - Vidusaka thinks that there is no work which is free from exertion save eating, hence he at once accepts the invitation ( ksana ) | sahayena - Cf. 'idrse vare abhilasena bhavitavyam ' - Rai. II. 3 modaka -tvadikayam -- modayate iti mud + nic + nvul kartari by 'nvaltrcau ' - - ( 3. 1 133 ). = momdakah | Next ( modakanam svadanam ityarthe modaka + khad + nvul = modaka khadika - ( Com. ) 'dhatvarthah kriya ', nirdesah kathanam | asanam asika sayanam sayika " - Prabha ; or by "vibhasa''khyana- pariprasnayoh " ( 3.3. 110); also Mallinatha on Kiratarjuniya XV. 25. 'modaka ' is thus prepared - "dhumasintu dravibhutan praksipet jharjharopari | patanti vindavastasmat tan supakvan samuddharet | sita -pakena mamyojya kuryat hastena modakan ' - BhP. It must have been a favourite food in old times. 'imehim uvaharehi modaehim ajjamanavaam kancuim ca accegha " - Vikramorvasiya ; also Rat. IV ; "nara modaka - hastasca ramasya purata . yayah " - Ram. VI. 128.38 4. dauvarika dvari niyukta iti dvara + thak (by 'tatra niyuktah ' -4.4.69.) - dauvarika ., 'va' - 'aub " by dvaradinanca ' - (7.3.4). A should speak Prakrta (Com.) and address the king as 'bhatta ' | Cf. 'bhatteti cadharmah ' - Sahitya-Darpana VI. 5. ksanah- means leisure'. Hence 'my leisure is at your disposal, i. e. I pledge my word to your work - Apte’s Sanskrit-English dictionary Or, ksana technically means "an invitation to a Brahmin"-(specially to a Sraddha ceremony. Vide Com ). Hence --Your invitation has been well accepted (by me). Cf. 'grhitaksanosmi ' - Mala II, "arjunah kuruta ksanam " - Maha. I. ( svayamvaraparva ) | Text : - raja - ram vataka, senapatistavat ahuyatam | King -- Raivataka, let the General of the army be summoned. dauvarikah -- taha (tatha ) | (niskramya senapatina saha punah pravisya ) eso anna-vaanu-kantho ivo visna-vitthi evva bhata citthadi | ubasappadu ajjo (esa ajna-vacano-tkanthah ' itah datta drstireva bharta tisthati | upasarpatu aryah ) | Warder-As Your Majesty commands. ( I obey). (Exit and re-entering with the General). Here stands His Majesty with his

160 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 61 NOTES eyes fixed this very way, eager¹ to give out his words of command¹. Your Honour may approach ( him). senapatih ( rajanamavalokya ) -- drsta-dosa'pi svamini mrgaya kevalam gunayaiva samvrtta | tathahi devah- malini ( nanamayaya ) anavarata - dhanu- ya''sphalana-krura ' - purva ravi-kirana-sahisnu klesa- lesamrabhinnam | apacita 'mapi gatram vyayatatva ' balaksyam giri-cara iba nagah prana-saram virbhata ||4|| ( upetya ) jayatu svami | grhita- svapadamaranyam | kimanyatra'basthiyate | General (Looking at the king) - Althought found fault with 2, unting in our Lord, has been productive of benefit alone. For, His Majesty, like a rock-roving tusker, possesses a body which is the very essence of strength; the fore-part³ of which is hardened by the continual pulling of the bow-string³; which is capable of enduring the rays of the sun; (and) is unaffected by the slightest fatigue (and) which though rendered thinner, is not perceived (to be such) throughs bulkiness 5. (4) (Approaching) Victory to our Lord. The beasts of prey have been tracked in the forest. Why does, (Sire), then stay elsewhere ? V. L. -- ' gunaya eva ' - B., 'guna eva ' -- R. V.M.S. 'krurapurvam ' - R. V.M.S. 'krurakarma ' - B. 'sahisnu ' - R. V. M. S. ' sahisnuh ' -B. 'klesa ' - M. P. S. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha 'sveda ' - R. B. V. S. 'abhinnam - R. V. M. S. 'abhinna ' - B. 'kimanyatra- - ---- - vasthiyate - R. V. B 'kimiti sthiyate ' - M. 'kimadyapyavasthiyate ' - S. 'kimanyadavasiyate ' - Rs Com. radheti | 'ramvataka ' iti dauvarika'bhidhanam | 'senapatih ' sainika'dhyaksah dauvarika iti | 'ajnayah vacane ' uccarane, udgata unnamitah, 'kanthah ' griva yasya tadrsah | senapatiriti | senapaterapi samskrta pathyam | 'drstah dosah ' svapadebhyo vipadah, athava kurata prabhrtini dusanani yatra tadrsi 'api 'mrgaya ' akhetah ' svamini ' dupyante 'kevala gunaya ' gunam aghatum 'eva samvrtta jata| kama mrgaya dosa-bahula, tathapi rajani dusyante tu sa kevalam guna-parinamini bhuta || ' tathahi ' tamevartha janihi | anavarateti | girisu carati iti 'giricarah '

62 NOTES ] dvitiyo'nkah 161 'giricarah ' ('carestah '-- 3|2|15 ) parvatavihari (anena svatantrayam sucitam ) | nage bhavah 'nagah ' (4|3|53 ) gajah ('nagah matangaje sarpa punnage nagakesare ' iti haimah ) 'iva devah ' dusyantah 'anavaratam ' satatam 'dhanusah ' karmukasya 'jyayah ' gunasya ('jya maurvi jya vasundhara ' iti sasvatah ) | ' asphalanena ' akarsanena 'krurah kathinah ('kruram bhayamkaram jneyam krurau kathina-nirbhayau ' iti dharanih ) 'purvah ' purvabhagah yasya tavrsam | 'raveh kiranan ' rasmin 'sahisnu ' sodha़, samartham (anena duhkha -sahisnu- svam ) | 'vanesasya ' srama-klanteh 'lesaih ' anumatrenapi 'abhinnam ' asprstam ( anena srama-jayitvam ) | 'apacitamapi ' krtamapi sat 'vyayatatvat ' dirghatvat visalatvat iti yavat ('vyayatam vyaprte birce duve catisaye'nyavat ' iti medini ) 'alaksyam ' krsatvena na jnayamanam (anena mahapurusa-laksanam sala pramsutvadi ) | 'pranasya ' sarira- balasya ( iti nilakanthah ) | 'sara ' sthiramsamiva ('saro vale sthiramse ca ' iti medini ) 'gatram ' vapuh 'birbhata ' dharayati | ( naga-matrapakse'pi visesajani yojyani ) | 'anavaratam dhanusa ' piyala-humena ' 'samsprsta ' 'jya ' bhumih (sakaparthivaditvat 'samprsta ' ityasya lopah | ' dhanuh piyale na- iti santesu medini ) tasyam piyala-duma bhumau yat 'asphalanam ' gharsanam tena 'krura ' kathinah 'purvah ' purvabhagah yasya | anyani visesanani spastani | ( cheka-vrtti- atyanuprasah | parikaralamkarah | sleva upama cha | "sikhari cara-kariba prana- maram " iti pathitva prayoga-niyama-bhangah parihartavyah | yatasta ivadayah yatpurah sruyante tasmaivopamanatvam kalpayanti | 'manini ' tyapara-nama malini vrttam ) ) | upetyeti | 'grhitah parijnatah 'svapadah ' laksanaya svapadanam avastha- nani yatra tadrsam jatam 'aranyam ' | | 62 n. - 1. senapatih -- kulinah silasampanno dhanurveda - visaradah | hasti- siksa'sva - siksasu kusalah slaksna bhasanah | nimite sakuna jnane vetta caiva cikitsite | krtajnah karmanam surastatha klesasaha rjuh | vyuha-tatva-vidhana- najnah phalgu sara- visesavit | rajna senapatih karyah brahmana ksatriyo'thava " - Matsya-Purana . Ch. 189. 'pati ' at the end in a Samasa is 'ghi ' by 'pati samasa eva ' (1. 4. 8) and is declined like 'muni ' | But Cf. "patina "niyamanayah purah sukro na dusyati " -- Quoted by Prabha. 'raghunathaya nathaya sitayah pataye namah " - Ram. "naste mrte pravrajite klive ca patite patau " | - Parasara. 'patina |tvaya ' - Ram. 11. 101. 11; 'patima saha ' - VI. 48. 14 : 'faga qat'-48. 24. Some opine that there is a different

162 abhijnana- sakuntalam [ 62 NOTES pati-sabdah | 'atrahuh | patih ityakhyatah patih 'tat karoti tadacaste (2572) iti nici ti-lope, 'acah i: ' ( 588 ) ityinadika i-pratyaye, 'neraniti (6/4/4/51 ) iti ni-lope nispanno'yam pati-sabdah | 'patih samasa eva ( 12418 ' ) ityatra na grhyate laksanikatvat - T. 2. drsta-dosah-- For, sometimes death is the result. Cf. 'bhugaya -vihari simhat avapat vipayam 1-Raghuvamsha XVIII. 35. " dosah pranaharah &c. " - Kamandaka So hunting amongst several vices ( vyasana ) | cf. has been included . - | - " mrgayaksah striyah panam vakparusya- tham- dusane | dandaparusyamityetat he yam vyasana - saptakam " - H; (63 n. 6.) Cf. 'vrstadosamapi tanna so'tyajat 'Raghuvamsha XIX. 49. 3. svamiti - High official should use the expressions 'svamin ', 'deva ', &c. Cf. 'raja svamiti deveti bhrtyaih Sahitya-Darpana 'svam ' aisvaryam asti asya iti sva + matvarthe aminac ('svamin aisvarye ' -- 5.2.126.) iti svamin | 4. gunayaiva -- [ 'kriyarthopapadasya ' - ( 2/3 | 14 ) iti karmani 4rthi (Com. )] is better than 'guna eva ', as mrgaya has already been termed ' drsta-yosa ' | Cf. "gato madira-mada-dosah gunatam " - Kad. P. 850 samvrttah - ( Productive of) benefit - 'prayatna- preksaniyah samvrttah ' - Act. 1. 7. 5 anavarata dhanurjya - &c. Although 'jya ' has been separately mentioned, yet there is no tautology. (Vide 236 n. 4 ) ' dhanu- yadhvanau dhanuh srutirarudhe pratipatya " - Kavyalankara-Sutra-vrtti II. 2. 13 ; " -- jya sabdena uktvarthatve'pi dhanuh srutih prayujyate, arudha pratipattyam arohanasya pratipattyartham | na hi dhanuhsrutim antarena dhanusi arudha़ा jya dhanurjya iti sakyam pratipattum " -Tika; Raghuvamsha II. 59; XII. 103. This epithet may be applied to both the king and the tusker. In the case of the King-dhanuh a bow. jya = bow-string. asphalana Pulling. Again in the case of the latter, :=Piyala tree (Chiranjya sapida ), jya = Earth asphalana - Rubbing. (Like an elephant ) the fore-part (of whose body ) was roughened on account of its rubbing (its body) against the ground of Piyala tree. 6. sahisna - sodha, silamasya iti - saha + isnuc by 'alam krnna - nirakrna '- - iti isnuc - ( 3. 2. 136). 7. klesa-lesah- is better than sveba-sevasah, for physical exercises must always be accompanied by perspiration, unless there is any defect in tbe sudorific glands. --- =

62 NOTES ] dvitiyo'kuh 163 Cf. " tasya karkasa - vihara-sambhavam svevamanana -vilagna-jalakam | acacama satuvarasikaro bhinnapallavaputo vananilah " || - Raghuvamsha IX. 68 ; 'sveba-bhinnatilakam parisramat ' ' - Raghuvamsha XIX. 15 : "sramavasat ** sveda - jala -kanika santatibhi- ralamkriyamanamurtih " -- Kad. P. 54. Cf. - " sadhu mrgan | abhyasta laksya- megho nighnan na parisramam vrajati " -- Kuttanimatam of Damodara Gupta 710. 8. apacitam - apa + 'ci ' means to be 'wasted, reduced in bulk, but apacita meaning 'pujita ' is from 'cay ' dhatu | Vide 'apacitasca ' - ( 7.2.30 ). Cf. 'tatrapacita- balah praninah bhavanti surya-balatvat ' - Susruta-Samhita prana-saram - Vide (In. 8). vyayatatvat - "By reason of muscular development". 9. jayatu svami - Means pranato'smi " - Mammata Bhatta 'jayatvarthena namaskara aksipyate ' - Ibid ( 57 n. 9). 'svaminam Text : - raja --- mandotsahah krto'smi mrgaya'pavadina ' madhavyena | King-My zeal has been dulled by Madhavya denouncing* hunting'. senapatih ( janantikam ) -sakhe, sthira- pratibandho ' bhava | aham tavat svamina sivasa - vrttim anuvartisye | ( prakasam ) pralapatyesa bamdheyah ' | nanu prabhureva nidarsanam | meva - cheda- krsodaram " laghu bhavatyutthana- yogyam ' vapuh sardula- vikriditam ( masajasatataga ) sattvanamapi laksyate vikrtimancittam bhaya-kosayoh | utkarsah ' sa ca dhanvinam yavisavah sidhyanti laksye ' cale mibhyamva vyasanam vadanti rmrgayamivrgvinodah " kutah ||5|| General (Aside) - Friend, be steady in (your) opposition'. I will but sail close to the humour of our lord. (Aloud). This blockheads is raving. Surely Your Majesty himself is (our ) example. 4 The body with (its) belly growing attenuated from the reduction of fat, becomes light (and) "capable of (high) exertion. The minds of animals 7, agitated by anger and dismay, are noticed too. The superiority of the archers lies in the fact that their arrows succeed in (hitting) a moving" mark. Falsely indeed, do they condemn hunting as a vice. 10 Where else is (to be found) such pleasure 11 ? (5)

164 abhijnana-vakuntalam [62 NOTES -V. L. - ' pratibandho ' - R. V. M. S. 'pratijno ' - B. 'pralapati ' - B. M. 'pralapatu ' - R. V. S. 'vaidheyah ' - B. M. V. S. R's Com. 'vaidhaveyah ' - R. 'madhavyena ' - S; R. 'mathayyena ' - V. M.; 'madhavyena ' -- B. P . Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha rajeti | ' mrgaya'pavadina ' akheta - nindakena | ( 'apavadastu nindaya- majna- visrambhayorapi ' iti medini ) 'madhavyam ' iti vidusaka-bhidhanam tena | 'mandah ' hinah 'utsahah ' mrgayam ' prati agrahah yasya tadrsah ; nastodyama ityarthah | sena- patiriti | 'sthira ' drdhah 'pratibandhah ' rodhanam mrgaya pratibandha ityarthah yasya tathavidhah | 'cittavrttim anurvatasye ' arthat chando'nuvartanam krtva aham gayam stosyami tvam punah drdha़ prativadhana | anena prabhoh projanam mrgayanivartanaca dvayamapi sidhyet | prayena svaminah sevakavrndaih anaya ritya vancyante ityapi sucatura- kavina paridrstam | 'vaidheyah ' murkha-vidusakah ('ajne mudha़h - yathajata murkha- vaidheya - balisah ' ityamarah ) 'pralapati ' unmattavat anarthakam vakti ( ' pralapo'narthakam vacah ' ityamarah ) tatra astham ma karsih iti bhavah | 'nanu ' iti aksepe | mrgaya- gunavattve 'prabhureva ' svayam 'nidarsanam ' drstanta ( iti nanarthatikayam bharata ) | meva iti | 'vapuh ' mrgaya - silasya janasya sariram 'medasam ' vasana ('medastu vapa vasa ' ityamarah ) 'chedena ' ksayena hetuna 'krsam ' asthulam 'udaram ' yasmin tadrsam, ataeva 'laghu ', ataeva 'utthanasya ' sarvesu karmasu udyamasya ( ' utthanam udyame tantre pauruse pustake rane ' iti medini ) 'yogya ' samartha m ' bhavati ' | 'sattvana ' jantunam "satvamastra tu jantusu " ityamarah ) 'bhaye krodhe ' ca 'vikrtimat ' vikarayuktam cittam ('api ' iti purvavakya-samuccaye ) 'laksyate ' drsyate | pranabhayena palayamanana jantunam idrsam cittam ', kose ca idrg iti jnayate 'yad cale ' cancale dhavamane iti yavat 'laksye ' saravye ('laksam laksyam saravyam ca ' ityamarah ) 'isavah ' garah sidhyanti ' maphala bhavanti ' dhanvinam ' dhanuskanam ('dhanvi dhanusman dhanusko nisangayastri dhanurdhara ' ityamarah ) 'ma ca utkarsah ' naipunyatisayah | ( 'ca' iti samuccayam | tena kriya-mukhyalamkarah ) | bahu- gunanam nimittabhutam idrsi mrgayam mithya ' akaranam 'eva vyasanam ' papam kamajam dosamiti yavat ('vyamanantvasubhe saktau pana- stri- mrgayadisu ' iti medini ) | ' vadanti ' vidvamsah iti sesah | 'idrk vinodah ' kautukam 'kutah ' ('ku-ti hoh " 7|2|104 - iti kim sabda-sthanam ku- sabdadegah ) na kuno'pi sambhavati iti bhavah | ( mrgayayah vyasanatva'bhave purva vakya trayam hetutvenopattam iti kavyalingam | punah mrgaya-rupa- vyasanam gumja-rupeja " kalpitam ato'tra lesa-namalamkarasca - ''lamsastu dosa- gunayo guna-dosatva-kalpanam " iti tallaksanat | samujvaya'rthapatti-vrttyanuprasah| sardulavikriditam vrttam | |

63 NOTES 1 dvitiyo'nkah 165 anena padyena purvoktena 'anavarata ' ityadina ca vithyanga 'mrvam ' namopaksiptam | tallaksanam tu darpane - "dosa guna guna dosa yatra syu mumbavam hi tat | punah 'jayatu svami ' ityadina etadantena 'batiyam ' nama bhusanamupaksiptam | tallaksanantu tatraiva-- ' vasinyam cestaya vaca para-citta'nuvartanam ' ) ||5|| 63 n. - 1. sthira- pratibandho &c. - The Commander-in-chief, too, was tired of hunting, but considering his position he could say nothing openly to the king, hence he now takes the help of the jester who is much favoured by the king and is thus the fit person to oppose him. Both will abuse each other before the king as if really ill-disposed, while both wish that he should stop the chase and return to the capital. tavat - &c. -- Cf. 'prabhucittameva aham 2. bamdheyah vi + sam + yat karmani = -- hi jano'nuvartate '- - Shishupala-badha XV. 41. vidheyam, vidhanam ityarthah | tasya ayam (adhikari ) iti vidheya + an (4. 3. 120. ) = vaidheyah - One who is yet to learn the injunction of the scriptures, hence a booby'; R reads 'vaidhaveya ' (vidhavayah- putrah- a bastard), but remarks 'kvacit vaidheya iti pathah | sa sreyan | murkha ityarthah ' | 3. nana &c. - nidarsanam = Instance, illustration. Vide " nalini purva nidarsanam mata " - Raghuvamsha VIII. 45; Shishupala-badha JI. 50 and Mallinatha thereon. 'amguliyakamevatra nivarsanam ' - (204 n. 1) nanu-- Disapproves the grumbling of Vidusaka against mrgaya 4. bhavacheda &c. - mid snehane + asun by 'sarvadhatubhyah asun ' (u:- 638 ). According to Bharata, (3-638). and Chakrapani Datta, it is also akaranta | 'yanmasam sagnina pakvam sammedah ' iti kathyate ' ' It means fat and it does to the flesh what marrow does to the bones. Its proper seat is the belly. Cf. 'medo hi sarvabhutanam udaresvasthisu sthitam | ataevodare vrddhih prayoh medasvino bhavet ' - Bhp. The general means to say - Just as the performance of physical exercise reduces fat, so also their non-performance increases it. Cf. 'avyayama- diva svapna - slesmala- hara- sevinah | madhuronarasah prayah snehammevo vivarsayet ' - Ihid. krs + ktah =kusah by 'anupasargat phulla-ksiva- krso-llaghah -8. 2. 55. Cf. 'tapah krsah santyuda - kumbhahastah ' - BK. II. 20. uta, +stha + lyut | --- bhave = utthanam

166 - abhijnana- sakuntalam [63 NOTES 'udyoge ca ['udah stha-stambho purvasya - 8. 4. 61.] - udyoga - Activity, tayotthanam - Dharani. 5. dhanvinam -dhavi gati + kanin = dhanva (n) or dhanvan (n); dhanva + ini (ata ini uno - 5.2.115 ) Or dhanva asti asya dhanvan - ini by 'brihyadibhyasca - (5.2.116) . - Bhanuji Diksita 'vasumitrena dhanvina Mala. V. 'dhanvan ' belongs to brihyadi class. 'dhanviti bihyadipathat ' -Kavyalankara-Sutra-vrtti V. 2. 57. To hit a moving target is extremely difficult and archers (like William Tell) enjoy ineffable delight when they are successful. For similar idea, Cf. "akhetake'pi kautukamastyeva jayasca cancale laksye " - Kuttanimatam of Damodara Gupta 80. 'cala-laksya- vedha - kausalam 'Ibid. 951. 'jitasramatvam vyayama ama- meda-kapha-ksayah | cala - sthiresu laksyesu banasiddhiranuttama ' - Kamandaka. cala-laksya-nipatane bhayaruposca tadingita-vovanam | sramajayat 'paricayam pragunam ca karotyasau tanu- mato'numatah sacivai ryayau - Raghuvamsha 1 X.49. (yat ) sa ( utkarsah ) vidheya- pradhanyat pumlinga-nirdesah | Cf. 'saityam hi (yat ) (sa ) prakrti jalasya Raghuvamsha V. 54. 6. vyasanam vadanti - Refers to 18 kinds of vyasana | Cf. 'mrgaya'kso diva svapnah parivadah striyomadah | toryatrikam vrthatya ca kamajo dasakoganah || paisunyam sahasam droha, irsya'suyartha-dusanam | vagdandajam ca parusyam krodhajo'pi gano'stakah || - Manu-Samhita VII. 47-48. For eulogy on mrgaya, read "astam vyapararasah pravartita satkathapi mrgayayah | antarayati tanmanasama haradi -- kriyocitam kalam || " - Kuttanimatam of Damodara Gupta 958. Text :-- vidusakah ( sarosam ) - abehi re ucchaha hetua | attabhavam pa eifa avano| tumam vava basie-puto adavivo adavim ahindanto nara- masia - lolubassa jinja-ricchassa kassa bi muhe padissasi | 2 ( apehi re utsaha - hetuka ' | atrabhavan prakrtimapannah | tvam tavat dasya- putrah atavita . atavima hindamanah nara-nasika - lolupasya jirnaksasya kasyapi mukha patisyasi ) | Vidusaka (Wrathfully ) -- Get out you inciter. His Majesty has returned to (His) natural state. You rascal, wandering from forest to forest, will surely fall into the mouth of some worn-out 2 bear 2, greedy of human noses.

