Journal of Public Health in Africa

2010 | 3,594,352 words

The Journal of Public Health in Africa (JPHIA) is a peer-reviewed, open access academic journal focusing on public health in Africa and aligned with several Sustainable Development Goals, such as food security, health, gender equality, and water sanitation. Founded in 2010, it is now published by AOSIS and managed by Africa CDC. JPHIA publishes ori...

Oral health literacy in Malang City, Indonesia

Author(s):

Rara Warih Gayatri,
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Ema Novita Deniati,
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Roslan bin Saub,
Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia


Year: 2022 | Doi: 10.4081//jphia.2022.2414

Copyright (license): Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.


Download the PDF file of the original publication


[[[ p. 1 ]]]

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Low, Malang, Main, Bin, Good]

Oral health literacy in Malang City, Indonesia Rara Warih Gayatri, 1 Ema Novita Deniati, 1 Roslan Bin Saub 2 1 Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia; 2 Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Abstract Dental and oral health are the main indicators of health, well-being, and quality of life. The concept of Oral Health Literacy (OHL) has become important because it regards individual capacity to understand and use dental information to transform into oral health behaviours. Thus, the aim of this study was to discover and describe the OHL status of adults in Malang City and its relationship with sociodemographic status so that it can be used as a basis for making policy. This study used observational analytical study design involving 450 respondents in Malang by quota random sampling method The data was collected by the self-administered 29-item HeLD-ID (Health Literacy in Dentistry Indonesian Version) questionnaire. The study resulted that the overall HeLD-ID score was 3.68±0.69. The HeLD- ID score significant difference was affected by sex ( p< 0.05) and the other sociodemographic determinants (age, last education, and income) were not. However, there were significant differences of HeLD scores in communication domain ( p< 0.05) affected by age, sex, and income. Introduction Dental and oral health is a main indicator of overall health, well-being, and quality of life 1 The Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 assumes that oral disease affects almost 3.5 billion people worldwide, with the majority of cases occuring in permanent dental caries 2 Globally, it is estimated that 2.3 billion people suffer from dental caries in permanent teeth and more than 530 million children suffer from primary dental caries 2 Meanwhile, according to Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) from 2018, it was stated that the largest proportion of dental problems in Indonesia were damaged/cavities/sick teeth (45.3%), 3 whereas the majority of oral health problems experienced by the Indonesian population were swollen gums and/or boils (abscesses) by 14% 3 In East Java, Riskesdas data from 2018 indicated that Malang ranked first with 55.64% of the population who had problems of tooth decay/cavities/pain 4 Oral Health Literacy (OHL) is one of the risk factors that affect the degree of dental and oral health within a society. OHL is an important key in preventing oral diseases and promoting oral health 5 It is defined as a measure of the capacity and ability of a person to obtain, process, and understand basic oral health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions 6 Several studies show that there is a significant relationship between high OHL and good oral and dental health. The study in accordance with Yazdani et al. (2018) showed that respondents with poor periodontal health had low OHL 7 Similar to the study by Bazkarados (2018), low parental OHL leads to children with a high number of missing teeth 8 Thus, it can be asserted that increasing OHL is one of the priority efforts to increase knowledge and behavior related to oral health 5 There are many tools available to measure OHL, and one of them is Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD) questionnaire 9 The benefit using HeLD questionnaire besides it concerns in cultural appropriateness, it also covers more domains such as communication, access, economic barriers, receptivity, understanding, utilization, and support 9 Based on previous study, HeLD questionnaire has been translated into Indonesian Language (HeLD-ID) and showed as a potential to be a valid and reliable oral health instrument particularly in Indonesia 9 As mentioned before, Malang has a very high number of population who had dental and oral health problems. However, very few studies have been done to assess the information regarding OHL among adult in Malang. This may lead to the poor preventive and promotive oral health programs in Malang. Indeed, this information is very important to synergize the OHL status of the people of Malang City with what policies should be implemented in order to improve their oral health status.Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure OHL using HeLD-ID questionnaire and to analyze the socioeconomic determinants among adults in Malang. Materials and Methods This study used observational analytical study design with a cross sectional approach. Residents of Malang City were the population used in this study. This research used quota random sampling undertaken in every sub-district in Malang City by taking respondents in each sub-district, based on a report from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2020 indicating that the number of people in Malang City was 874,890 people 10 Based on this data, the sample size was calculated using the Slovin formula, so that a minimum sample size of 399.81 respondents was obtained, then it was rounded up to 400 respondents In the end, samples from 450 respondents were collected in this study. The data about OHL were collected using the HeLD-ID Journal of Public Health in Africa 2022; volume 13(s 2):2414 Correspondence: Rara Warih Gayatri, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl Semarang No. 5 Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia Tel.: +62 8123394895 E-mail: rara.warih.fik@um.ac.id Key words: Oral health literacy, HeLD-29 items, Sociodemographic status Contributions: Design the work: RWG, END, RS. Data analysis: RWG. Interpretation of data: RWG. Drafting: RWG. Review & editing: RWG, END, RS Conflict of interest: The authors declare no potential conflict of interest Acknowledgments: The authors thank to all respondents that participated in this study. We also thank to Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Malang that support this study. Conference presentation: This article was presented at the 4 th International Scientific Meeting on Public Health and Sports (ISMOPHS 2022) Received for publication: 20 October 2022 Accepted for publication: 17 November 2022 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 License (CC BY-NC 4.0) ©Copyright: the Author(s),2022 Licensee PAGEPress, ItalyJournal of Public Health in Africa 2022; 13(s 2):2414 doi:10.4081/jphia.2022.2414 Publisher's note: All claims expressed in thisarticle are solely those of the authors and donot necessarily represent those of their affili-ated organizations, or those of the publisher,the editors and the reviewers. Any product thatmay be evaluated in this article or claim thatmay be made by its manufacturer is not guar-anteed or endorsed by the publisher. [Journal of Public Health in Africa 2022; 13(s 1):2414] [page 69]