63 NOTES ] dvitiyo'nkah 167 raja --bhadra senapate, asrama- sannikarse ' sthitah smah | ataste vaco nabhi- namyani | adya tavat- sardula- gahantam mahiya nipana ' salilam bhrngahastaritam chaya-baddha-kadambakam mrga- kulam romandha 'mabhyasyatu | vikrida़िtam vilambam kriyatam varaha-satibhi rmusta-ksatih palvale | ( masajasatataga ) visramam labhatamidanca sithila - jya - bagdhamasmaddhanuh || 6|| King Good General, we are in the proximity³ of a hermitage. So I do not approvel of your remark. To-day then Let the bisons plunge into the waters of the puddles, having splashed it repeatedly with their horns; let the race of deer, forming groups under shades, practise rumination, let the 7 nibbling of sedges 7(Cyperus rotundus) be performed quietly by the herds of boar in the pool (and) let the bow of ours with the grip of the string loosened, enjoy repose. (6) V. L. R, S and Vomit apehi re utsahahetukah ' | from 'nara-nasika - lolupasya ' | 'visrabdham ' - R. V. M. S. 'satibhih ' - V. M. S. Nagesa Bhatta patibhih - Bhoja Vamana, Mammata Bhatta R. B. | Somits 'nara ' 'visrabdhah ' - B. M vidusaka iti | 're ' iti sambodhanavisesah ( sambodhane'nga, bho patpyat he, haim, ho''pi ca ' iti hemacandrah ) ' utsahasya ' udyamasya hetuh ' karanam ( 'kutsite ' - 5|3|74 iti kah ) | 'apehi ' duram gaccha | 'prakrti ' svabhavam ( ' prakrtirguna- samye syat amatyadi-svabhavayoh ' iti medini )' 'apannah ' praptah | 'dasyah pu pragvyakhyatah | 'ahindamanah ' bhramyan 'naranam nasikaya ' nasika - bhaksane ityarthah | 'lolupasya 'jirnaksasya ' vrddha-bhallukasya mukhe patisyasi ' marisyasi ca iti bhavah | gahantamiti | 'mahisah ' lulapah ( ' krtabhiseke bhupale lulape mahisah smrta ' iti rudrah ) nipiyate asmin yadva niyatam piyanti asmin iti 'nipanam ' tasya, ksudrajalasayasya ('ahavastu nipanam syat upakupajalasaye ' ityamarah ) 'salilam srngah muhuh ' punah punah 'tada़िtam ' aloda़िtam yatha syat tatha 'gahantam ' trasabhavat salile yatheccham nimajjana- sukham labhantam | 'mrgakulam ' harinayutham 'chayasu baddham ' udvegarahityat racitam 'kadambakam ' samhatih ( striyantu samhativrndam nikurambam kadambakam ' ityamarah ) yena tat ; arthat mandalibhuya

abhijnana- vakuntalam 168 [ 64 NOTES nisannam sat 'romanyam gilita-carvanam 'abhyasyatu ' paunahpunyena karotu ityarthah | 'varahanam ' sukaranam 'tatibhih ' srenibhih 'visrabdham ' nirbhayam yatha syat tatha 'palbale ' vesante, ksudrajalasaye iti yavat ('vesantah palvalo'stri ' iti vacaspatih ' | jatyaikavacanam ) 'mustanam ' trna-bhedanam 'ksatih ' mulotpatanam ' 'kriyatam ' vidhiya- tam | 'idam asmakam dhanusca 'sithilah ' slathah 'jyayah ' gunasya 'bandhah ' yasmin tatha- mutam sat 'visramam labhatam ' avyaparam tisthatu | pasu-vasat viramatu iti bhavah | ('visrabdham kurutam varaha- samitam mustaksati palvale ' iti pathitva trtiya- padastha- prakramabhangah samadheyah | srngah kasaravrndamambu saraso bhumnahatam gahatam ' iti pathitva linga-vacana- prakrama bhangah samadheyah | 'abhyasyatam ' iti pathitva dvitiya-padasthah atmanepada - prakramabhangasca parihartavyah ' iti siddhantavagisapadah | srutivrttyanuprasau | svabhavoktih | padatraye kriyasamuccayah | vastusvabha- vyadabhasatvam kavyalingam vyangatham | karya-karanayoh samakalatvenokteh ati- sayoktisca | sardula- vikriditam vrttam ) ||6|| 64 a - 1. nara-nasika -lola pasya &c. -- In the sense of garha, yana is used after lup by 'lupa -sada-cara-japa-jabha-daha-dasa - grbhyo bhavagarhayam ' (3. 1. 24); hence hence 'garhitam lumpati ' iti lup + yan + ac ( 3. 1.134) kartari = lolupah | ' nindayam kim ? kriya-samabhivyahare ma bhut | neha, punah punah (atisayena va ) lumpati - Prabha. Bears are said to be fond of human nose.-'rksa (Cf. Guzrathi rimcha, Marathi risa ) hi prayenadau nasikameva chindantiti prasiddhih - N. M also quotes from Dasakumara-Carita, VII,-- 'bhalluka manusyanam nasikam grhnanti ' | Optionally jirna-rksasya by 'rtyakah (VI. 1. 128) ; 'samase 'pyayam prakrti bhavah " - Siddhanta-Kaumudi 2. mipana &c.Is here a pool, and not a 'upakupa - jalasayah ' (R) ie reservoir near a well (for watering cattle). Kali. elsewhere also mentions 'nipana ' in a forest. Cf. 'nipanavanmrga- gavayopacitam vanam - Raghuvamsha IX. 53. 'sungah muhuh tada़िtam gahantam ' - Mark the Proplepsis here, for the buffaloes cannot splash the water before bathing. Cf. " vanyairidanim mahisaistadambhah srngahatam krosati dirghikanam - Raghuvamsha XVI. 13. 'kulam ' means a physical group of some species- 'sva- jatiya- gane gotre grhe'pi kathitam kulam - Visva qtd. Mallinatha on Kumara-sambhava VII. 2, while 'kadambaka ' means a collection of individuals, "striyam tu samhativrndam

64 NOTES ] dvitiyo'kuh 169 - nikurambam kadambakam " - Amara-Kosa, hence no tautology. 3. romanyamabhyasyatu (Let them indulge in chewing the cud ) -- involves prakramabhanga, (Com. ) - ' abhyasyatu ' should be replaced by 'abhyasyatam ' ('upasargad asyatuhyoh veti vacyam ' - Varttika 1. 3. 30) rogasya manyah romamnah (pusoda- raditvat - 6.3.109 sadhuh ) - Bhoja D. Rumination is a sine qua non in the case of certain beasts, as it is supposed to cure heir diseases. This implies complete freedom from fear. 4. varaha-satibhih (V. M ) is better than varaha - patibhih - (R), because to preserve symmetry with the first two lines (Cf. mahisah, mrga - kulam ), it is quite natural, that the poet should speak of swine in general. Elsewhere in Ritu-samhara, Kali, uses the term 'varaha-yutha ' in expressing exactly similar ideas. Cf. 'sabhadra mustam parisuska-kardama, baraha-yutho visativa bhutalam 'I. 17. Also palavala- panka-madhyat musta - praroha * *. 'duta-raha- kulasthamargam ( Hunting Excursion of Dasaratha, Raghuvamsha X. 59 ) varaha yuthani - II. 17. Now see (163 n. 2). For 'bilagdham ' See (24 n. 9.) 5. visrama - vi + sram + ghanna - 'visama ' and not "visrama ", as vrddhi is barred by 'nodattopadesasya mantasya nacame (7. 8. 34). Hence Bhattoji Diksita remarks - visvama iti tvapaniniyam ' (1385), and R following Vamana says 'vivantim iti pathaniyam ' | Vallavadeva is of the same tenor. Cf. 'visrama-sabdah kavinam pramadajah ' hence he reads 'visranti - hetoh ' in Meghaduta 26. T, however, justifies visrama as follows : - vi + sram + nic + ac - Now vrddhi is not barred by (7. 3. 34 ) ; but then 'mita hrasvah ' - 6.4.92, stands against it. But "ba " follows from the previous Sutra ('va cittavirage ' ) - 6.4.91, attaching optionality to 'mitam hasvah ' | Read - "sramah udattopadesatvat ghani vrddheh durlabhatvat | yadi tu 'dhuryat visramaya ' ityadivat nici vrddhimasritya nijantat 'erac ' (3/3/56 ) kriyate, tatha rupam sidhyati | na ca nici api vrddhi - nisedha . sankayah | 'nodattopadesasya ' (7|3|34 ) ityatra krti ityanuvrtya nici nisedha'bhavat | nacaivamapi 'mitam hrasvah ' ( 4/6/62 ) syaditi sakyam | 'va ' ityanuvartya vyavasthita vibhasa''srayena hrasva bhavasiddheh " - T. 3185 Kali, uses 'visrama ' also. Cf. 'athava avisramo'yam lokatantradhikarah -- Act. I before Sl. 4 : 'yadi evamapi nama visvamam labheya - II. Supra : 'kalpate visramaya-- Ji. 111. I -

170 adhisana-sakumhemlam [64 NOTES For 'visrama ', Cf. 'vibhamasca prasarati raveramsujale karale ' - PR. V. 25 ; 'visramah hrdayasya ' - Uttara-rama-Charita 1. 39; 'manusyaloka-pravesa- visrama sakhinam Anargha-raghava 1. 10; " yajjivati tanmaranam yanmaranam so'sya visramah ityadikah - prayogah sadhavah evati bodhyam " - T. Mallinatha commenting on 'vibhaga - hetoh ' Meghaduta 26, defends it by the Sutra - 'visramo va ' of the cavavyakarana, but in fact no such Sutra occurs in the said grammar. Perhaps he was thinking of the jaiva Sutra 'visramo va ' - 5.2.41. Read also sakatayana IV. 1. 233. and H. IV. 3.56. sili-kya &c. Cf. 'samhrta-karmuka - jyam ' - Raghuvamsha XII. 103. Remark This Sl. has been qtd. Kavya-Prakasa as an illustration of prakrama bhanga-dosah | Text : -senapatih - yatprabhavisnave rocate | General - As My Lord pleases. raja -- tena hi nivartaya purvagatan vana-grahinah | yatha na me samnika statovanamuparunvanti tatha niseddhavyah | pasya- upajati sama-pradhanesu tapodhanesu gudham hi vahatmaka 'masti tejah | [jata jagaga ] tata jagaga sparsanukula ' iva suryakanta stavanya-tejo'bhibhava 'tumanti ||7|| King-Then recall the forward-gone forest-surrounders¹. My soldiers should be so cautioned that they do not disturb the penance-grove. Know - That in hermits. in whom quietism 1 predominates¹, there is a lurking? flame² having the potency of burning. Like solar-gems agreeable to the toucht, this (flame) (they) manifest when provoked 5 by cther energiess. (7) senapatih- yamajnapayati svami | Generals - As My Lord commands. V. L. - ' iva - R. V. M. S. 'api ' - B. ' tadanya ' - R. V. M. S. 'tehyanya ' - B. 'vamanti ' - R. V. M. S. 'dahanti ' - B. senapatiriti | 'prabhavisnave ' ( 3|2|138 ) prabhutvasilaya ( ' rucyarthanam priya- manah - 114133 iti 4rthi )| rajeti | 'tena him ' hetuna 'purvam gatan ' (2|124 ) 'vanagrahina .' aranya - vestakan 'nivartaya ' pratyavartaya | senam raksanti iti 'sainikah '

65 NOTES) dvitiyo'nkah 171 ( 4/4133 ) - ( 'sainikah sainyarakse ca syat sena-samavetake ' iti madini ) | 'uparun- nyanti ' asramapidam janayanti | sameti | 'samah ' santih 'pradhanam ' mukhyam yesam tadrsesu santiparesu 'tapodhanesu ' tapasesu 'dahah ' dahanam bhasmikaranamiti yavat 'atma ' svabhavah ' ('atma kalevare yatne svabhave paramatmani ' iti dharanih ) yasya tathavidham ['sesat vibhasa ' (5/4/154 ) iti samasantah kap ] dahanasamartham ityarthah | 'tejah ' saktih agnih ityarthah ('adhiksepa'vanadeh prayuktasya parena yat | pranatyave'pi asahanam tasejah samudahrtam ' iti bharatah ) | 'gudha़ ' pracchannam 'asti hi ' ityavadharane | 'sparsasya anukulah ' yogyah, sparse satyapi adahaka ityarthah | 'suryakantah ' manibhedah yatha 'anyesam ' suryadinam 'tejasah ' 'abhimatah bhavah ' bhavanam praptih sambandhah iti yavat, tasmat gharsanat ityarthah (heti 5 mi ) 'tat ' guptatejah 'vamanti ' | 'iva ' | tadvat | 'sparsah anukulah ' yesam apadadi- nasakatvat 'te suryavat kanta ' manoharah tapasvinah 'anyesam nrpadinam 'tejasa abhibhavah ' parabhavah tasmat 'tat ' guptatejah 'vamanti ' prakatayanti | ( 'vasanti ' tyatra gauna-vrtya aslilata - pariharah | slesopama | anumanam kavyalingam ca | atra castanta- lankara iti nyayapancananah | dhane ghane stisya tejasteja iti cheka-dhusya- nuprasau | upajatih vrttam ] ||7|| KU. VI. 62. I • 65 a. -- 1. prabhavisnave prabhavitum silamasya iti pra + bhu + isnuc kartari (bhuvasca ' - 3.2.138 ) = prabhavisnuh - One who is in the habit of lording it over others, (hence in this case also your wish will prevail ). 'bhuvasca ' is a Vedic Sutra, hence Bhattoji Diksita remarks - "chandasityeva | bhavisnuh | katham tahi "jagatprabhoraprabhavisnu vaisnavam " iti | 'niranka ुsah kavayah '-3118; But- "bakarah anuktasamuccayarthah -- prabhavisnuh " - Prabha. 'kinkarah prabhavisnusu '- 'satruna prabhavisnuna ' - Mricchakatika X. 44. 2. purvagatan Optionally 'gata - purvan ' from the similarity of 'bhuta-purva ' used by Panini himself in 'bhuta-purve carat ' -- (5.3.53 ). Vide Siddhanta-Kaumudi 650. 3. sainikah- senam samavaiti ( ekamsibhuya prapnoti ) yah sah sena + nya ( 'senayah va '- 4. 4. 45 ) - sainya, pakse 'sainikah ', with thak by " raksati " - ( 4. 4. 33). 4. ampa-sebah &c. - ( i ) Military power (as opposed to Brahmanical power (ii) Rubbing (Com.) ; 'lyavlope karmani 5mi -- Varttika 2. 3. 28 ; abhibhavamasadya ityarthah | ( Also Com. ). surva- kantah - The Sun-stones (Vairagya-Sataka 37 ) Constant use of this gem is a clear proof of the

172 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 65 NOTES Hindus having conception of double convex lens. 5. bamanti Dandi says that such words as bamana, vanta (vomitting), nisthacuta (spitting) etc. when used in their metaphorical sense ('gaunavrtya ' ) beautify the composition, "Cf. nisthaghutodgirna-vantadi gaunavrtti-vyapasrayam| atisumdaramanpatra gramya-kaksam vigahate| padmani asu- nisthayutah pitva pavakaviprusah | bhuyo vamantiva murkhah udgirna'runa renubhih || iti hrdyamahrdyannu, nisthivati vadhuriti " - Kavyadarsa I. 95-97. 'nisthaghutascarano - paragasubhagah laksa - ramah ' - Sakuntala IV. 5; For similar idea Cf. "na tejastejasvi prasrtamaparesam prasahate ; sa tasya svabhavah prakrtiniyatatvadakrtakah | mayukhairasrantam tapati yadi devo dinakarah | kimagne yo grava nikrta iva tejamsi vamati " ||- Uttara-rama-Charita VI. 14. " yadacetanopi padaihsprstah prajvalati saviturinakantah | tattejasvi purusah parakrta- nikrti katham sahate " - Niti-Sataka 29. " That carries anger as the flint bears fire. Who much enforced, shows a hasty spark, and straight is cold again"-Julius Caesar IV. 3. 'It is as coldly in him as fire in a ffint, which will not show without knockingTrolius and Cressida. - Text :-vidusakah gaccha bho dasie-putta | dhamsa de ucchaha-vatanto ( gaccha bho dasyah putra | dhvamsatam te utsaha - vrttantah ) | Vidusaka - Avaunt Ye rascal. Down citation. (Exit General). (niskrantah menapatih ) with your in- 44 raja ( parijanam vilokya ) apanayantu bhavatyo mrgaya-vesam | raivataka, svamapi svam niyogamasunyam kuru | King (Looking at the attendant ) - Please doff' (your) huntingattires. Raivataka, you too attend your own duties. parijanah -- jam deo anaveda [ yat devah ajnanayati ] | (niskrantah ) | Attendant -- As Your Majesty commands vidusakah -- kirda bhaada nimnanchi | sampadam imassim (Exit). padaba cchaya-viraida- vivana- sana sila-ale ubavisadu bhavam java ahampi suhasino homi | ( krtam bhavata nirmaksikam | sampratam asmit padapa cchaya - viracita-vitana- manathe silatale upavisatu bhavan yavadahamapi sukhasino bhavami ) 1 Vidusaka-- Even the (last) fly has been driven off by you

65 NOTES ] dvitiyo'nkah 173 May you now take your seat on the slab of stone, furnished with a canopy, made by the boughs of (yonder) tree, while I, too, shall be seated at ease³. raja-gacchagratah | King-Go forward. vidusakah -- edu bhavam (aitu bhavan ) | ( ubhau parikramyopavistau ) | Vidusaka --- Come along, Your Highness. (This said, both turn round and sit). phalo'si | raja -- madhavya, anavapta caksuh phalo 'si yena tvaya darsaniyam na drstam | King-Madhavya, you have not as yet derived (any) proft from your eyes, as what deserves to be seen has not been seen by you. vidusakah -- nam bhavam aggado me battai ( nanu bhavanagrato me vartate .) | Vidusaka--Why, Your Honours is before me. raja -- sarvah kantamatmiyam pasyati | aham tu tam asrama-lalama '- sakuntalamadhikrtya bravimi | 2 King - Every one fancies (his) own as charming. But I am speaking apropos" of Sakuntala, the ornament of (this) hermitage 1. vidusakah - (svagatam ) hovu | se avasara na baissam ( bhavatu | ( bhavatu | asmam avasaram na dasyami ) | ( prakasam ) bho vaassa, de tabasa kannaa abhatvaniya bisa ( bho vayasya, te tapasa-kanyaka abhyarthaniya ' drsyate ) | Vidusaka (Aside ) -- I will not give him encouragement. (Aloud) Ho companion ! it appears that an ascetic-girl is to be courted³ by you (at last). V. L. - " gaccha bho ' &c. - Omitted by R. V. S. 'dhvasata ' - R. V. B. 'dhvamsita ' M. 'dhvasyatam ' - S. padapa-cchaya viracita - vitana-manathe silatale ' - B.M.P. padapacchayaya viracita uta vitana darsaniyayamasane ' - R. V. padapacchayayam avirala - lata-vitanasanaye asane-- S 'darsaniyam R. B. V. S. 'drastavyanam param ' - M. 'atmiyam ' - B. M. V. 'atmanam ' _R. S. viduvaka iti | 'utsahasya vrttantah ' grhita- svapadamaranyam iti varta ('vrttantastu prakarane karta sne varta prakarayoh ' iti haimah ) ) 'dhvamsatam ' nasam gacchatu ( prayena'yam akarmakah ) | rajeti | 'parijanam ' mrgaya- vesa-dhari-yavani-vrndam ' 18

174 abhijnana-vakuntalam [ 66 NOTES 'apanayantatu ' tyajantu | [ anena yuvati - pariharah ] | niyujyate asmin iti 'niyogah (adhikarana- vacye ghada- 3|3|121 ) tam, dvararaksa-rupadhikara-sthanam | 'asunya ' kuru ' dvara-samipam gatva sva-kartavye avadhanam dehi iti bhavah | (anena daubarika- pariharah ) | vidusaka iti | 'nirmaksika ' parijana-pasaranena jana-rahityam 'krtam ' iti | 'padapasya chaya ' laksanaya chaya -karakah vrksa-pallavah, tena viracitam ' yat 'vitanam ' ullocah ('vitanam yajna ulloce vistare pumnapumsakam ' iti medini ) tena 'sanaye ' yukte 'silatale ' pasana- prsthe | 'sukhena asinah ' upavistah ('id asah ( 7/2/83 ) iti a-karasya ikarah ) | gatropaghatat ksanamapi aham upavesanam vina sthatu na saknomi | api ca tvadupavesanat rte madupavesanamayuktam | atah sighramupavisa iti hrdayam | rajeti | 'na avaptam ' labdham ' caksusoh phalam ' yena tatha- vidhah 'asi ' tvam (sarvanama - pratirupakam avyayam ) | 'darsaniyam ' darsanarha manoharam sakuntalarupam vastu ityarthah | 'na drstam ' navalokitam | yadi netrabhyam darsaniyam na drsta tahi tayoh ka upayogah | ( 'raja - madhavya, anavaptacaksuh phalo'si ityarabhya trtiyanka samapti - paryantam pratimukhasamdhih | tallaksanam tu darpane 'phalapradhano- payasya mukhasamdhi-nivesinah laksyalaksya ivodbhedah yatra pratimukhanca tat ' ) | vidusaka iti | 'nanu ' ityaksepe | agratah sammukhe vartate | bhavantam muktvanyah kah sundarah vidyate | ata stava darsanena maya caksuh phalamavaptamiti vidusakasya vakyasayah | rajeti | 'sarvah atmiyam ' svajanam sneha-vasat ('kantam ') sundaram pasyati, natra vastavatvam kincit | sva-visaye sneho hi gunan aikikaroti iti hrdayam | ( " atra avimrsta-vidheyamsata - dosah " ) | laksanam tu uktam prak || 'asramasya lalama ' bhusanam ('pradhana-dhvaja-srngesu pundra - valadhilaksmasu | bhusa-vaji- prabhavesu lalamam syat, lalama ca ' iti rudrah ) tena 'bhutam ' tulyam ('sahasupa ' - 2-1-4 iti samasah | ' yukte ksmadi rte bhutam prapyatite same trisu ' ityamarah ) | vidusaka iti | 'avasaram ' sakuntala-varnanavasaram ( yadva abhilasa - prasaram ) anukula- vakyena na 'dasyami ' | ksatriya kulotpannasya 'te ' tava 'tapasa-kanyaka ' brahmana-- kanya 'abhyarthaniya ' prarthaniya | nitantagarhitamevaitat iti bhavah | 66. -- 1. dhvamsatam - 'dhvansu ksaye ' - (Let all your incitations prove futile) is Bhvadi Atmanepada and is generally intransitive, though its transitive use is not rare. Cf. 'yena dhvastamanobhavena valijitkayah purastrikrtah | svam niyogam (Raghuvamsha V. II) asunyam &c. - Frequently occurs in Dramas and is a courteous way of saying-"Please

dvitiyo'nkah - 175 66 NOTES ] go now". 'maudgalya, evamatrabhavatoravedya niyogamasunyam kuru - Mala II ; 'tvamapi svam niyogam asunyam kuru - VI. Infra. 'raksasah tvamapi svadhi- karama sunyam kuru - Mudra-Raksasa II; Svapna-Vasavadatta VI. (1 st speech) ; 'Now go to the door and stay there till we call ' - Macbeth III. 1. 2. nimamtikam - maksikanam abhavah ( abhavarthe avyayibhavah 2 1116 ) - Devoid of flies. (Cf. Fr. mouche-fly, mouchard-spy) i.e. absolutely lonely, as all the attendants have been sent way. Hence you can freely talk to me now without being overheard. Cf. 'nirmaksikam sampratam me priyavayasyasya ' - Vidha-sala- vanjika. III; ( 199 n. 1). 3. padapa &c. - Though it was early morning and the rays of the sun were not very keen still perhaps the jester was unwilling to have them, as basking in the morning sun is prohibited by the sastras. Cf. 'balatapah pretadhumah vajyam bhinnam tathasanam ' - Manu-Samhita IV. 69. where K quotes Medhatithi - 'prathamodita''ditya-sapah balatapah | sa ca muhurtatrayam yavat iti medhatithih ' ; Padma-Purana 1. 55.66; 'sukhasinobhavami - Vikramorvasiya III. 4. silatale tala means both 'svarupa ' and 'agha " : 'adhah svarupayorastri talam ' ityamarah ; Hence silatale = silayam ( sila- prsthe ityarthah ) | Similarly, bhumi-talam, kara-talam but 'vrksa-tale ' - Under the tree. anavapta caksuh phalah - God has given men eyes to see whatever is fit to be seen ( darsaniyam ) | In this hermitage Sakuntala, is the most beautiful (lalama ) thing to be seen. As vidusaka has not yet seen Sakuntala he has been given eyes in vain. Cf. 'parangananam, lolapangeyamdina ramase locanam vancito'si " - Parsvabhyudayam & Meghaduta I. 28. " sahaja - vilasa-nivasam tasya vapuranabhiviksamanasya | manye nakadhipateh sahasramapi caksusam viphalam || - Kuttanimatam of Damodara Gupta 121. 'drastavyam apasyanti vancayasi locanayugalam " - Kad. p. 329. "adya parisagaptam iksana-yugalasya drastavyadarsanaphalam " - Kad. p. 481. 5. nanu bhavan &c. nanu is indicative of disapproval. I am beholding the king, the worthiest object to be seen, in front of mehow is then your remark - 'anavapta caksuh phalo'si ' ? Cf. 'yadrcchaya sakrdapyabandhyayoh | pathi sthita mundari yasya netrayoh ' - Vikramorvasiya I. 9 ; (20811. 3). sarvah kantam &c. - Cf "A friendly eye could never see such faults"-Julius Caesar. 6. asrama-lalamabhutam-- 'lalama ' is both 'aka- -

176 abhijnana- sakuntalam [ 66 NOTES ranta ' and 'nanta ' | Ci. 'kanyalalama kamaniyam ajasya lipsoh - Raghuvamsha V. 64 qtd. Ksirasvami, and Raya-Mukuta-Mani Hence lalamena (or lalamna va ) bhuta -- lalamabhuta | The samasa is 'supsupa ', as 'bhuta ' is not included in 'purva sadrsa-samonartha - kalaha - nipuna misra - slaksanaih 2. 1. 13. Mallinatha also explains 'pratyarthi-bhutam ' in Kumara-sambhava 1. 59 as supsupa Samasa. But there is a serious difficulty. For 'bhuta ', 'nibha ', pratima ', &c. have the meaning only when they are final in compound - ( uttarapada ). Hence 'lalamena bhuta ' cannot mean 'lalamena tulya ' as bhuta is not here a final member in a compound. Bhanuji Diksita commenting on ("nibha-samkasa-nikasa-pratikasopamadayah - Anargha-raghava) remarks - ('ami nibhadaya uttara-pavastha eva sadrsa-vacana vacyalingah syuh | yatha 'pitrnibhah putrah '; 'matrnibha kanya ' | ' adina bhuta - rupa-kalpadayah | yatha pitrbhutah, matrbhutah --- pitrrupah, pitrkalpah ' ) | This being the case, say 'lalamena iba ' ( tulya ) iti 'lalama - bhuta ' iti asvapada-vigrahah nityasamasah | Cf. " samanyamiva samanya bhutam | bhuta-sabda upamarthe | yatha pitrbhutah iti " - Kaiyata caritravardhana on Raghuvamsha V. 34. adhikrtya - mudramadhikrtya ' -- Mala. II ; Raghuvamsha XI. 62. 7. tapasakanyaka &c. - ( 22 n. 1) The jester reminds the king of the injunction of the Sastras, prohibiting Ksatriya's marriage wth a Brahmins' daughter. Manu-Samhita III. 12, 13; (22 n. 1). abhyarthaniyah = To be wooed. Also Remark. - After the speech of Vidusaka, BP, Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha have the following Sloka supported by Kasmirian and some oldest Devanagara Mss. Most likely this is a genuine Sloka - dhina murkha ! nivarita-nimesabhih netrapamktibhirunmukhah | navamindukalam lokah kena bhavena qsafa' || (Fie fool, with what feeling do people with faces turned upwards gaze at the new light of the moon with the rows of their eyes ccasing to wink ? ) - ( The figure is aprastuta- prasamsa and the metre is iloka ) | - Text : - saja ( - - takha na parihaya ' vastuni pauravanam manah pravartate | arya [12, 18 12, 15] -- ' sura-yuvati sambhavam kila munerapatyam tadujjhita'dhigatam | arkasyopari sibilam vyutamiva ' nava-mallika - kusumam ||8||

66 NOTES ] dvitiyo'nkah 177 King-Friend, never does the mind of Puru's descendants incline towards a forbidden¹ object. The sage's daughter, I hear, (or really) is born of a celestial nymph, but found² (by him) when abandoned³,-like a Jasmin-flower severed (from its stalk) and fallen³ on the Arka tree (Asclepias or Calotropis gigantea). (8) visakah ( vihasya ) -- jaha kassa bi pinda lajju rehi ubvejiyassa tintilie, ahilaso bhave, taha isthia-raksana-paribhoino bhavado iam agbhatthana | ( yatha kasyapi pinda kharjuraih udve jitasya tintityam ' abhilaso bhavet, tatha stri-ratna- paribhogino ' bhavatah iyamabhyarthana ) ' | Vidusaka (Laughing ) - Just as one, surfeited with dates, may long for tamarinds, so enjoying the (very ) gems of women 5, Your Honour is paying this court(R). V. L- 'stri ' - R. V. S. 'antah pura stri ' - B. M '0 paribhoginah ' -B. P. '0 paribhavinah - R. V. M. S. rajeti | 'pauravanam ' puruvamsiya rajanam 'manah pariharye parihartu yogye anucite ityarthah, ['r-halornyat '-- ( 3|1|124 ) iti karmani nyat ] 'na pravartate dhavati | sureti | 'sithilam ' vrntat slathibhutam 'arkasya ' vrksa-bhedasya ('arko drubhede sphatike tamre surye vida़ौjasi ' iti | 'akanda ' iti bhasa ) | 'upari cyutam ' patitam, 'navamallikayah kusumamiva ' puspamiva 'ujjhitam ' (ayau ) svamatra menakaya pari- tyaktam, (pascat ) 'adhigatam ' kanvena praptam (iti snata-nuliptavat samasah - 2 | 1|47 ) 'sura- yuvatih ' menaka nama apsarah, tasyah 'sambhavah ' utpattih ' yasya tadrsam | 'kila ' iti vartayam | 'tat ' madabhilasitam vastu 'muneh kanvasya 'apatyam ' santatih, menakagarbha - sambhuta iyam sakuntala | jananya tyakta sati munina kanvena palita | ato ''matrvat varnasamkarah " iti smrti vacanat sakuntala na me pariharya iti bhavah | (upa talankarah | sruti-vrtyanuprasau | 'cyutamabhi navamallika-prasunamiva ' iti pathitva prayoga-prakramabhangah samadheyah | iyamarya | atra 'alyanam ' nama natayalankarah | " alyanam purvavrttoktih " iti darpana - laksanat ) || 8 || vidusaka iti | | " pindakhajuraih " sumadhuraih kharjura- visesah 'udvejitasya ' bhuktva bhuktva samutpanna- jihva'ruceh janasya 'tintilyam ' amlarasa yukta- cincayam ('amlika ca''mlika cinca tintida़ीka ca tintila ' iti candra ) 'abhilaso bhavet ' (sambhavanayam lina ) ' tatha ' tadvat 'stri- ratnani ' antah-

178 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 67 NOTES purasthani lalana sresthani | ( 'ratnam svajati - sresthe'pi manavapi napumsakam ' iti medini ) paribhoktu ' silam yasya tathavidhasya 'bhavatah iyam ' tuccha- vanavasi - ramani - samvandhini 'abhyarthana ' yacjna | 67 n. - 1. na pariharye (Tabooed, fit to be shunned) &c. - Cf. 'ka tvam subhe kasya parigraho va kimva madabhyagamakaranam te | acaksva matva basinam raghunam manah parastri-vimukha pravrttih || - Raghuvamsha XVI. 8. 2. sura - yuvati &c. - yuvan + ( taddhita ) ti striyam ( 'yunas ti ' 4. 1. 77. ) - yubatih | 'ataddhite- kim ? 'rnebhyo nip - 4. 1.5); [v =u by " sva-yuva-bhadhonam ataddhite " (6. 4. 133) ; a of van in yuvan is dropped by "ad lopo'nah "- (6.4.134). "suni . ( kukkuri ), yuni ( yuvatih ), madhoni ( madhabati ) " Prabha - P. 462]. "puni | yuvati - sabdastu strilinke 'ugitasca ' (4.1.6). iti nipa - - satr pratyayanta - yuvacchada- pratyayantah-- Prabha. 'yuvatih ' generally means a young woman, and sometimes woman in general. 'pramadasceti vijneya yuvatisca tatha smrta ' - Bhaguri. 3. kila 'avadharane ' (certainly) - S. 'vartayam ' (I am told ) - K. kila iti prasiddhi ' -R ; (41 n. 2). 4. apatyam na patanti pitarah yena jatena iti nanna + pat bahulakat yah | yadva 'annadayasca ' (u: - - 561 ) iti yak - Bhanuji Diksita Also Nirukta III. 1. 5. ujjhita &c. - (First) abandoned by her parents and (afterwards ) found by Kanva. ( Com. ). Hence the girl being basavarna-ksetra sambhava may be wedded by the king. (Com.). Thus the jestor's attack is invalidated. But our jester is not one to be easily silenced, so he again laughs (f) and ridicules the queer taste of the king. 6. pinda - kharjurah-- A kind of date growing in the western parts of India, very sweet to taste. Cf. "pinda-kharjurika tvanya sa dese pascime bhavet | kharjuritritayam sitam madhuram rasa - pakayoh | snigdham rucikaram hrdyam ksata-ksaya- haram guru " || - BhP. udvejita ud + vij + nic + kta karmani - Palled, got tired. Cf. 'sidhu-panodve jitasya ' - Mala. III. 'ratna ' means (Com.) The idea is-You have no real love for the girl, but you, being temporarily bored with the beauties of your seraglio, are longing for the woodland-girl, exactly as a man surfeited with too much of sweets wants some jam or jelly

67 NOTES ] dvitiyo'nkah 179 for a change only. R's 'paribhavinah ' (i.e. one scorning the jewels of woman) is bad, as it is not in consonance with 'kharjuraih udve jitasya ' | Cf. "Nay but the dotage of our general's Overflows the measure"- ( Philo to Demetrius) in Antony and Cleopetra. I. I; " ksira chanaya maje na mana nalte sake maje | vidyanidhi tyajya kari akata murkho bhaje | dipti tumi tyajile hire, kalo jire yatna karle ati | phele muktamani cintamani ratite halo rati " - Dasarathi Raya. "The cloyed will. That satiate yet unsatisfied desire, that tub Both filled and running, ravening-first the lamb, Longs after for the garbage." -Cymbeline. I. VI. I Text :-- raja - na tavadenam pasyasi yena evamavadih | King-You have not seen her (and) hence you talk in this fashion. vidusakah -- tam klu ramanijjam jam bhavado vi vimhaam uppadevi | ( tat khalu ramaniyam yat bhakto'pi vismayam utpadayati ) | Vidu, aka - That must be (surpassingly) attractive, which excites admiration even to Your Majesty. raja -- vayasya, ki bahuna - vasantatilaka citre nivesya parikalpita-satva-yoga ' rupoccayena manasa vidhina krta nu | (tabhajajagaga ) stri-ratna-srstirapara pratibhati sa me dhatuvibhutva 'manucintya vapusca tasyah || 9 || King - Friend, why say much ? - (When I) consider the omnipotence of the creat or and her (graceful ) form (lineament), she appears to me to be another (extraordinary) creation of a gem of woman, combined with life' by the creator after having delineated' (her) in a picture, or perhaps mentally fashioned (by Him ) with (all) the sheaped up beauties. (3 Assemblage of lovely forms - M . ) (9) -V. L. - ' citre - V. M. S. 'cite ' - B. 'satvayoga ' - R. V.S. 'satva- yogat ' - M.. 'sarvayogat ' -- B. 'manasa vidhina krta nu ' -- R. V. M. S, 'ghatita manasa krta nu ' - Bhoja R's. Com 'vidhina vihita krsangi '- -- - -B.

280 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 68 NOTES rajeti | 'enam ' sakuntalam 'tavat na pasyasi ' apasyah ityarthah (atitarthe lat | chambasa - prayogo'yam ) 'yena ' hetuna 'evam ' avadi ' vadasi ( vartamanartha luna | vaidiko'yam prayogah 3 | 4 | 6 ) | rajeti | anena pratyanga-varnana kartum na sakyam ityuktam | citra iti | 'dhatuh ' brahmanah 'vibhutvam ' nirmana- naipunyam, 'tasyah ' sakuntalayah 'vapusca ' sumanoharam sariranca 'anucintya ' vibhavya (sthitasya ) iti sesah | 'me sa ' sakuntala vidhiyate anena iti 'vidhih ' brahma ( ' upasarge ghoh kih ' ( 3|3|12 ), 'vidhi brahma-vidhanayo .' iti hemacandrah ) tena | 'citre nivesya ' adi alekhyam samayam ayitva, pascat 'parikalpitah ' nivesitah 'sattvasya ' prananam ('satvam dravyam gune citte vyavasaya svabhavayoh | pisacadau atmabhave vale pranesu jantusu ' iti hemacandrah ) 'yogah ' sambandhah yasyah sa krta- pranayoga ityarthah | ( manye adaviyam citrapita, pascattu jivana-samyogam prapita, anyatha idrsa-rupa-lava- nyasya'sambhavyatvam syat ) | 'manasa nu ' kimva cittena karanena ('nu syat prasne vikalpanyapyanita'nunayarthayoh ' iti visvah ) 'rupanam ' saundaryanam arthat candra-prabhrnyupa- mana-vastujatanam 'uccayena ' ekatra samavesena, upadana - karanena ca, 'krta ' nirmita 'apara ' anya 'stri- ratnasya ' ramanisresthasya ( ' jatau jatau yadutkrstam nadratnam iti kathyate ' iti yadavah ) 'srstih ' krtih 'pratibhati mama dharana ityarthah | manasi krtih iti kim ? anyatha kara- tulikadi-sparsena asya madhurya-hanih syat | ( anena saukumarya dhvanitam| tathacoktam - 'yat sparsa- sahatangesu komalasyapi vastunah | tat saukumaryam ' || prathama-carana-dvaye samdehalankarasca | 'apara srstih ' ityatra brahmana tilottama nama adyam striratnam srstam iti bharata vartanumandheya | kavyalingam | sruti vrttyanuprasi | 'apara ' srsti ' iti bhedarupa'tisayoktih | " ayam raja aparah pakasasana ." iti darpano- daharanavat | vasantatilaka vrttam ) ||9|| | | - 68 n.-1. na enam pasyasi * * avadih The construction will appear queer from the standpoint of Classical Sanskrit, as the previous action () is in the present tense, while the action following () is in the past tense, but it is quite regular from the standpoint of Vedic grammar lat may be used for lana, by 'sarve vidhayah chandasi vaikalpikah ' or by the Karika- 'sup - tina - upagraha - linga-naranam kalac-svara-kartr yananca | vyatyayamicchanti sastrakrdesam so'pi ca sidhyanti bahulakena ', and by "chandasi luna,-lana, litah " - (3.4.6) la & lit may

68 NOTES } dvitiyo'nkah * * 181 be used for any tense -- ' patvarthanam sambandhe sarvakalesu ete va syuh " - Bhattoji Diksita (3423). Thus pasyasi = apasyah, avadih = vadasi | Read - " adya mamara | " mriyate ityarthah " - Prabha. ( Also 182 n. 8 on jagama ) | Cf. "duskaram krtavan ramo hino yadanaya prabhuh | dharayati atmano deham na sokena avasidati - Ram V. 15.53. 'barayati dadhara ityarthah -- Rama (Commentator); 'anyonyam kupita janu * * | 1 na te dadrsire ramam dahantamapi vahinim | te tu ramasahasrani rane pasyanti raksasah | punah pasyanti &c. - Ibid VI. 93, 24. 26; 'yada bahirgacchati parthivatmajah tada abhavat dvaramapavrtam svayam "Buddhacharita VIII. 46 ; ( 119 n. I). We shall often meet with Kali's fancy for archaic uses of words, idioms and metres. These things are essential in fixing the date of Kali. vismayam &c. - "bilabha " for 'viraha " is wrong - (3 n-1). Cf. 'idrsam kanyaratnam manusyaloke na drsyate | tat tarkayami prajapaterapi enam nirmaya vismayah samutpannah " - Rat. II. 2. parikalpitah &c. - pattva-yogah - Infusion of life ; parikalpitah sattvayogah yasyah = parikalpita-sattvayoga - One who is inspired with life (by the creator ). Cf. 'parikalpita - sannidhya ' - - - Raghuvamsha IV. 6. 3. rupoccayena - With a collection of all that is beautiful. It is the material cause ( samavayikarana ) | Cf. 'sarvopamadravya- samuccayena yathapradesam vinivesitena | sa nirmita visvasrja prayatnadekastha- saundarya - didrksayeva ' - Kumara-sambhava I. 49. 'triloka- saundaryamivoditam vapuh -- Kumara-sambhava V. 41. "asphalayato nunam dhanuratanoh kausumam rajah patitam| samgrhya sa mugatri visvasrja nirmita tena || - Kuttanimatam of Damodara Gupta 108. Cf. also the description of 'Urbasi' in Vikramorvasiya I. 8 ; Malati-Madhava 1. 21.; V.9. "A miniature of loveliness, all grace summed up and closed in little"Tennyson. 4. manasa krta nu- suggests an alternative (Com. ) . manasa -- karane sya | This is the instrumental cause ( nimitta karana ) | The idea is The creator was so very particular about such a flaw-less beauty that he did not even touch her with hands or brush, but he created her mentally, so that her beauty might not be tarnished by touch. For a similar idea, Cf. 'manye ca matanga-jati-sparsa-dosa-bhayat asprsata hayamut- parita prajapatina anyatha kathamiyam aklistata lavanyasya | nahi kara-sala-

182 abhijnana- sakuntalam " [ 68 NOTES sparsa-klesitanam avayavanam idrsi bhavati kantih ' - Kad. p. 42. Also 'prajapati - drdha़-nipida़िta - madhyabhaga ' &c. - p. 690 ; 'enamutpadayato vidheh karatala- paramarsa-klesena ' &c. - p. 702. 5. striratna-srstirapara - ramante asmin iti rama +na ['ramesta ca ', u:- 301 ] - ratnam, strinam ratnam (srestham ) = striratnam this may refer to the creation of tilottama (adya striratna-srstih ) by the (creator himself) for the destruction of the demons 'sunda ' and 'upasunda ' | Read "sundopasunda-nasah phalamatmabhuvam tilottamasrsteh | janamrtaye tam srjata ki drstam surahitam tena || - Kuttanimatam of Damodara Gupta 963. "sribhagavanuvaca | tilottama nama pura (brahmana ) yosiduttama | tilam tilam samuddhrtya ratnanam nirmita subha " || 1 || - Maha. (anu-sasana-pavem uma-mahesvara - namadhyayah ) | In the Adi (2. 11. 15. q.v.), however, she is said to be created by visvakarma by the order of Brahma. The poet means to say that this Sakuntala is another ( apara anya apurva -- K.) matchless creation of the most perfect beauties of the creator. According to C and S, refers to Laksmi, the goddess of beauty. In Mricchakatika vasantasena is termed Laksmi by Vita - 'apadma sriresa - V. 12; Also Cf. " aparamiva purusa dvesi prajapati- nirmanam " - Kad. p. 673; 'ayamaparah munimayamayo makaraketurutpadita . - Ibid. p. 542. 'rajani-kara-kala-kalapa- lavanyena nirmita * bhagavati dvitiyeva gauri ' &c. Ibid p. 528. Or, apara means avidyamana para yasyah - That which has no mauch, nonpareil. Or again, na parah ( uttarah ) yasyah sa - apara which has nothing after it i.e., the last. The idea is-fata has shown his last skill in this matter; Or, in other words Sakuntala is the culmination of the Creator's skill. "parah sresthari duranyottare klivam tu kebale " iti medini | Cf. "nirmana- daksasya samihitesu simeva padmasana -kausalasya - BK. 1. 6. (Also Milton quoted below). 6. dhatuh vibhutvam &c. - Brahma is not only a dhata (creator, protector, dudhanna, dharana-posanayoh ), but He is also vibhuh (all-powerful, omnipotent). This is why it has been possible for Him only to create such a nonpareil beauty (Cf. " katham nu manohara-midam rupam purano muni " muni " - Vikramorvasiya I. 8.). omnipotence, even the creator had to paint an * * nirmatum prabhavet Despite His out-line of her

68 NOTES ] dvitiyo'nkah 183 faultless figure first, and later on He infused life-breath into it. But the king does not seem to be satisfied with the idea that she was first painted in a canvass, so he rectifies himself by saying that the creator created her mentally. (For reasons vide n. 4). For the same idea differently expressed, Cf. 'ya tatra syat yuvati-visaye srstiradheva dhatuh -- Meghaduta II. 21 & Parsvabhyudayam Dr. Wilson quotes the following from Milton describing Eve-"Oh, Fairest of creation? last and best of all God's works"-Paradise Lost, IX. 1, 896; also Cf. "Thou cunning'st pattern of excelling nature" - Othello. V. 2 ; "So perfect that the gods who formed you wondered. At their own skill and cried, A lucky hit has mended our design " -- Dryden (All For Love. I. ) " saundarya tatta - drsamasesayosid - vilaksanam srjatah | yannispannam dhatustanmanye kakataliyam " | -Kuttanimatam of Damodara Gupta 120. In the last half, 'anucintya ' has its Nominative ( aham ) understood, while the Nominative of 'pratibhati ' - is a different word 'sa '| This goes against the rule 'samana- kartrkayoh purvakale '- (3. 4. 21) ; i.e. the Nominatives of the infinite verb with ( ktva ) or ( lyap ), and the finite verb must be the same. For such anomaly, read Vairagya-Sataka III. 6 ; Parsvabhyudayam & Meghaduta 12; Mudra-Raksasa II. 21 ; Vikramorvasiya II. 10 ; ( 60 n. 1 ). The difficulty of ekakartrkatva is removed by considering such verbs as 'sthita ', 'udyata ', 'vyavasita ', 'bartamana ' &c. to be understood after the infinite verb. Read - " iha putram drstra sukham bhavati ' ; "satrum drstra duhkham bhavati ' : 'papam krtva anutapah syat ' ; ' rathe tu vamanam drstra punarjanma na vidyate ityadi 'sthitasya ' iti padam adhyaharyam (uhyam ) " - Prabha; T. - 3329. Also 'avajanasi mam ' yasmadataste na bhavisyati | mat- prasutimanaradhya prajeti tvam sasapa sa ' || ityatra aradhana-kartr kartr ka kriya nastiti sthitasya te ityadhyahrtya vyakhyeyam | evam "snatva kanakhale tirthe punarjanma na vidyate ", "pratah kale sivam vrstva nisi papam vyapohati " ityadavapyuhyam ' ---- prabha on "vaiyakarana - bhusana- sarah - p. 442. 7. According to R's construction there is - 'samapta - punarasata dosah ' in this Sloka, as the sentence seems to be complete in the third Jine, and the fourth line seems to be a separate sentence. |

384 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 68 NOTES. Hence he remarks 'trtiya- caturtha caranayoh vyatyaya-pathana samapta- punarasata bosah parihartavyah ' ie the 3 rd and 4 th lines should change places. Text : -- vidusakah - jai evvam paccabeso dani ruvavadonam ( yadi evam pratyadesa idanim rupavatinam ) | Vidusaka-If that's so, (all the) beauties are put to shame. raja - ivanca me manasi vartate | sikharini anaghratam puspam kisalaya ' malunam ' karavaham ra ' anaviddha * rasnam madhu navamanasvavita-rasam | ( yamanasabhalaga ) akhandam punyanam phalamiva ca tadrupamanagham ' 5 na jane bhoktaram kamiha samupasthasyati vidhih || 10 || King - This again occurs to my mind Her spotless beauty is (like) a flower (as yet) un-smelt, a tender sprout 1 not ( yet) torn 2 by finger-nailss, a gem not ( yet ) perforated, fresh mead whose flavour is not (yet) tasted, (o. ) like the very fruit of pious deeds not (yet) divided. I know not whom the creator will resort to as the enjoyer in this case. (10) V. L. - 'anaviddham ' - R. V. M. 'anamuktam ' - S. B. - vidusaka iti | 'pratyadesah ' nirakrtih | ( ' pratyakhyanam nirasanam pratyadesah nirakrtih ' ityamarah ) | anaghratamiti | 'anagham ' apapam dosa-lesa - sunyam iti yavat ('anadho nirmala'papa- manojnesu abhidheyavat ' iti medini ), tasyah sakunta- layah 'rupam saundarya ' (tallaksanam yatha -- ' anganyabhusitanyeva kenacid bhusanadina | yena bhusitavad bhanti tadrupamiti kathyate ' iti ujjvalanilamanih ) 'anaghratam ' agrhita- gandham sadyah prasphutitam vrnta- sthitam ityarthah | 'puspamiva ' | 'kararuhaih ' nakhaih ( ' punarbhavah karatahi nalo'stri nakharo'striyam ' ityamarah ) 'alunam ' acchinnam 'kisalayam ' navapallavam iva | 'anaviddham ' vedha-rahitam deha samsargena'dusitam iti bhavah | 'ratnamiva ' | 'na asvaditah ' upabhuktah 'rasah ' madhurya 'navam madhu ' ksaudram pusparasam iti yavat, "na tu madyam purana- madyasya evam utkrstatvat ' | ('madhuh caitre ca daitye ca madye pusparase madhu ' iti hattacandrah ) yasya tat | 'punyanam ' pavitra''carananam ' akhandam ' avibhaktam 'phalamiva ' phalasya khandatve- tasya kathancid vaikalyam syat | 'vidhih ' brahma 'iha ' sakuntalayah saundaryavisaye 'ka' janam 'bhoktaram ' sambhogadikarinam 'samupasthasyati ' anukulyena upagamisyati |

69 NOTES ] dvitiyo'nkah 185 na jane ' [' anupasargat jnah ' (1|3|76 ) iti kartrabhipraye kriyaphale atmanepadam ] (malo- pamalankarah | anaghratamityadi visesananam sabhipraya prayogat parikaralankarasca | sruti vrttyanuprasau | atra guna-kirtanam nama nataya-laksananca | tallaksanam yatha darpane -- "gunanam kirtanam yattu tadeva guna-kirtanam " | sikharini vrttam ) ||10|| - +ka 69 n. - 1. pratyadesah - Eclipsing, supplanting, putting to shade ( Com. ). Cf. 'pratyadesah rupa- garvitayah sriyah ' - Vikramorvasiya I; 'pratyadista-visesa- mandana '-VI. 6. infra ; Raghuvamsha 1. 61. 2. alunam &c. - lu + kta karmani -- lunam | ('caifery:'-8. 2. 44). zfa 'a' gue 'a' 1 (A twig) not culled and made into ear-rings, hence abhaktam (unenjoyed ). Cf. ( savaya'luna- pallavah ' - Kumara-sambhava II. 41 ; "As chaste as is the bud ere it be blown "-Much Ado About Nothing - IV. I. kare rohati iti kara + ruha + ka kartari ('igupadha-jna- pri- kirah kah - 3.1.135] - kararuhah - Nail. 3. aviddham = a + vyadh + kta karmani -- Perforated, bored; vyadh vyadh == vidh ( samprasarana ) by ' grahi - jya vayi vyadhi-vasti-vicati-vrscati prcchati bhrjjatinam niti ca ' - ( 6.1.16) ; na aviddham - - anaviddham - Not bored for using as an ornament (Raghuvamsha 1. 4), hence abhukta| This reading is certainly better than 'anamukta ', as it is an excellent epithet for • a virgin 4. akhandam &c. - Not cut in twain, hence not yet partaken of. Men enjoy the fruits of their respective cs in heaven as long as their stock of merit is not exhausted. (Cf. "ksinibhute- sucarita-phale svaginam gam gatanam " - Meghaduta & Parsvabhyudayam ); " ksine punye martyaloka visanti " - Gita. IX. 21 ; " ksina- punya iva gaganataraka " - Mricchakatika IV.) but whoever gets Sakuntala , (whose beauty is the result of all the merits done in previous birth) will enjoy uninterrupted happiness. Cf. "Age cannot wither nor custom stale Her infinite variety"-Antonio and Cleopetra. 5. anadham rupam - Cf. "Oh fresh stainless youth"-- Twelfth Night. II. 5. samupasthasyati - The ordainer will approach or resort to (with a view to inviting him to enjoy such a beauty). Cf. "dhanya sa ya laksmiriva * karatalamasya vasundhara - sapatni grahisyati " - Kad. p. 332. "kim khalu krtamavadatam karma vasundharaya yayasi

186 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 69 NOTES bharta samasaditah " - p. 375. upa + stha does not mean 'deva-puja ' &c. - (1. 3.25.), hence no Atmanepada or, Atmanepada is optional by the Varttika, 'va lipsayam iti vaktavyam ' ( 1.3.25 ). 6. For a similar idea. Cf. 'kvakarya sasa - laksmanah kva ca kulam bhuyo'pi drsyate sa | dosanam prasamaya na srutamaho kope'pi kantam mukham || kim vaksyantyapakalmasah krtadhiyah svapne'pi sa durlabha | cetah svasthyamupehi kah khalu yuva dhanyo'gharam dhasyati " - Quoted by Mammata Bhatta Also Cf. the First four lines with the following Latin poems-"Ut flos in septis secretus nascitur hortis, Ignotus pecori, nullo contusus aratro, Quem mulcent auroe, firmat sol, educat imber : Multi illum pueri, multae optavere puelle: Idem quum tenui carptu defloruit ungui, Nulli illum pueri, nullae optavere puellae : Sic virgo, dum intacta manet--" Catulius, Carmen Nuptiale, 39.-( i.e. Just as a flower springs up secretly in a fenced garden, unknown to the cattle, bruised by no plough, which the wind caresses, the sun strengthens, the shower draws forth ; many boys, many girls desire it; when the same flower fades, nipped by a sharp nail, no boys, no girls desire it: So also a maiden as long as she remains virgin (i.e. untouched ). Cf. 'aparaksita- komalasya yavat ' &c. Act. III. 22. Remark : - This Sloka variation in the 3 rd and bhavadrupamanasam | na jane bhoktaram kamiha samupasthasyate iti | Most probably this (also 'bhavanti namra ' &c. - Sakuntala V. 12 ; 'prarabhyate khalu ' &c.-Mudra-Raksasa II. 17, 18.) are interpolations by the copyists on Bhartrhari. This sloka has also been quoted by Dhananjaya as instance of 'sobha ' ('rupa-yauvana- lalitya - bhogadyai rangabhusanam sobha prokta ') | occurs in srngarasataka with a little 4 th lines. * akhandam punyanam phalamiva Text : -- vidusakah tena hi lahu paritaa nam bhavam | ma kassavi tabassino ingudi-sella- cikkana-sisassa hatthe niparissadi ( tena hi laghu ' paritrayatamenam bhavan | ma kasyapi tapasvinah inga ुdi tala- cikkana- sirsasya ' haste nipatisyati ) | Vidusaka-Then, indeed, let Your Honour rescue her att

69 NOTES ] dvitiyo'juh 187 once¹, so that she may not fall into the hand of some hermit with' his head unctuous (greasy ) with Ingudi oil. 3 raja ---paravati khalu tatrabhavati | na ca sannihito'tra gurujanah | King-But Her Ladyship has a master ; moreover her father is not present here. 1 vidusakah -- atha bhavantam antarena kibiso se bitta-rao | ( atha bhavantam antarena kidrsah asyah drstiragah ) | Vid usaka - Regarding Your Majesty, what sort of sight passion has she got? raja -- nisarga 'deva pragalbha ' stapasthi-kanya- janah | tathapi tu - hasitamanya-nimitta-krtodayam drutavilambita abhimukhe mayi samhrtamiksitam hasitamanya- nimitta krtodayam | vinaya-varita-vrttiratah staya na vivrto ' madano na ca samvrtah || 11 || ( nabhabhara ) 5 King - An ascetic's daughter is indeed shy and reserved by nature. Yet- (When) I faced (her), her glance (towards me) was withdrawn, (and) she smiled as if it was occasioned by some other cause (unconnected with me). Hence her love, with its progress checked by modesty,3 was neither unveiled nor smothered 5. (11) V. L. - ' tailacikkana - B. M. 'taila-misra - cikkana ' - R. S. V. S reads 'aranyakasya ' after ● 'sirsasya ' | 'atha ' - B. M. 'atra ' R. V. 'bhavantam antarena - R. V. M. S. 'tavopari-- B. iksitam-- B. M. V. 'iksanam ' - R. 'krtodayam ' - R. V. M. S. 'kathodayam - B. :) - -- vidusaka iti | 'enam ' saku ·talam 'laghu ' 'enam ' sakuntalam 'laghu ' sighra ('atha sighra tvarita laghu ksipramaram drutam ' ityamarah ) 'inga di-tailena cikkanam ' masrna ('civakanam masrna snigdham ' ityama rah ) ' sirsa ' mastaka yasya tathavidhasya kasyapi tapasvina dinasya tapasasya ityapi vyajyate 'harate ' sa 'patisyati ' iti 'ma ' (varanartha kamavyayam etat | 'masma madalam ca varane ityamara ) | mabhut ityarthah | rajeti | 'paravati ' paradhina ( para- tantrah paradhinah paravan nathavanapi ityamarah ) | 'na sannihitah ' atrasrame upasthitah 'guru ' eva 'jana ' pita ityarthah ( 'guruh pita guruh viprah ' iti garda simhah ) asmat kathamenam turnam parinesyami iti bhavah | vidusakaiti | atha ' iti vikalpe ('athatho samsaye syatam adhikareca mangale | vikalpah nantara - prasna- kartasnayarambha-sama-

188 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 70 NOTES ccaye ' iti medini ' ) 'bhavantam asarena ' prati drstiragah kidrsah ' sa tvayi anurakta na veti | yato'nuraga'bhave tatprapti-kamana modhaiva | rajeti | 'nisargadeva ' svabhavadeva ('nisargah srstau svabhave ca ' iti haimah ) | 'apragalbhah ' anisankah lajja- sila iti yavat ('nihsankata prayogesu budhairukta pragalbhata ' iti ujjvalanilamanih ) 'tathapi tu ' apragalbhatve'pi iti slokena anveti | abhimukha iti | 'mayi ' dusyante 'abhimukhe sakuntalayam datta drstipate sati 'iksitam ' locanam (krdabhihito bhavah dravyavat prakasate ' iti nyayat ) 'taya ' sakuntalaya 'samhrtam ' anyatra preritam ( anamna srngaralajja dhvanyate ) | 'anyat ' madbhinam 'nimittam ' karanam, tena 'krtah janitah 'udaya ' avirbhavah yasya tadvat | tatha 'hasitam ' hasyam krtam | (anena anuragah dhvanitah ) | 'atah taya ' sakuntalaya 'vinayena ' svasiksaya lajjaya ityarthah | ("vinayah siksa pranayoh vinaya tu balausadhau " iti hemacandrah ) 'varita ' ruddha 'vrtti ' pramarah yasya sa 'madanah kamah 'na vivrtah ' prakatitah 'naca samvrtah ' guptah ( iti virodhabhasah | yathasamkhyamalankarasca | vrttyanuprasah | drutavilambitam vrttam ||11|| 1 * * 70 n. -- 1. ma kasyapi tapasvinah &c. - The jester re-echoes the thought which once did actually strike the king. Cf. raho nivatsyati samam harinanganabhih - ( 44 n. 5). For a similar idea, cf. Malati-Madhava 11. 6. 2. paravati -- 'parah ' svami asyasti | matup ( 5/2/54 ) - Bhanuji Diksita Having a master, hence dependent (f). Cf. 'bhavanapidam paravanavaiti mahan hi yatnastava devadari ' - Raghuvamsha II. 56 ; XIV. 59 ; (83 n. 4). 3. atha Implies vikalpa ( 250 n. 6). The idea is Granted that she is 'paravati ' and her father is 'asannihita ', still some plans may be chalked out, in case she loves you (aya - - prasne - S.). 4. bhavantam antarena - saptamyarthe 2ya | "saptamya dvitiya " iti sutrena | udaharanam ca -- "vijyujjo am marai rati " | vidyudyotam smarati ratrau ityarthah | tena 'atravabhati ' pujye 'antarena visesena kidrsah tasya drstiragah ' | 'antaram ' * visese'vasare'vavi ' iti hemah - R. He further opines that 2ya, cannot be used with 'antarena ' when the meaning is 'towards, "* iti dvitiya iti tu yat sa bhama eva tasya 'antara'ntarena yukne ' - (2. 3. 4) ityatra sutre nipatasyaiva grahanat " - R. 'pratipa- doktavan nipatayoreva grahanam, na tu tavanta-nrtiyantayoh -- T. But Paginl's rules were not strictly adopted when Kali. had flourished, hence he uses 2ya with 'antarena ' though it means 'Towards ---

70 NOTES ] dvitiyo'nkah 189 here and elsewhere. ( Vikramorvasiya III & Mala I ). Cf. 'mamantarena cintayati vaisampayanah ' -- Kad ; ( 153. 4). drstiragah- Amorous feeling indicated by the eyes. Malati-Madhava VI. 15. nisargat - By nature - Raghuvamsha III. 35 ; Kiratarjuniya 1. 6. 5. apragalbhah -- ' pragalbhah pratibhanvite -- Amara-Kosa - pragalbh + pacadyac (3. 1. 134. kartari ) - pragalbhah - Bold, forward ( Com. Raghuvamsha II. 41 ; VI. 20). apragalbhah-- Unobtrusive. Cf. 'stribhusanam cestitam apragalbham ' - BK. II. 15 ; 'pragalbhata caturyam ' - Mallinatha on Kumara-sambhava VI. 32. 'ganika bhutvapi kula-strivat ekanta-raktatvat apragalya ' - Mricchakatika hasitam - "vikasita - kapolantam hasitam tadvido viduh " - Matrigupta "uttamasya samuddistam smita - utphulla'mala-locanam | This is a sign of hasitameva ca " | 7. kincilaksita-dantanam uttama- nayika | Cf. na vivrtah (Not fully disclosed) &c.-- This inference is from 'vaca na misrayati ' - Sakuntala I. 28. na ca samvatah- Not fully concealed. Text : -- vidusakah --na kkhu dittha mettassa tuha ankam samarohadi ( na khalu drstamatrasya ' tavangam samarohati ) | Vidusaka-Surely she couldn't have got up on your lap at the (first ) sight'. 1 raja - mithah prasthane punah salinatayapi kamamaviskrto bhavastatra- bhavatya | tathahi- vasantatilaka darbha'nka rena caranah ksata ityakande tanvi sthita katicideva padani gatva | ( ta bhajajagaga ) asidvivrtta vadana ca vimocayanti sakhasu ra valkalamasaktamapi drumanam || 12 || King - But at our mutual parting, (her ) feeling ( towards me) was clearly betrayed by Her Ladyship, despite (her) bashfulness." For Proceeding only a few steps, the slender one paused without any (real) occasions, alleging that (her) foot was pricked by a Kusa-blade (Poa cynosuroides); and with backward-turning face, she stood disentangling her bark-robe though not (really) caught in the boughs of trees. (12) 19

190 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 71 NOTES vidusaka iti | 'khalu ' iti jijnasayam ('khalu syad vakya-bhusayam jijnasa- yanca santvane ' iti medini ' ) | drsta eva 'drstamatram, [ 'mayuravyamsakadayasca ' ( 2/1/72 ) iti a-svapada-vigrahah nityasamasah ] tasya | rajeti | 'mithah ' anyo'nyam ( 'mithah anyo'nyam rahasyapi ' ityamarah ) | 'punah ' iti bhede | 'salina- taya ' avrstataya lajjaya ityarthah 'api ' iti garhayam | 'kamam ' atyartha 'bhavah ' anuragah aviskrtah ' prakatikrtah | darbheti | 'tanvi ' ksinangi sa sakuntala [ 'voto- guna-vacanat ' (4|1|44 ) iti nis - pratyayah vaikalpikah ] 'katicideva padani gatva ' | ( durattu raja susthu na drsyata gacchati | anena utkantha'tisayah dhvanitah ) 'akande ' anavasare akasmat ityartha . ('kandam stambe taruskandhe bane'vasara-nirayoh ' iti medini ) 'darbha'nka rena ' kusasucya, ( na tu darbhena | I taraya satve vyajah na syat | anka ुrasya adrsyamanataya vyaja -sambhavat ) | ' caranah ksatah ' vidirnah 'iti ' uktva 'sthita ' mama darsanartha gamanat virata | 'drumanam kuravaka- vrksanam 'sakhamu asaktamapi ' vastutah alagnamapi ' valkalam vimocayanti vitapat muktam kurvati sati, 'vivrtam ' paravrtam maddarsanartha 'vadana ' mukha yasyah tadrsi 'ca asit ' | anena suspastamaviskrto bhava iti hrdayam (virodhabhaso hetusca | sruti vrttyanuprasau | 'renarana ' iti 'danidaneti ' cheka'nupraso'pi | vasantatilaka vrttam | atha'nuragengitamityadhikrtya uktam rativilase - 'vilambastu pathi vyajat paravrttyapi darsanam ' iti ) || 12 || | 71 n. -- 1. khalu - Implies jijnasa (R). Are you doubtful about her love, because she did not without much ado come and sit on your lap at once ? 2. punah - Indicates bheda - (Vide 9 n. 1.) i. e. If the indications mentioned in $1. 11 are deemed unsatisfactory, the following will certainly appear to be corroborative. bhavah- Inclination of the mind. Uttara-rama-Charita VI. 14 ; Raghuvamsha VIII. 52. 3. salinataya - salam (laksanaya sala pravesam ) arhati iti salinam lajja - silam ityarthah | gala +vajna = salina (bashful) by 'salina- kopine avastakaryayoh - 5.220; (kha ina, 7.1.2.) "imi kha-pratyayantatvena nipatyate | rudha़ि sabdaveti kathacita vyutpadyaviti natra'vayavarthe abhinivedyah karya " 1- T. 1821. According to Mahabhashya, however, galapravesa ... khatra salina, "pravesa " being elided by nipatana| avatarana - sabdasya cottarapadasya lope salina kaॉpi na dabdi "pravesa - sabdasya nipatyate ".

71 NOTES ] dvitiyo'nkah -- 191 Ibid. One who is fit to enter the inner apartment. ('apragalabhyad anyatra gantumasaktah salameva pravestumarhatityarthah ' Jnanendra Sarasvati - " salino jada़h sa hi sabhayam sthatumayogyah grham pravisati " --Prabha) Hence modest. Next bhave tala [ 5.1.119] Ci. 'nisarga - salinah strijanah " Mala. IV ; Raghuvamsha VI 81 ; XVIII. 17 ; Shishupala-badha XVI. 83. 4. akande - Without any occasion for so doing. Malati-Madhava 1. 18. kanda = avasara | tanvi - Cf. 'tanvi - syama ' - Meghaduta 83. & Parsvabhyudayam 5. kati ka sakhya yesam te iti kim + iti ( 'kimah sakhya - parimane dati ca ' - 5.2.41 ) sas vibhakti is dropped by 'sadbhyo luk ' - (7. 1. 22) ; 'dati ca ' - (1.1.25) ; ( ' ekavacana- dvivacanayoh itih na prayujyate ' - Prabha), hence always plural. 'katicit nitva masan ' -- Meghaduta & Parsvabhyudayam vimocayanti-- Vide (53 n. 3 & 4). - Text : -- vidusakah -- tena hi gahida - paheo hohi | kidam tue ubavanam tabovanem tti pekkhami tena hi grhita- patheyo bhava | krtam tvayopavanam tapovanamiti pasyami ) | -- Vidusaka Then be provided with viaticum. I perceive that the penance-grove has been transformed by you into a pleasuregarden. raja -- sakhe, tapasvibhih kaiscit parijnato'smi | cintaya tavat kena- 'padesena ' punarasramapadam gacchamah | King-Friend, I have been recognized by some hermits So devise on what pretext¹ I may (once) again go to the region of the hermitage. vidusakah -- ko abaro abadeso tumhanam raanam (ka: aparah apadesah ' yusmakam rajnam ) ? nivara kachatta-bhaam amhanam ubaharantu ti ( nivara- sasthabhagam asmakam upaharantu iti ) | Vidusaka-What other expedient 1 ( is needed) for you kings ? (Go and say)-(Let the (hermits) bring our sixth part of the wild rice. ' raja -- murkha, anyameva bhagadheya mete tapasvino nirvapanti, yo ratna - rasinapi vihayabhinandyate | pasya -- sloka yaduttisthati varnebhyo nrpanam ksayi ' taddhanam | tapah sad-bhagamaksayyam dadasyarabhyaka " hi nah || 13 ||

192 abhijnana- sakuntalam [ 71 NOTES King-Fool ! these hermits pay quite a different kind of tribute, which is valued more than even heaps of jewels. SeeThe wealth of the kings, that proceeds from the (four) castes is perishable,3 (whereas) 5 the denizens of the forest 5 pay us the sixth part of (their ) penance which is really imperishable. (13) V. L. - . ' punarasramapadam gacchamah -- B. M. 'sakrdapi asrame vasamah ' R. V. S. 'anyabhagadheyam ete tapasvino nirvapanti ' -- B.M. ' anyadmagadheya- metesam raksane nipatati ' - R. S. V. 'taddhanam ' -- B. 'tata phalam ' - R. V. M. S. " ; vidusaka iti | 'grhita ' pathi sadhu iti 'patheyam ' pathi sambalam yena tadrsah 'bhava ' | punarasramam gaccha ityarthah | [ "krta tvaya upavanam " - ityatra avimusta - vidheyamsa- rupah dosah | laksanam tuktam prak " prastavanayam ] | rajeti | 'apadesena ' vyajena ('apadesah puman laksye nimitta vyajayorapi iti visvah ) ' sakrt ' ekavaram ( ' sakrt sahamkavarayoh ' ityajaya | ekasya sakrt ' ( 5 | 4|19 ) iti muc, eka-sabda-sthane sakrt adesasca ) | ( atra tapanam nama pratimukhasandherangam | 'upayadarsanam yattu tapanam nama tad-bhavet " iti darpana-laksanat ) | vidusaka iti | 'asmakam ' rajagrahyam 'nivarasya sastha-bhagam upaharantu mahya dehi 'iti ' chala krtva pravisatu iti bhavah | rajeti I 'anyam ' ' bhagadheyam ' bhagam karam iti yavat [ " bhaga - rupa - namabhyo dheyah ", (va - 5 /4125 ) ' bhagadheyah karo vali .' ityamara ] 'nirvapanti ' pradadati, yo ratnanam rasin ' samuhan 'api vihaya ' parityajya 'abhinandyate ' sadaram grhyate | tena tvayoktah vyajah na yuktah | vaksyamana- sloke tadeva pratipadayati | yaditi | 'nrpana ' madrsanam 'varnebhyo ' brahmanadibhyah ( ' varna . svarne vrate stutau | rupe dvijadam sukladi kuthayamaksare gune | bhede giti krame citre yasastala- visesayoh | angarage ca varna tu kuka ु mem ' - iti haibha . ) | ' yat dhanam ' bhagadheya-rupam vittam 'uttisthati ' labhyate "tata ksayi cauradina nasvaram phalguphalamityarthah | 'aranyaka ' vanevasi tapasvinah 'na': asmabhyam 'aksayyam hi ' cauradina anasvaram 'tapasa sat ' sasthah 'bhagah ' tapah sadbhagah (vrtti-visaye samkhya - sabdasya puranarthatvam jneyam ') tam, apratyaksa-bhavena dadati ' | tapasah pradhanya - pratipadanat vyatirekalankarah | 'cintaya ' ityadina etadantena vilaso namangamupaksiptam | tallaksanam tu- " samiha ratibhogarthi vilasa iti kathyate " | apica murkha ityanena pratyaksa- nisthurokteh vajram nama pratimukhasandherangam | " "pratyaksa- nisthuram vajram " iti darpana - laksanat | slokovrttam ) || 13 || 5 --

72 NOTES ] dvitiyo'nkah 193 72 n - 1. grhita patheyah pathi sadhuh iti pathin + dhada ( ' pathya, atithi - vasati svapate dhamna - 4. 4. 104) = patheyah - Viaticum. The jester means to say-Like an intenerant you must have some provision for your journey (of love) i.e. in order to progress in your love affairs, you must not damp your ardour but you should again visit the penance-grove. Note that Vidu. is characteristically thinking of etables. (Vide 222 n. 7.-end.) Cf. "Traverse, go provide thy money" - Othello. 1. 3. cintaya tavat &c. - Cf. "cintaya tavadupayam yatha me * malavika pratyaksadarsana bhavatiti " - Mala . I ; Act IlIText. after Sl. II. 2. nivara - vastha-bhagam - ( 19 n. 1). The jester refers to the king's practice of taking one-sixth of the produce such as rice, fruits &c. Read pancasatbhagah adeyah rajna pasu-hiranyayoh | dhanyana - mastamo bhagah, sastho dvadasa eva va || adaditatha sadbhagam du-mamsa-madhu- samrpisam | gandhosadhi- rasananca puspa-mula- phalasya ca | patra - saka-trnanam ca carmanam vaidalasya ca| mrnmayananca bhandanam sarvasyasmamayasya ca " -- Manu-Samhita VII. 130-33; Raghuvamsha V. 8 ; XVII. 65. By 'sastha'stamabhya ा ca ' - ( 5. 3. 50) 'r and 'an ' come after 'sastha ' in the sense of 'bhaga ' giving the forms 'sastha ' and ' sastha ', hence 'sastha ' is here bhagavacaka, and not ( puranavacaka ), So sasthi samasa is not barred by 'na purana-guna- suhitartha sad -- &c. (2.2.11). asmakam - Optionally 2ya by 'gunakarmani vedhyate ' -- Varttika 623. Cf. 'neta asvasya trughnasya trughnam va | 3. anyameva bhagadheyam - The King reminds the jester that he, though he may be dying of want, cannot have any tax from a srotriya - - 'priyamano'pi adadita na raja | srotriyat karam " - Manu-Samhita VI. 133. But they pay tax in another way ie the sixth part of the merit arising from 'tapasya ' | 'bhagadheya ' meaning 'tax' is masculine, but meaning 'luck' is neuter. Cf. 'bhagadheyam matam bhagye, bhaga-pratyayayoh puman -- Medini 4. nirvapanti = nir + vap +anti | ktah uptah | 5. uttisthati - Arises, accrues, and not 'to get up', still no Atmp by 'udo'nurdhva - karmani ' ( 13. 24), which 'FaIsted-44 fu'(1. is barred by-- 'ihayam iti vaktavyam ' - (Varttika 2691). i. c. ut +stha ' must mean iha ( cesta ) | Read 'neha | gramat satam uttisthati '-Siddhanta-Kaumudi 'iccha- purvika sresta (iha ) | sa ca gramacchatam ityatra nasti ' - T.

- 194 abhijnana- sakuntalam [ 72 NOTES -A hundred is yielded by the village i. e. the income ( dhanam ) is hundred. 6. ksayi ksi +ni silarthe ( 'ji-dr-ci-visri n vama'vyatha- --- - 'bhyama - paribhu - pramubhyasca ' - 3. 2.157.) - Perishable. 7. tapah sad-bhagamaksayyam- swq-qfty-¶guza'-3. 2.157.)-Perishable. A protecting king is entitled to have one-sixth of everything gained by anybody whosoever. Cf. " tapo raksan sa vighnebhyastaskarebhyasca sampadah * varnairapi sadamsa bhak " - Raghuvamsha XVIII. 65. 'sarvato dharmasad- bhago rajno bhavati raksatah | adharmadapi sadbhago bhavatyasya hyaraksatah | yadadhite yadyajate yaddadati yadarcati | tasya sadbhaga-bhag raja samyag bhavati raksanat ' - Manu-Samhita VIII. 304-5 ; Maha-Santi. 68. 27. Now sat being 'samkhyavacaka ', can only enter into karmadharaya samasa by 'dik- samkhye sajnayam - ( 2150) when it is a samjnasabda (appellative), which is not the case here. According to Bhoja D, in cases like "ekahah ", dvindriye ', 'tribhaga .' &c 'eka ', 'dvi ', 'tri ', &c. mean by laksana - 'prathama ', 'dvitiya ' 'trtiya ', &c. respectively, hence they no longer being samkhya - vacaka, the rule in question has no application. 'tri ' (trtiya ) yauvanasya dasa sada yesam iti tridasah | tri-- sabdasya trtiyarthata tri-bhagavat ('tri-bhaga- sesasu nisasu ca ksanam '- Kumara-sambhava V. 5. ) - Bhanuji Diksita 8. aksayyam -- ksetum sakyam iti ksi + yat karmani nipatane ksayyam - Imperishable- ('ksayya- jayyo sakyarthe - 6.1.81 ); (226 n. 1). Otherwise the forms are 'jeyam ' - ( fit to beconquered), 'kseyam ': (fit to be destroyed ) -- ('ahaॅ krtya-trcasca - 3. 3. 169.) aranyakah- ( 52 n. 2.) Besides "sages", aranyaka may mean 'vyasa ' also, so 'visese avisesasya- dosah | == Text : -- ( nepathye ) siddharthom " svah | ' - - (In the green room) Ohjoy! we have succeeded in our object'. raja - ( karna datva ) ayam dhira-prasanta svaram stapasvibhi bhavitavyam | King - ( Listening ) Hark ! with this deep and tranquil voices hermits must be there. ( pravisya ) dauvarikah -- jedu jevu bhatta | ede duve isi kumaraa pada़िhara- bhumi ubatthida | [ jayatu jayatu bhartta | etau dvau rsi kumaraki pratiharabhumim upasthitam ] | (Entering) Warder- Victory to our Lord. Here are arrived two hermit-boys at the gate-way.²

73 NOTES ] dvitiyo'nkah raja ---tena hi avilambitam pravesaya tau | King Then introduce them immediately. 195 dauvarikah -- eso pavesemi (esa pravesayami ) | ( niskramya rsi- kumarakabhyam saha pravisya ) ido ivo bhavanta ( itaito bhavantau ) | Warder - Here I am introducing (them ). ( Exit and re-entering with two hermits). This way, Holy Sirs, this way. nepathya iti | 'hanta ' iti harse | ( ' hanta harse'nukampayam vakyarambha-visadayoh ' ityamarah ) | 'siddhartho ' saphalaprayojanau avam 'sva ' bhavavah | rajeti | 'aye ' iti sambhrame | ( 'aye krodhe vivade na sambhrame smaranepica ' iti medini ) | 'srirah ' amandrah gambhira iti yavat | 'prasantah ' sthirasca ye 'svarah ' tai . upalaksitaih | ( ' ityabhuna- laksane - 2|3|21 iti trtiya ) 'tapasvibhih ' (gaurave bahuvacanam ) 'bhavitavyam | dauvarika iti | 'pratiharasya ' dvarasya bhumih sthanam ( ' bhumih syat sthanamatrake ' iti visvah ) tah dvaradesamityarthah | ' ( ' pratiharo dvari dvahsthedva . sthitaya tu yampiti ' iti medini ) | upa- purvaka stha-dhaturatra sakarmakah | ' itaita ' anena patha iti trtiyannanasi | as the hermits find 73 n. -- 1. hanta - Implies satisfaction, the king inside (and not away on an hunting excursion). Cf. 'hanta jito malayaketuh ' -- Mudra-Raksasa 2. dhira - prasanta &c. - Because the sound is dhira (deep) and at the same time prasana ( tranquil), so it prognosticates the advent of some hermits. Note that our poet skilfully introduces the ascetics as soon as the king utters 'aranyakah ' &c. pratihara &c. - Kumara-sambhava III. 58. diptimato'pi Text : - ( ubhau rajanam vilokayata ) prathamah -- aho visvasaniyata ' asya vapusah | athavopapannametadasmin rsikalpe rajani | kutah - - adhyakranta vasati ' ramunapyasrame sarvabhogye mandakranta raksa-yogada yamapi tapah pratyaham sancinoti ' | ( mabhanatatagaga ) asyapi dyam sprsati vasinascarana-dvandva-gitah ' 5 puspah ' sabdo ' muniriti muhuh kevalam raja- purvah || 14 || (Both look at the king) First - Oh! radiant as it is, trust-inspiring¹ is his form. Or, this is just what should be in a king,

196 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 73 NOTES very little inferior to a Risi. For-Lodging has been taken up by him, too, in an Asrama, enjoyable by all (people). He, too, accumulates* penance every day by³ his protection (of his subjects)³, and of him, the controller of (all) passions, too, the hallowed title of 'Muni' only preceded by the word 'Royal', and chanted s by a pair of ministrels, constantly touches the heaven. ( 14 ) V. L. - . 'etadasmin ' -- B. N. 'etat ' - R. V. 'rsibhyo natibhinne R. V. S. 'rsikalpe - B. M. P. Dr. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha aho iti | 'aho ' vismaye ('aho hi ca vismaye ' ityamarah ) | 'dipti- mato'pi tejoyuktasya'pi 'asya ' rasah 'vapusah visvasaniyata ' a-bhiti- pradatvam | divakaropamah diptiman jano durdarsobhavati, snigdha- darsanastu prayena prastaravat tejorahitah paridrsyate iti viruddha-dharmayoh samaveso'smin rajani sutaram vismayakarah, athava namsa vismayakarah | 'rsi - kalpe ' (5|3|67 ) muni-sadrse 'rajani ' dusyante ' 'etat upapannam ' yuktam | adhyeti | 'amuna dusyantena 'api ' rsina iva ' brahmanadibhih 'sarveh ' varna ': 'bhogye upajivye asrayaniye 'asrame ' grhasthasrame 'vasatih ' vasah grham iti yavat ('vasatih syat striyam vase yaminyanca niketanam " iti medini ) 'adhyakranta ' avalambita | ( munipakseh 'sarveh ' vatubhih 'bhogye ' adhyayanartham asrayaniye 'asrame ' mathe ( ' asramah brahmacaryadau vanaprasthe vane mathe ' iti medini ), 'raksa-yogat ' praja-paripalanat 'ayamapi ' rsiriva 'pratyaham tapah ' sasthamsa rupam sukrtam 'sancinoti ' arjayati ( tathacoktam manuna - 'sarvatah dharmasad- bhago rajno bhavati raksatah ) | ( munipakse, 'raksayogat ' jagadraksartha sarira raksanartham va | 'yogo'stangastannimittam 'tapah ' candrayanadi 'samcinoti ' karoti ) | 'vasinah ' jitendriyasya 'asyapi 'rsiriva 'kevalam rajan ' iti sabdah 'purvah ' yasmat tathavidhah rajarsih ityarthah | ' punyah ' pavitrah 'muniriti sabdah ' akhya, raja - munih rajarsah ityadyupadhih ityarthah | ' caranayoh stuti- pathakayoh 'dvandvena ' stri-purusa yugalena ('dvadvam rahasyam kalahe tatha mithuna-yugmayoh ' iti medini ) 'gitah ' san 'muhuh pratiksanam 'dyam ' svarga 'sprsati ' adhirohati, atah sarvatha ayam raja munikalpah | munistu rsi- rucyate, ayantu rajarsih iti bhedah | (rsi dharma-pradarsanat atra tulyayogita'- - lankarah | tallaksanam yatha - "vivaksitam gunotkarsam yat samikrtya kasyacit | kirtanam stuti-nindartha sa smrta tulyayogita " || vyatirekah slevasca | atra 'adhya- kranta --- ityadin bahun prasiddhan samanya-dharman anuktva 'kevalam rajapurva '

74 NOTES ] dvitiyo'ngah 197 ityanena visesokteh visesanam nama nataya-laksanamuktam | tallaksanam yatha darpane- "arthan siddhan bahunuktva visesokti visesanam " iti | vrttam ) || 14 || manyakanta 74 n. -- 1. aho - Implies astonishment on the part of the hermit boys, as they found practically no difference between the king and the sage. But his appearance though imposing, is trustinspiring (Vide 35 n. 6 ) upapannam &c. - Cf. 'upapannamidam visesanam vayoh ' - Vikramorvasiya 'naitat tvayi upapadyate - Gita II. 3; Note the use of 7mi in rajani with it. 2. rsikalpe - Almost equal to a rsi | cf. 'kumara-kalpam susuve kumaram ' - Raghuvamsha V. 36 ; Buddhacharita II. 18 ; BK. I. Dusyanta is a rajarsi,, so one degree below a 'Risi'. (Vide Ram. I. 57. 5 ; 63.2 ; 19 ; 65. 18, so kalpap - 5.3.67.). 3. aghame - Refers to (i) tapovana ( rsipakse ) | (ii) grhasthasrama ( rajapakse ) | vasati - Residence. Cf. "kamalavasati " - Sakuntala V. I; " vasati cakre " - Parsvabhyudayam & Meghaduta 1.8 ; 35. sarvabhogye - (i) Which is the resort of all students. (ii) which. is the resort of three other i. e. in which one can do good to all people of the other three asramas - "yatha vayum samasritya vartante sarvajantavah | tathagrhasyamasritya vartante sarva asramah ' -Manu-Samhita III.71 ; " yatha nadinada sarve sagare yanti samsthitam | tatham vasraminah sarve grhasthe yanti samsthitim " - Ibid. VI. 90. "kalo hyayam samkramitum dvitiyam sarvopakara-ksamamasramam te " - Raghuvamsha V. 10. This is the first point of resemblance with a sage. 5. raksa-yogad-- yoga = prayoga- (application) in the case of the king; "yoga . apurvardha sampraptau " sangati-dhyana-yuktisu | vapuh stheyem prayoge ca viskambhadisu bhesaje " iti medini | i. e. by his engagement in protection ; or explain (when final in a compound) as 'on account of, i. e. on account of his protection (of his subjects). Cf. ´sa priti- yogat - Kumara-sambhava VII. 55. 'sannidhya-yogat ' - Raghuvamsha VII. 3; The king is the owner of a sixth part of tapah ( merit ) ( 72 n. 7). In the case of muni, raksa = jagadraksa, sariraraksa -- Preservation of his body or safety of the world. This is the second point of similarity. 6. vasinah-

198 abhijnana- sakuntalam [ 74 NOTES The sages are surely the controller of passions ( Gita. II. 56 ), so was the king; besides he was also to control the vicious propensities of the wicked. (Raghuvamsha VI. 39; Act. V. 8 infra.) This is the third point of similarity; 2. carana dvandva - Celestial choristers-- (a kind of whose duty was to amuse the denizens of heaven by panegyrics.) 'gandharvanam tato lokah parata . satayojanat | devanam gayanaste caranah stutipathakah " - Pp. "kikini vadyavedi ca vrto vikata nartakaih | marmajnah sarvaragesu catura - icarano matah " - Sangita-Ratnakara dvandva dvau dvau iti dvandvam ; 'dvi ' is doubled and the form is obtained by nipatana ; " dvandvam rahasya-maryadavacana - vyutkramana yajnapatra prayoga'bhivyaktisu ' - ( 8. 1. 15) iti sadhuh ' - Bhanuji Diksita "dvi-sabdasya dvirvacana purvapadasya ambhavo atvam uttarapadasya napusakatvam ca nipatyate " - Bhattoji Diksita It is also masculine, Cf. 'carthe dvandvah " - (2.2.29). 3. kevalam raja- purvah- Dusyanta was a rsi in toto only it was preceded by the term rajan (ie a rajarsi ) | This is the only point of difference. In Raghuvamsha II. 58, Dilipa is addressed as ' rajyasrama - muni ' | Cf. "prapaccha kusalam rajye rajyasrama - muni munih | " || - (8.1.15) Text :- dvitiyah- gautama, ayam sa balabhitsakho dusyantah ? Second Hermit-Gautama, is this Dusyanta, the friend of the slayer of Bala ? prathamah -- atha kim | First Hermit-Yes. dvitiyah-tena hi- mandakranta ( mabhanagagayaya, mabhanatatagaga ) | naitacitram yadayamudadhi-syama-simam dharitrim ' ekah krtsnam nagara-paridha pramsu bahu bhunakti | 'asamsante samitisu surah sakta-vera hi baityamr asyadhijye dhanusi vijayam pauruhute ca bajule || 15 || 5 Second Heimit - Well, then it is no wonder 2, that this one, with arms long as the (iron) bar of the city-gate, alone rules the whole earth with² the ocean for it is murky bourn. For when hostilities are commenced with the demons, the gods expect victory in battles from his braced bow as much as from the thunderbolt of Indra.8 (15)

74 NOTES 1 V. L. - 'samitisu dvitiyo'nkah 199 murah -- B.V.M. 'surayuvatayahh ' - Ritu-samhara 0 ' sami- 'saktavairah ' -- B. M. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha P. tayah -- Dr. 'baddhadhaigah- R. V. Dr. dvitiya iti | 'balam ' tadasyam asuram bhinnavan iti valabhit [ 'sat-su dvisa duha ' - ityadina kvip ( 3|2|61 ) ] tasya sakha ( samasantah tac - 5 |4 | 91 ) | atra kakva prasnah vyajyate ( 'balaratih sacipatih ' ityamarah ) | dvitiya iti | naitaditi | 'nagarasya ' laksanaya nagara-dvarasya 'parighah ' argala . ('parighah yogabhede'stravisese'- 'tena hi ' dusyantatvenam ' va hetuna | ( anena atyanta - dairdhya dhvanitam ) | rgala - ghatayoh ' iti medini ) sa iva pragu ' dighaum ' ('dirgha pramsu visalanca ' iti dhananjayah ) ' bahu ' yasya sa anidirghabahurityarthah 'ayam ' dusyantah 'eka ': kevalah ekaki anya sahayyamantarena ityarthah | ( 'eko'lparthe pradhane ca prathame kevale tatha | sadharane samane'pi sakhyaya ca prayujyata iti || ) 'udadhi ' samudra iva 'syama ' krsnavanam 'mima ' prantabhaga yasya tadrsi 'krtsnam ' sakalam dharitri ' prthivi 'bhunakti ' palayati [ 'bhujo'navane ' (1|3|66 ) iti parasmaipadam ] iti yad etad na citra vismayavaham ( ' udadhi - syama - simam ' ityukte ekadese'pi tatsabhavat 'krtsnam ' ityuktam, ato nadhika- padata - dosah ) | kuta iti hetumaha | 'hi ' yasmat 'daitya ', asuram maha 'saktam prasaktam pravrttam iti yavat 'vara ' satruta yesam tadrsah 'surah ' deva ' 'samitisu ' saparayesu yuddhesu iti yavat ( 'samitih samparaye syat sabhayam samgame'pi ca ' iti medini ) 'asya ' dusyantasya 'adhijye majje aropitagune iti yavat 'dhanusi cape [ dhanusa adi nivesanadasamsaya dhanusi eva pradhanyam boddhavyam ) puruhutasya indrasya idam iti pauruhutam aindram tasmin 'vajre vijayam samare arina parabhavam 'asasante ' icchanti | ( atra purvardha 'nagara- parigha prasu - bahuh ' ityanena bhuja- mahayena sarve satravo hata iti karane vaktavye . samasnorvi-jaya-laksanam karyamevoktam iti paryayoktankarah | vrttyanuprasah | hi-sabdena hetutvena upadanat kavyalingam | nagaretyadivisesane luptopama ca | " vaju - dhanusoh dravyayoh samuccitatvat samuccaya'lakara ' iti yat raghavabhattapada ruktam, tanna | vastutah aprakaranikasyapi vajrasya dhanuh sausadrsyaya suranam vijayasamsana-visayatva-rupaika - dharmasyotpadanat dipakalamkarah | nagarapadena nagara- dvare laksana karanat tatra ca rudhiprayojanabhavat neyarthatva dosah | sa ca "ekah krtsnamavati nagara-dvara - kilapravesta " iti pathitva samadheya ] | punah 'syama '- sabdah samastotra - palanam prati na kincit upakurutah atah apustarthatva-dosah | "udadhi- pranta simam " iti pathena tasya samadhanam iti siddhantavagisapadah | 'adhyakranta ityadina etadantena rajnah prasamsanat 'puspa ' nama pratimukhasandhera ngam •

200 abhijnana- sakuntalam [ 75 NOTES upaksiptam | ' tathacoktam darpane - "puspam visesavacanam matam " iti | mandakranta vrttam ||15|| 75. - 1. balabhit - The slayer of the demon Bala i. e. Indra. (Cf. " balabhidiva dhruvam vabhase " - Buddhacharita X. 41. - - 'balare ' - Mricchakatika X. ''-Mricchakatika - 46). The word occurs in the Rig-Veda (II. 11. 20). Read "If we now compare the Indian narrative with the records of cuniform inscriptions, there can scarcely remain a doubt that the Bala of the Rgveda was the Belus or Bel of the inscriptionsthat the lofty capital of Bala, in the Rgveda, was the lofty citadel of Bel in the inscriptions" - Aryan Witness, P. 61. citram - Cf. 'citram vadhiro nama vyakaranamadhye syate ' --- Siddhanta-Kaumudi ; Raghuvamsha V. 33 ; (95 n. 4.) 2. uvadhi- syama udaka +dha + ki adhikarane ('karmanyadhikarane ca - 3. 3. 93 ) = udadhih | ubaka == 'uba ' when 'dhi ' follows, by 'vesam vasa vahana ghisu ca ' - (6. 3. 58). syama simah - syamasima - Blue boundary. The base is either 'siman ' or 'sima ' with dap ('dabubhabhyam anyatarasyam - - 4.1.13 ) "syama-sabda samasta- dharitri-palanam prati na kincidupakuruta, iti 'vilokya vitate vyomni vidhu munca rupam priye ' iti darpanodaharanavat apustarthatvadosah " ( Com. ) - Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha dharati iti ghu + itra kartari + ( u- 622) nis ('sidgauradibhyasca - 411|41 ) = dharitri Earth-Lit. the supporter of all ; this (supporter of all) is again supported ( bhunakti ) by the king, hence the Propriety of the word. 3. ekah (singly ) krtsram &c. Cf. "sa bela - vapra-balayam parikhikrta- sagaram | ananya- sasanamurvi sasasamkapurimiva " -- Raghuvamsha I. 30 ; ' sa krtsnam prthivim bhunkte ' - Manu-Samhita VII. 148 4. nagara-parisa &c. - (54 n. 1.) pari + n + ap karane = parisah- (iron) bar of the (city-gate ) ; 'han ' = 'gha' by 'parau ghah - ( 3.3.84 ) ; optionally - 'palighah ' by 'paresca dha'nkayoh ' - (8. 2. 22). Cf. (8. 2. 22). Cf. 'bhuvamekavirah pura -la- dirghabhujo bubhoja 'Raghuvamsha XVIII. 4 ; XII. 73. 'guru- parigha - kapata - samvrtta ' - Buddhacharita 1.82 ; 'parigha- yata - bahavah ' - Ram. III. V. 16; Malati-Madhava VIII. 10; Raghuvamsha III. 34. 'paridha-gurubhih dobhih " - Mala . IV. A warrior's strength is measured by his capacity in wielding a bow for which long arm and muscular strength are of primary importance. bhunakti (Protects) - Cf. Raghuvamsha IV. 4 ; VIII. -

76 NOTES ] ( and are dvitiyo'juh S 201 hostilities 7. 5. asamsante - Hope for 'a + sas ' implying wish ('ana sasi icchayam ' ) is atmanepadi | Cf. 'svakarya siddhim punarasasamse ' - Raghuvamsha III. 57. 'samgramam casasamsire ' - BK. XIV. 70. 'manorathaya nasamse ' - Sakuntala VII. 13. 'tada nasamse vijayaya sanjaya ' - Maha. 'ityasasamse karanarabahih Raghuvamsha qtd R. To mean 'to tell it is Parasmaipada Vide Kumara-sambhava III. 14. 6. samitisu - samayanti asyam iti sam + i + ktin adhikarane ( 3.3.94 ) = samitih - That in which the soldiers proceed in a line, i.e. a battle. ( samudrotthita ) sura esam iti sura + arsa aditvat ac = surah | The gods are so called owing to their addiction to liquor. Raghunatha quotes from the Ram. "sura-parigrahat devah surasya iti visrutah "| 'surah ' is better than 'sura-yuvatayah ' as it is quite unnatural on the part of the ascetics to think of the celestial females. Besides enmity exists between the demons and the gods not the surayuvati s ) | | sakta - vam rah- 'When commenced'-thus the epithet is very significant as it is indicative of the imminent cause of 'asamsa ' | Cf. 'upasthita - samparayah ' ( next ). 7. asyasijye dhanusi &c- 'asya dhanusi ' is purposely put before 'pauruhute vajre ' for the extolment of the glory of the king and also to show that the gods had greater confidence in his bow than in the thunderbolt of Indra.-(R). Cf. "nidadhe vijayasamsa ncape, sitam ca laksmane " - Raghuvamsha XII. 44 " upasthita -samparayo mahendro'pi madhyamalokat sabahumanamanayya tameva vijayasenamukham niyunakte "Vikramorvasiya I; Sakuntala VI. 3; VII. 26. pauruhute - 'puru ' pracuram 'hutam ' ahvanam yajnesu asya, yadva 'puruni ' bahuni 'hutani ' namani asya iti puruhutah - One who is often invoked (in sacrifices), or one who has various names. Next an | adhikarane saptami or anadare saptami | Cf. 'divo'pi vajrayudhabhusanaya hrniyate viravati na bhumih - BK. II. 38 ; Ram. V. 13.63. The figure is dipaka (S) and not samuccaya (R), according to whom the desire of the Gods for king's victory utimately brings victory to valabhit | (Vide Com. ) Text : - ubhau (upagamya ) -- vijayasva rajam | Both (Approaching ) - Be victorious, O King.

202 abhijnanasakuntalam raja (asanat utthaya ) - abhivadayam bhavantau | King (Rising from his seat)- I salute you both. ubhau - svasti bhavate | ( phalani upaharatah ) [76 NOTES Both - Hail to Your Highness. ( They present fruits). raja (sapranamam parigrhya ) - ajnamicchami | King (Accepting them with a bon ) --- I wish for a command. ubhau - vidito bhavanasramasada mihasthah | tena bhavantam prarthayante- Both Your Highness is known to the denizens¹ of the hermitagel as being here ; (they) therefore request Your Honour- raja - kimajnapayanti ? King - What do (they) command ? ubhau - tatrabhavatah kanvasya maharserasannidhyat ' raksamsi na isti-vighnamutpada- yanti | tat katipaya- ratram sarathi - dvitiyena ' bhavata sanayokriyata 'masrama iti | Both - Because of the absence of His Holiness, the great sage Kanva, the fiends are creating disturbance to our sacrifices. So for a few nights, let the hermitage be' made to have a lord by Your Honour with your³ charioteer as your second³. raja - anugrhito'smi | King-1 am (much) favoured. V. L. - ' ajnamicchami ' - B. M. V. 'ajnapayitumicchami ' - R. S, ubhaviti | 'svasti ' mangala 'bhavate ' ('namah svasti ' - 2|3|16 iti 4rthi ) 'upaharatah ' prayacchatah | rikta hastena rajadarsanam nisiddham iti smaranat | ubhaviti 'ihasyah ' atrasrame sthita | asrame sidanti 'asrama -sadah ' ( 3|2|61 ) tapovana- nivasinah, tesam 'viditah ' parijnatah ('knasya ca vartamane ' iti kartari sasthi ) | ubhaviti | 'tatrabhavatah ' pujaniyasya gauravitasya ('gauravita stvaryamisra sladhya statrabhavanmukha ' iti trikandasesah ) sannidhih eva 'sanidhyam ' samipasthitih | ( ' kvacit svarthikah prakrtitah lingavacanani ativartante ' iti vamanah | anah klivatvam ) 'na sannidhyat ' kanvasya asamipa sthitatvat | 'isteh ' (6|1|15 ) yajnasya 'vighna ' vyaghatam | 'marathih dvitiyah ' yasya tena sarathimatra - sahayena | 'katipaya ratra ' ('kalalavanamkhyantasamyoge ' - 2|3|5 ini 2ya ) | asanathah manathah kriyatam iti 'manathikriyatam ' | atrasrame eva avasthaya raksama durikriyantam | atra 'upanyasah ' nama pratimukha-mandherangam upaksiptam | tatha- coktam darpana - " upanyasah pramadanam " iti ) | -

76 NOTES ] dvitiyo'nkah 203 The sages use the word 76 n. - 1. phalani &c. - Because a king should not be approached with empty hands - "rikta-panistu na pasyettu rajanam devatam gurum | naimittikanca vaidyanca phalena phalamadiset " - gtd. N. Cf. " yayavarah puspa - phalena canye " - BK. II. 20. "haiyangavinamadaya ghosavrddhan upa- sthitan " - Raghuvamsha I. 45; XVI. 32. ' 'arikta - panina tatrabhavati drastavya, tat vijapurakena preksitumicchamiti " - Mala. III. 2. prarthayante - "prarthayante asrama- da iti vibhakti - viparinamena sambadhyate " - R. ie the Nominative 'asrama- sadah ' is obtained from asrama-sadam ' by 'vibhakti - viparinama ' | viditah Raghuvamsha X. 39. 3. ajnapayanti - ( 79 n. 1). 'prarthayante ' (request ), but the king atonce corrects it by substituting 'ajnapayanti ' (what do they command) here and in Vikramorvasiya II. This sort of interruption bespeaks great humility on the part of the king. 4. kanvasya maharseh &c. - Shows that the fiends were afraid of the great spiritual power of the sage. Hence his absence (asannidhyat ) is highly advantageous to both the demons and the king. The sages though capable, do not like to use their hard-earned tapah against the goblins- "bahuvidham tapascaiva duscaram capi raghava | tasmacchapa na muncamah samarya api raksane || - Ram. I. sam + ni + dha + ki bhave ( ' upasarge ghoh kih ' -- 33.92. sannidhih | svarthe yatra | sanidhyam | raksyate havih ebhyah iti asun apadane (u. 938 - raksamsi ( 'bhimadayo'padane ' - 3. 4. 74. ) | ijyate anaya iti yaj + ktin karane (3. 2. 63. ) - istih- Sacrifice ; ya -- i, by 'vaci svapi yajadinam kiti '- (6. 1. 15 ). 'isti ' derived as 'is + ktin ' means desire. Cf. "istirmata'bhilave'pi "samgrahasloka-yagayo - Medmi. vi- +han ka karane ('ghanाrthe ka-vidhanam - - Varttika 3. 3. 58. ) vighnah -- ( 51 n. 10 ) . 5. katipaya ratram - samasata ac ccmes after ratri by the Special Sutra 'ac ' got by yogavibhaga of 'ac ' pratyanva -- purvat samalomnah - ( 5.4. 75) 'ac ' iti yoga-vibhagat prthak sutram krtva 'dirgharatra ', 'varsaratra - Prabha ; Siddhanta-Kaumudi 943. But Balamanorama differs - "vastutastu yogavibhagasya bhasye avarsanat prsodaraditvad eva ucitam | " The word is singular and is expressive of an aggregate. Now as 'katipaya ' is not a numeral 'katipaya - sabdo na samkhya ' - Vamana) so 'ahah sarvakadesa - samsyata punyacca ratreh ' =. 7

204 abhijnanasakuntalam - [76 NOTES - ( 5. 4. 87), or ' samkhyapurvam ratram klivam ' - Varttika ) - ( 814), does not apply. Masculine by 'ratra'hna'hah pumsi - (2.4.29 ). Again katipaya should have been final in the samasa by 'pota-yuvati - (744), but 'samasa- vidheranityatvat "katipayaratram sanacikriyatam asram " iti | katipaya- dinasyapi hamma dasarnah (Parsvabhyudayam & Meghaduta 23 ) iti ca ' - Prabha. P. 61; Vairagya-Sataka 236 sarathi - dvitiyena - Cf. 'prayata-parigraha-dvitiyah -- Raghuvamsha 1. 95. sarati asvan iti mr mr (antarbhavitanyarthah ) - ghathin ( u -531) ; ( 8 n. 2). tena dvitiyah or sa dvitiyah yasya tena | This shows that he alone is more than sufficient for the situation. Cf. "sena paricchada stasya dvayamevartha- sadhanam | sastresvakunthina-buddhi, maurvi dhanusi catata || " - Raghuvamsha 1. 19. 'ekah sarathina saha Ram 11. 31.33; Raghuvamsha IX. 10. sanathi &c. - ( 38 n 1 ). + Text : -- vidusakah ( apavarya ) - esa danim bhavabo anuulo galahattho ( eva idani bhavato'nukulo galahastah ) | Vidusaka-Now you are collared (this way) to your advantage (i.e. now you have a request though difficult, still favourable to you.) raja ( smita krtva ) -- raivataka, madvacanat ucyatam sarathih sabanasanam rathamupasthapayeti | King (Smiling) -Raivataka, let the charioteer be addressed in my name thus, "Bring (me ) the chariot with the bow. " dauvarikah -- jam devo anavedi (yaddeva ajnapayati ) | (niskranta .) Warder -- As Your Majesty commands. ( Exit). ubhau ( saharsam ) -- anukarini purvesam yuktarupamidam tvayi | sloka 2 apanna'bhaya-satresu ' diksitah khalu pauravah || 16|| Both (Joyfully)-This is highly becoming you, an emulator of your ancestors. The descendants of Puru, are initiated' in the sacrifice 2 (vouchsafing) exemption-from-fear to the distressed 1. (16) raja ( sapranamam ) -- gacchatam puro bhavantau | ahamapi anupadam agata eva | King (With a bow ) - Be pleased to go ahead. I will just follow straightway. V. L. - ' esa idanim bhavato'nukulah galahastah- B. P. Ryder Dr. Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha 'eva idanim te anukula abhyarthana ' - R. V. M. S.

dvitiyo'yuh 205 77 NOTES ] vidusaka iti | 'apavarya ' - rsikumaraki sravanat varayitva aha | 'gale ' prasabhat hastadanena yat preranam sa 'galahastah ' | tatha ca 'esa ' arthat idanim tava tapovana-gamanartham rsibhirya prarthana krta sa yadyapi raksasadibhih saha vigraha- yuktatvat 'galahastavat ' amanorama, tathapi sakuntala - darsanadi-pakse "anukulah " karyasadhakah sukhavahah samvrtta ityasayah | rajeti | 'smitam krtva ' purvokta-vidusaka- vakya-sravanat | 'madvacanat ' madvacana mavalambya (iti 'lyablope ' 593 pancami ) | anukariniti | 'purvasam pracinanam puruvamsiyanam 'anukarini ' sadrse ityarthah | ( ' tasya canukarotiti sabdah sadrsya-sucaka ' iti dandi ) | ' tvayi ' dusyante 'idam ' bhaya trana'ngikaranam 'yuktarupam ' sutaram yogyam ( ' prasamsayam rupam -- 5 /3/66 iti rupam ) yatah 'pauravah ' tava purvapurusah 'apannanam ' vipad - yuktanam ('apannah savipattau ca prapne'pi vacyalingaka ' iti visva medinyo ') 'abhayam ' laksanaya abhaya-vanam ityartha . | tadeva 'satrani ' yagah ( 'bahubhyah diyate yatra trpyanti praninah bahuh | kartaro bahavo yatra tat satramityabhidhiyate iti nilakantha dhrta-vacanam ) tesu vipadyuktebhyah abhaya-dama-rupesu yajnesu ityarthah | 'diksitah ' krtadiksah ( iti rupakam ) | bhitebhyah abhayadanam tvadiyam kulavatam tvaya tu tat sarvatha anukrtamiti saralarthah | ( 'khala ' yasmadityanena purvardha prati hetutvat kavyalingamiti | arthantaranyasasca | sloko vrttam ) ||16|| rajeti | 'anupadam ' padasya pascat ityavayibhavah, ( 2|1|6 ) bhavatpada - vinyasam laksikrtya, anantarameva ityarthah ('padanyase padamudra suptinante padam bhavet ' iti ksirasvami ) | 'agatah ' (' adikarmani nistha vaktavya ' ( vah - 3052 ) iti bhavisyavartha-yotakah kta pratyayah ) | - 77 n. - 1. apavarya - janantika - ( 35 n. 5 ; 170 n. 2). yuktarupam (15 n. 2). anukulo &c. - kulam anugatah iti anukulah- "Towards the bank', hence favourable, agreeable as wind, fate, &- Apte. galahastah- - " Seizing by the throat, throttling, collaring - Ibid. Thus galahastah is not something relishable, but one may pocket this sort of insult in a profitable (anukula ) circumstance. Here the king is requested to fight against the terrible Raksasas-a task which is not very relishable, but our hero will like it, as it gives him an opportunity to re-enter the hermitage and possibly to have his much-coveted interview with his beloved. Thus the task is well termed 'anukulah (profitable) galahastah 1. "You rather seem to 20

206 abhijnanasakuntalam -- [ 77 NOTES like being collared this way"-Ryder. This is the best reading, for this humourous way of putting things is quite befitting a joker. Cf. 'anukula parinamam ' - (253 n. 1). 2. smitam krtva - The previous jolly remark produces smile in the king. (Com). madvacanat - siddharddhakah ' - Mudra-Raksasa; 'ucyatamasmadvacanat 'taducyatam -- macanat kalapasikah ' - Ibid. 3. * idam - This helping to the distressed. 4. --- apana &c. - d (of pad ) & ta ( kta ) = na, - ( 8.2.42 ) - Distressed. satra, means a big sacrifice (Com.) diksitah-- Initiated i. e. devoted themselves wholly to the protection of the distressed. 'satra ' (avyaya ) means 'with' ('saha ') | purah - After purva comes 'asi ' in place of 7mi in svartha Read " - saptamyadyantebhyo disi rubhyo dig-desa-kala-vrttibhyah svarthe 'astati ' -pratyayah syat ***astatyarthe asi - pratyayah " - Bhattoji Diksita By " purva'ghara'varanam asi pur adh avascaisam ' (5.3.39), 'purva ' becomes' purah ' | ' syat purah purato'grata 'Amara-Kosa 5. agatah - Mark the Peculiar use of kta which has a future sense (Com.) and Cf. 'anye ca bahavah surah madarthe tyaktajivitah " Gita. 1. 9. "nati "* * * mama punarmandabhagaya eka eva duhita | sapi tvaya kasminnapi desantare ( datta ) | kathamevam dura- desa - sthitena bhartra saha asyah panigrahanam ( bhavisyati ) iti anaya cintaya atmapi me na pratibhati, tat ki punarnartitavyam -- Rat. Sakuntala III ( end). anupadam - Kiratarjuniya XII. 54; Raghuvamsha XI. 31. Text : - ubhau - vijayasva | (niskrantau ) | Both Be victorious raja - madhavya, apyasti sakuntala-darsane kutuhalam | (Exeunt). King -- Madhavya, have ( you any) curiosity to Sakuntala ? see dani raklasa- buttantena vindumi raksasa - vrttantena vinduh vidusakah -- padha़mam saparivaham asi | navasesiyo ( prathamam saparivaham ' asit | idani api navasesitah ) | Vidusaka At first it was brimful. Now by the news of -the fiends not even a drop is left. raja - ma bhaisih | nanu matsamipe vartisyase | King -- Don't fear, you shall keep close to me. visrvakah---esa rabaksabo raklibonhi (esa raksasadraksitosmi ) ।) *

78 NOTES ] dvitiyo'juh 207 Vidusaka-Here I am saved from the fiends. ( pravisya ) dauvarikah --- sajjo ratho bhattino vijaya-pyaanam avekyadi | esa una naaravo devinam anatiharao karabhao aado (sajjo ratho bhartu- 'vijaya prayanamepeksane | evam punarnagarat devinam ajnaptiharah karabhakah agatah ) | Warder (Entering ) - The car (is) ready (and) awaits Your Majesty's victorious' expedition¹. Here again from Her revered Highness, an order-bearer : Karabhaka, has just arrived from the town. raja ( sadaram ) -- kim ambabhih presitah ? King (Eagerly ) - What ! sent by my (revered) mother ? daubarikah --- aha im- [ athakim ] | Warder -- Yes. raja -- nanu pravesyatam | King - Well, usher him. dovarikah -- taha [tatha ] | (niskramya karabhakena saha pravisya ) esa bhatta ubasappa [ esa bharta | utasarpa ] | Warder -- All right. (Going out and re-entering with Karavaka) Here is My Lord. Approach. V. L. - ' ambabhi . B. R. V. M. -- "ajjubhi . " - S. 'raksasadraksi- to'smi ' - R. V. S. 'tava cakraraksi bhuto'smi ' B. M. , - vidusaka iti | 'parivahena ' jalocchrasena 'saha ' 'maparivaham ' ado sakuntala- darsane mama kutuhalan paya purah iva ucchulita abhut | ( 'parivaho jalocchrase mahobhrdyogya - vastuni ' iti medini ) | rajeti | 'ma bhaisih ' bhaya ma karsi ' ('mani - luna - ( 3|3|175 ) iti bhavisyatkale luna | 'na ma yoge - ( 6|4 /24 ) iti adagamanisedha .) | dauvarika iti | 'majja . ' tapovana-gamanartha sajjikrtah | 'vijayaya ' raksasana jayaya | 'prayanam ' yuddhayatram | 'puna .' iti bhede | 'devina ' rajna matu ( gaurave bahuvacanam ) ' ajnaptim ' sandesam 'harati dharayati iti 'ajnapti - harah ' 3|2 /9) duta ityarthah | 'karabhaka ' iti bhrtyanama | rajeti | 'nanu ' iti sabhrame ('nanu prasnam parakrto adhikare ca sambhume " iti medini ) | ' pravesyatam ' iti mrdu- bhartasanadyotaka | kimartha vilambayasi ityasaya | 78 n. -- 1. saparivaham - paritah vahanam iti pari + vaha +ghanna bhave,

208 abhisana- sakuntalam - . (of (of a tank a tank [ 78 NOTES 'jalocchrasah &c).-Apte. The [3. 3. 18 ] parivahah, [ also paravahah - 6 3 122.] parivahah ' -- Amara-Kosa - Overflowing jester means to say that his eagerness for having a sight of Sakuntala was full to overflowing but now there is not a jot of it left. Cf. 'ananda - parivahina caksusa ' - Sakuntala IV ; " aho raga-parivahini gitih " Sakuntala V; "purotpida़ेh tada़ाgasya parivahah pratikriya " - Uttara-rama-Charita III.28 ; Raghuvamsha VIII. 73; Shishupala-badha XVI. 51. 2. vartisyase - Optionally 'vat syasi ' by 'vrdbhyah sya-sanoh ' -(1. 3.92).- " ( luna pratyaye ) sya-pratyaye, san-pratyaye ca pare, vrtu-vrsu- syanda-dhatubhyah para atmanepada-pratyayo va syat " - Prabha. it is barred by 'vrdbhyah caturbhyah ' - (7.2.59). 3. esa raksasat &c. - The jester says so fancying that he is already attacked by the fiends. 4. sajjah- -- sajj + kartari ac ( 3. 7. 134 ) . = sajjah - Equipped hence ready. "atha sajjah syat samnaddhe sambhrte trisu " - Medini. 5. ajnaptiharah --a +jnap ( jnapane ) + ktin bhave - ( 3. 3. 94 ) . ajnaptih - Order ; ajnapti + h + ac kartari ['harate anudyamane ac ' - 3. 2. 9.] - ajnaptiharah - Courier ; "udyamanayem tu, bharam harati ya, sah 'bharaharah ' | 'karmanyan ' ( 31211 ) " - Prabha. karabhakah It is either a proper name or a camel man. 6. devinam -- 'devi krta'bhisekayam, itarasu ca bhattini - Amara-Kosa Also 'deviti mahisi vacya rajna parijanena tu " | Here it refers to the Queen mother. The plural indicates respect. 7. ambabhih = matrbhih | " natyokti amba 'mata ' ityamarah | " natyokti ' ityadhikarasya prayikatvat ambadinam kesamcit anyatrapi prayogah ' ; - Bhanuji Diksita In Vocative Case the form is 'amba ' by' 'ambarthanadyoh hrasvah -- ( 7.3.107), but opinion differs as to the Vocative form of 'jagadamba ' | According to some it is always 'jagadamba ' | Cf. "jagadamba ! vicitramatra kim " -- iti sankaracarya-krta'paradha ksamapana strotram | " jayajaya 'jagadamba sive " iti kamaksyarya-satakam || According to others--- 'jagadambe ', specially if it refers to a woman's name, because 'jagadamba ' is not a Synonym of Mother. 'ambarthakasya yatha he amba, he alla, he akka ' 1- Prabha "ambarthanamiti amba-paryayanamityarthah " - Balamanorama ' Also T on 293. Text : - karabhaka - je jevu bhatta | devi anabedi | aamini cauttha-viahe pusa- pinda - palano nama unavaso bhavissadi | tahi vohauna avassam amhe

79 NOTES ] dvitiyo'nkah sambhavaidavva ti [ jayatu jayatu bharta | 209 devi ajnapayati | agamini caturtha divase putra pinda palano nama upavaso bhavisyati | tatra dirghayusa avasyam vayam sambhavayitavya ' iti ] | Karabhaka - Victory to (My) Liege. The queen mother bids me say -On the coming fourth day comes off the fast named Putra-pinda-palana. On that day I should (like) to be honoured ' by (my) long-lived (son) without fail. raja - itastapasvi karyam | ito guru-janajna | dvayamapi anatikramaniyam | kimatra pratividheyam | King-Here (is) the duty to the hermits to be executed (and) there (is) the command of my superior. Both are inviolable. What is to be done ? vidusakah - tisanka, via antara cittha (trisanka rivantara tistha ) | Vidusaka-Stay half-way between, like Trisanku. V. L. -- " putra pindapalanah nama ' - B. M. 'pravrttaparano mem ' - R. 'nivrtta- 'prayuktaparano me ' - V. 'antara ' - B. M. P. 'antarale ' parano me - S. ---R. V. S. | karabhaka iti | putrasya pindah palyate anena iti 'putra pinda palanah ' ('kara- na'dhikaranayosca ' - ( 3|3|117 ; 3293 ) iti karane lyut | 'yuvoranako ' (7|1|1) | 'upavasah ' ahoratra - bhojanabhavah (tathacoktam | "upavrttasya papebhyo yastuva so gunaih saha | upavasah sa vijneyah sarvabhoga-vivarjitah " ) | rajnah anapatyataya pinda - lopa bhayam | ataeva evamvidhasya upavasasya avasyakatvam | 'avasyam ' niscitam ('nunam avasyam niscaye dvayam ' ityamarah ) 'sambhavayitavyah agatya sammanayitavyah | rajeti | 'dvayamapi ' tapasvinam vighna nivaranam, maturasa ca, 'anatikramaniyam ' alanghaniyam | 'pratividheyam ' pratikartavyam | vidusaka iti | 'trisankah ' iksaku vamsodbhava - prthu raja putra 'iva ' dyava - prthivyoh 'antara ' madhye antarikse iti yavat | " antara tistha ", lalu garaba, tapovanam rajadhanim va ' tayormadhyasthite kasmimscit sthane eva vastavyam | parantu | 79 n. --- 1. asapayati- a + jna + nic + lat ti = ajnapayati | 'puk ' by (7. 3. 36 ; -57 n. 8). Mark that when a person in a higher station says something to a person in a lower station 'ajnapaya ' is

210 abhijnana- sakuntalam [ 79 NOTES II " ganadasah -- bhadre, 2. putrapinda &c. - The used, but when the case is reversed, 'vijnapaya ' is used. ( 76 n. 3). " vidusakah - kim tatrabhavati asapayati ?" - Vikramorvasiya vijnapyatam devi paramanipuna - &c. - Mala. 1. queen mother is fasting so that her son may beget a son, as otherwise the king will not be freed from his debt to his forefathers. Read" rnam devasya yagena, rsinam pathakarmana | santatya pitr- lokanam sodhayitva parivrajet " | "rnani trinyapakrtya tato mokse mano dadhe " || " nunam mattah param vamsyah pinda-viccheda-darsinah " &c. - Raghuvamsha 1. 66; VIII. 26 ; Manu-Samhita III. 216; IX. 132, 136, 140; Y. I. 159. According to C and K, this ceremony is also known as Putraraja in which various presents including sweetmeats are given to a son. B's is the best reading, as Dusyanta's childlessness exercises great. influence on the moral elevation (vide introduction) of the king's character in the Sixth Act. Cf. 'kastam khalu anapatyata ' &c. - VI. 26 & 25 ; ( 218 n. Remark). It will be interesting to note that "yajurvedina pinda - sabdo napumsakalingena prayujyate | tatha-- 'avaniktam pindam dadyadasavetat ' iti sraddha-viveka ghrtapindapitryajniya katyayana-vacane pinda - visesane 'etat ' iti napumsaka - nirdesat, 'bhayertatacca vai pindam yajnadattasya purakam - - iti rsyasrnga- vacane'pi tatha darsanacca | chandoganam pinda-sabda pumlingena prayujyate, 'darbhesu madhu- madhu madhvityaksannami- madantah iti japitva sriratrin pindan dadyat iti gobhila- sutre 'pindan ' iti pumlinga - nirdesat " - Sradha-tattvam. 3. trisanka the king of Ayodhya, son ofc and father of He was so named on account of his committing three sinful acts. "pituscaparitosena, gurordogdhri - vadhena ca | aproksitopayogacca trividhaste vyatikramah || evam trinyasya sanka ni tani drstra mahatapah | trisanka ुriti hovaca trisata riti sa smrtah " - Vap. Ch. 87; Harivamsha Ch. XII. 18-19. He wanted to go to heaven in his mortal coil, by the performance of a sacrifice. ('gaccheyam sva-sarirena devatanam param gatim " - Ram. 57.12..) Vasistha refusing to officiate, he approached his sons, who cursed hum to be a Candala. Visvamitra, however, celebrated the sacrifice for him, but the gods did not take part in it. So he by his own power caused the king to go up [ " pasya me tapaso viryam

dvitiyo'nkah 211 79 NOTES ] svarjitasya naresvara | esa tvam svasarirena nayami svargamojasa " - Ibid. 60. 13. " divam jagama kakutsthah muninam pasyatam tada " 60.16]. But Indra with the other gods said Fall, Trisarku, fall down'. [ 'saha sarveh suraganairidam vacanam abravit | trisanko ! gaccha bhuyastvam nasi svargakrtalayah 60. 17]. Trisanku falling down, his downfall was arrested by Visvamitra saying- 'Stay Trisannku, stay there'. [ " rosamaharayat tivram 'tistha ' 'tistheti cabravit ||- 60, 20]. Thence forward that unhappy king remained suspended in the region of the stars. Text : - raja - satyamakuli bhuto'smi - sloka krtyayo 'bhinna-desasvat dvesibhavati me manah | purah pratihatam samle srotah trotovaho ' yatha ||17|| - ato bhavan ( vicintya ) sakhe, tvam ambabhih putra iti pratigrhitah | itah pratinivrtya, tapasvikarya vyagra manasam manavedya ' tatrabhavatinam putra-krtyam ' anusthatumarhati | King -- In sooth, I am embarrassed. 2 Owing to the difference of the places of the two duties¹ my mind is divided in twain, like the current of a burn,³ struck against a fore-(lying) hillock. (17) (Musing ) Friend, you have been regarded as a son by my mother. So returning from here (and) announcing that my mind is engrossed with the business of the sages, it behoves you to discharge the offices of a son for Her Highness. vidusakah -- na kkhu mam rakkho - bhiraam ganesa | [ na khalu mam rakso bhirukam ganayasi ] | | Vidusaka - You mustn't, indeed, think me as afraid of the demons². raja ( sasmitam ) -- bho mahabrahmana ! kathametat bhavati sambhabyate ! King (Smiling)-Oh! great Brahmin! how is this possible in thee? vidusakah - jaha raanuena gantavvam taha gacchami | [ yatha raja'nujena gantavyam tatha gacchami ] | Vidusaka-But I will go as becomes a king's younger brother.

212 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 70 NOTES raja-mana tapovanoparodhah pariharaniya iti sarvananuyatrikan ' tvayaiva saha prasthapayami | King-Indeed I shall send² back all my retinues¹ even with you as (all) disturbance to the penance-grove has to be avoided. vidusakah ( sagarvam ) tena hi juvarao mhi dani sambulo [tena hi yuvarajo'smi idanim samvrttah ] | Vidusaka (Strutting ) - Then, indeed, I have become the heir-apparent. V. L. -- ' saile ' - R. V. S. Ryder, Bodelian MSS 'sailaih ' -B. M. 'gacchami ' - R.V.S. 'gamisyami ' - M. B 'srotovaho ' - R. M.; vaham B. K.S.C. 'ambabhih ' - Mahamahopadhyaya Haridasa Siddhanta-Vagissha ; 'ambaya ' - Others. , , - - krtyayoriti | 'krtyayoh ' karyayoh tapasvi karyasya matr karyasya ca iti bhavah | ( "krtyo vidvisi karye ca krtya kriya divaukasah " iti rabhasah- - ( 3|1| 110 ) | 'bhinna ' prthak 'desah ' sthala yayoh, tayorbhavah 'bhinnadesatvam ' tasmat yugapat prthak pradese karttavyatvat, 'me manah ' dvaidhibhutam manasam 'purah ' agre 'saile ' parvate pratihatam ' avarodha prapta 'srotah ' vahati ya sa 'srotovat ' (3|2|76 ) nadi, tasyah 'srotovahah ' nadyah 'srotah yatha ' pravahah iva advaidham dvaidham bhavati iti 'dvaidhibhavati ' kartavya nirdharine asamaryo bhavati iti bhavah | ( vrtyanuprasa-cchekanuprasayoh samsrstih | 'srotah srotah ' iti latanuprasasca | srauti upama ca | sloko vrttam ) ||17|| vicinyeti | 'putra iti ' putrarupena 'pratigrhitah ' svikrta . satata mat-sahacaratvat iti bhavah | 'tapasvinam ' tapasanam isti-raksana-rupe 'karye vyagram ' akulam ("vyagro vyasakta akule " ityamarah ) 'manasam ' yasya tadrsam 'mam avedya ' ambaye jnapa- yitva | vidusaka iti | 'raksobhyah bhiruh ' bhayasila [iti sahasupeti samasah ] | tatah svarthe kutsitarthe va kah | vidusaka iti | 'gacchami ' gamisyami ( varta- mana samipye ' - [ 3 | 3|131 ] | iti bhavisyavarse lat ) | mahadambareneti bhavah | - | ' - 80. - 1. krtyayoh- kr + kyap [ 'vibhasa krvrsoh - 3.1.120] = krtyam, or krt +kyap ['rdupadhat ca'krpicrteh ' - 3.1.110] = krtyah- DutyBhD 2. dvesibhavati dviprakaram iti dvi + dhamutra by [dviyosca ghamuda - 5.3. 45 = dvaidham | Then svarthe da: by [ samutra - antat svartha da-darsanam - Varttika 1991.]. Next matvarthe ac, dvaidham - Having two divisions. Cf. " abhicaivam pratisthasurasit karya-dvayakulah " - Shishupala-badha II. I; "bolaya-

80 NOTES ] dvitiyo'ku 296 = | | manena cetasa " - Kad. P. 729; "na jane sambeha-bolamavalambya samvit " - Naisadha-Carita VIII. 48 3. saile-- silanam samuhah (4.2.37 ), yadva silah santi matra iti sila + an sailah tasmin | 'saileh ' will divide the river-current into several parts. So it is rejected. Cf. "Two inconsistent duties sever my mind with cruel shock, As when the current of a river is split upon a rock"-Ryder. For similar idea. Cf. " nadya iva pravaho visama- silasankata - skhalita vegah | visnita-samagama-sukhah manasisayastvanugunibhavati " - Vikramorvasiya III. 8. 'dvidha pasya samudraphenan " - Raghuvamsha XIII. 11. The simile is a bit defective as, the causes of " dvaidhibhavana ' of 'manas ' and 'srotas ' are different [ie bhinna desatva | saila- pratihatatva | Now see Kavyadarsa II. 51.56.] - strotovahah = srotas + vaha + kvip kartari ['kvip ca - 3 2 76. ]. = srotovaha, - ( srotovat in Nom. Singular) - Streamlet ( tasyah ) | 4. raksobhirukam -- Not a case of pancami tatpurusa by 'pancami bhayena ' (2 1 37 ). Read - " bhaya iti svarupa grahanam | na arthasya | pramana'bhavat | tena 'vrkat trasah ' ityadau samasah na | katham tahi 'bhogoparatah " 'grama-nirgatah ' ityadiprayogah | * 'supsupa ' ityanena va tadupapattiriti " -T. 'mahabrahmana ' (Vide 162 n. 1). It may be ironical here, but the jester is expected to swell with the title without understanding the irony. bhavati - In Your Worship (sarcastic ). yuvaraja - Crown prince ; the reigning prince is 'adhiraja ' - Raghuvamsha III. 36. 5. asmi = I. (Vide 7 n. 2). tapovanoparodhah -- The attendants were a bar to the progress of his love affair, so the king very dextrously dispensed with them, under the pretext of disturbance to the hermitage. 1 • Text : -- raja (atmagatam ) -- capalo ' 'yam vatuh | kavacidasmatprarthana- mantahpurebhyah kathayet | bhavatu | enamevam vaksye - ( vidusakam hasde grhitva prakasam ) vayasya, rsi-gauravavasramam gacchami | na khala satyameva tapasa kanyakarya mamabhilasah | pasya -- sundari kva vayam, kva paroksa- manmatho mrgasavamh samamedhito janah | sabharalaga ) parihasa- vijalpitam ' sakhe ! paramarthena na grhyatam vacah || 18 || (sasajaga, ( vaitaliyam va ) King (Aside) This (Brahmin) chap is a chatter-box¹ (babbler).

214 abhijnanasakuntalam [ 80 NOTE He might perchance let out my suit to the inmates of the sergalio. Well, to him, thus I'll speak ; ( Holding Vidusaka by the hand - Aloud) Friend, I am going to the hermitage (solely ) out of respect for the ascetics. In sooth, I have got no predilection for the hermit's daughter. ObserveWhere are we and where, is a creature brought up with fawns, and a stranger to (the influence) of love. Take not in earnest, my friend, the ( light) word uttered in jest. 3 (18) vidusakah -- aha im [ atha kim ] | (niskrantah sarve ) | Vidusaka - Just so. (Exeunt Omnes). dvitiyo'nkah (End of the Second Act ) I rajeti | 'ayam vaduh ' manavakah [ 'valakah manavah valah kisorah vatu rityapi " iti sabdaratnavali ) 'capalah ' cancalah vacatah alpa- vayaskatvat iti bhavah | 'kadacit ' iti sambhavana-yotakah, 'asmakam prarthana ' sakuntala- visaye mamabhilasam 'antah purebhyah ' laksanaya antapura sthita mahisibhyah kathayet ' ( sambhavanayam lina ) | 'vaksye ' (iti kartrabhipraye atmanepadam ) | 'rsi- yaugvat tapasvisu bhaktivasat, tesam karma sampadayitum ityartha | kveti | 'vayam ' madrsah visaya''makta-manasah nagarah 'kva ' kutra vartante | 'mrgasavah ' harinapatah 'sama ' saha 'edhitah ' vrddhim praptah, ataeva 'paroksa ' indriyanam agocarah ' manmathah ' kamacinta ( " manmatho kama-cintayam kapitthe kusumayudhe " iti medini ) yasya tadrsah kama-kala'nabhijnah 'janah ' sakuntala-rupah 'kva ' kutra vartate ( dvau kva - sabdi mahdantaram mrtrayata .) | atah pranayasyavakasah nasti iti hrdayam | he 'sakhe parihamena ' narma-cchalena kautukena iti yavat | ("drava-keli-parihasah krida़ा khela ca narma ca ' ityamarah ) 'vijalpitam ' kathitam 'vatrah ' sakuntalayam anuragakathana- rupam 'paramarthena ' satyampena ('dhanyena dhanavan ' itivat abhede karane trtiya ) 'na grhyatam ' avagamyatam | [ punaruktavadabhasah | vrtyanuprasah | kavyalingam padartha - vakyartha-rupena | aye ardhe visamalankarabhedah, sahoktisca | vrttametat

81 NOTES ] dvitiyo'nkah 215 sundari ( viyogini va ) | raghavabhatastu etat 'betaliyam vrtam ' ityaha | " raja svagatam " ityadina etadantena 'samvrttih ' nama samdhyantarangamupaksiptam | vallaksanam yatha-- " samvrttih svayamuktasya svayam pracchadanam bhavet " | viparyaya-nama natyalaksananca - "vicarasya anyatha - bhavah sandehattu viparyaya " iti darpana-laksa- pat ) ||15|| || iti gautama - sriramendramohanavasu-viracitayamabhijnana- sakuntala- tikayam kumarasantosinyam dvitiyo'nkah samaptah || 81 n. - 1. vatuh - Lit. a boy, youth. Cf. English 'chap or fellow. Cf. " kimapyayam vatuh punarvivaksuh sphuritottaradharah " - Kumara-sambhava V. 83. Here a Brahmin boy.Cf. "vatavrksah (vato + rksah ) maya drstah vari-varana-mastake | tavattatra na gacchami yavat so'pi na gacchati " - vidagdha - mukha mandanam | 'eso'pi sa dustah- batukah - Mricchakatika V. I. 2. kadacit (Perhaps ) - ' kadacit sabdah ' sambhavanam dyotayati " -- N. Cf. "kadacit anabhimata smara-vikara-darsana- kupito'yam sapabhijnam karoti mam adurakopa hi munijanasya " &c. - Kad. 1 st Part. "kadacivasau vailaksyadasmanalokyapasarpatyeva taccatursvapi parsvasvavahita " &c.-Ibid. 2 nd Part. asmat- prarthanam - The whole affair of my pursuit after a wild girl. 3. antahpurebhyah -- ( To the inmates of seraglio) (4 n. 3. ). haste ( grhitva ) - Instead of2ya or 3ya, 'Locative' is used by vivaksa | Read " vyadadane caturthi syat, darsane kathane'pi ca | adayakarane yoge saptami kamscidisyate "Hari qtd. Sumativijaya under Raghuvamsha II. 28 ; "haste grhitva maricam ravanah vakyamabravit " - Ram. III. 42,13 ; 'alane grhyate hasti ' - Mricchakatika ; 'gitamihaste visarjayisyami ' - Sakuntala IIl ; (153 n. 4). 0kanyakayam abhilasah -- Note the use of saptami with abhi + laks, sniha, etc. - ( 94. 4). 4. vaksye - Atmanepada because if Vidusaka is put off scent, the benefit goes to the king. 5. vayam -- Refers to the kings in general who are always accustomed to deal with city-bred beauties, and are thoroughly acquainted with all the arts of fascination. kva kva - (14 n. 8 ) ; Padma-Purana 4. 55.25, 27. "kvayam harina iva vanavasaniratah svabhava - mugbhojanah kva ca vividhavilasa - rasa - rasirgandharva- rajaputri " - Kad. P. 596. 6. paroksa-aksi- indriya- ( In. 9). "aksnoh param -

216 abhijnana- sakuntalam [ 81 NOTES iti vigrahe samasanta - vidhana - samarthyat avyayibhava . " - Siddhanta-Kaumudi Next ( samasanta ) 'ac ' by Gana-Sutra - 'prati-para-samanubhyo'ksnah | Bhattoji Diksita remarks 'parokse lit ' (2171) iti 'nipatanat okaradesah ' | Hence 'paroksam ' and not 'paraksam ' | Next matvarye aca, gives 'paroksah ' | man | diva bhave - [ 'sampadadibhyah kvip '- (Varttika 3. 3. 94) ? 'pdropped by lang zfa amdoug'-(Varttika 6.4.40) : 'tuku ' by ' hrasvasya piti krti tuk ) ' - 6.1.71] - mat- Consciousness' math ' ( viloड़ne ) ] + pacadi ac kartari ( 3. 1. 134 ) -- mathah | 'mata ' (cetanasya *my:'=qma:- Killer of consciousness-Bhanuji Diksita Read "yasmat pramathya cetastva jato'smakam tathavidham | tasmat manmatha-nama tvam loke khyato bhavisyasi " - Kalika Purana, II. 4; viddhasalabhanjika -- 1.15 paroksa- - - : is used in a double sense viz., (i) One unacquainted with lovematters. (ii) who is inwardly in love. 7. paramarthena - The king requests the jester not to take seriously what was said before (i.e. the fact that he was enamoured of a hermit girl). For she being a woman brought up in the forest and having no culture and art (n. 5) has no power to cater for the peculiar taste of a king,. a townbred individual who is intimately acquainted with the beautiful accomplished ladies of the society. Thus any attachment between them is not within the nature of things and hence absolutely absurd. This, apparently innocent falsehood will terribly tell on the fate of Sakuntala (Act. VI. 201 n. 9). Mark that the duplicity of the king does not stigmatise his character.- (Vide 37 n. 1). The king being a "fe does not like to offend any of his consorts for whom at present he has practically no real love. For this a-Vide. (195 n. 4.) 'anya- samkranta gayIsfa xuq-Amda ³¸d"-Sanumati's speech. Act. VI. infra. Remark Our poet very skilfully introduces the summons of the queen mother, with a view to removing Vidusaka (along with all the retinues) from the scene of Dusyanta's courtship with Sakuntala , which plays an important part in the development of the plot. From the last verse, the addlepated jester is made to believe that the alleged love between the -

81 NOTES] feritats: 217 king and Sakuntala is sham. Thus the last shadow of Sakuntala 's affair is blotted out of his memory. Jester's ignorance of the Gandharva marriage is a sine qua non, as the slightest knowledge in him would give rise to an impossible situation in the 5 th Act by baffling the imprecation of Durbasa. For he being a veritable babbler, would have told others about it, and himself being an eye-witness would have surely remembered her face. Time-analysis of Act II-The Second Act commences early in the morning of the next day after the events described in Act. I. ( hyah kila asmasu avahinesu - &c., ' evameva cintayatah me prabhata rent: tort"--Vidusaka's speech). The season is the same ('grisma-virala- padapa-cchayasu ' ) | The conversation of Vidusaka & the ( " asmin padapa- cchaya - viracita-vitana- (" king ended late at noon ' &c. Page-172) 1