[[[ p. 2 ]]]

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Jones]

questionnaire as the main instrument of this study 9 Interviews were conducted in order to provide an explanation if the respondents had questions. HelD-ID score were measured from the participant responses on a 5- point likert scale and the higher score meaning the higher OHL. Sociodemographic characteristics of respondents which is age, sex, last education, and income were analyzed for differences in OHL using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test. All research procedures were approved by the Health Research Ethics Commission of the Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health of Malang (Reg. No.:136 / KEPK- POLKESMA/ 2021) Results The results of the statistical description analysis of research variables cover age, sex, last education, income, receptivity, understanding, support, economic barriers, access, communication, and utilization can be seen in Table 1. The results of characteristic descriptions based on age obtained at most aged 25-50 years, namely as many as 260 people (57.8%). Oral health literacy by age group showed that the <25-year-old group of respondents had the highest literacy (108.04±21.00), while the 25-50-yearold group of respondents had the lowest literacy (106.20±19.29). The results of oralhealth literacy comparison between age groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant difference ( p-value = 0.395), however in the Communication domain, there was a significant difference ( p-value = 0.042) The results of characteristic descriptions based on sex obtained the most are men, which is as many as 273 people (60.7%). Oral health literacy descriptions based on sex group showed that the group of female respondents had the highest literacy (109.26±20.69), while the male respondent group had the lowest literacy (105.48±19.47). The results of oral healthliteracy comparison between sex groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference ( p-value = 0.019), then in the Communication indicator found a significant difference ( p-value = 0.027) The results of characteristic descriptions based on education obtained the highest school education/ equivalent, which is as many as 156 people (34.7 %). Oral healthliteracy descriptions based on education groups showed that the group of respondents who studied elementary school / equivalent had the highest literacy (108.14±18.76), while the group of respondents who did not study had the lowest literacy (98.80±19.92). Oral health literacy comparison results between educational groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant difference ( p-value = 0.150) The results of characteristic descriptions based on income obtained at most have income of 1.5-2.5 million rupiah, which is as many as 235 people (52.2%) Oral health literacy descriptions based on income groups showed that the group of respondents who had incomes of 1.5-2.5 million rupiah had the highest literacy (107.61±20.29), while the group of respondents who had incomes >3.5 million rupiah had the lowest literacy (99.54±15.61). The results of oral health literacy comparison between income groups using the Kruskal- Wallis test showed no significant difference ( p-value = 0.077), then in the Communication indicator found a significant difference ( p-value = 0.019) Discussion Based on general health literacy, Oral Health Literacy (OHL) is an important key in preventing oral diseases, as well as regulating and improving oral health 5,7 OHL reflects the level a person has to obtain, process, and understand health information and services to make appropriate health decisions 11,12 Measuring OHL is considered important because it can reduce dental and oral health disparities in the community, as it is recognized as a basic cause of health disparities and has become a recent health priority 8 Berkman et al . (2011) also have the same opinion that health literacy can be an effective tool in preventing disease, eliminating health inequalities, increasing diagnosis and effectiveness of treatment or medical care, and increasing health outcomes with minimal costs 13 This is due to health literacy representing cognitive and social skills that determine an individual’s motivation and ability to gain access, understand, and use information in a way that promotes and maintains good 14 OHL measurements can be carried out with many instruments, one of which is HeLD. HeLD is an instrument developed by Jones et al (2014) which uses the Health Literacy Measurement Scale (HELM) as a basis HeLD has advantages such as facilitating epidemiological studies related to OHL in a wide scope with minimal costs 15 HeLD consists of seven domains including Receptivity, Understanding, Support, Economic Barrier, Access, Communication, and Utilization 9 Several previous studies have examined the impact of OHL on oral health status and behavior. They indicate that there is a significant relationship between high OHL and overall oral health 16 People with high OHL levels have a good dental and oral health status 17 According to Yazdani et al . (2017), there is a significant correlation between OHL and oral health behavior, where people with high OHL tend to brush their teeth more frequently in a day, use toothpaste, and visit the dentist regularly 17 This shows that high levels of OHL have an impact on adequate health habits that encourage individuals to improve their health conditions 17 In contrast, low health literacy is associated with poor health outcomes 18 In accordance with Firmino et al. (2017), low OHL levels can interfere with the ability of an individual to process and understand information about preventing dental and oral health disease, as well as in seeking and complying with treatment so that it will have a positive impact on worsening oral health conditions and the risk of developing dental and oral diseases 11 For example, there are dental plaque/biofilm, 19 periodontitis, 20 dental bleeding, pocket formation, 21 dental caries, 22 cavitary caries/lesions, 23 a decrease in the number of teeth and reduction of tooth adhesion, 11 and there even tends to impact depressive symptoms 13 This proves the statement of Hongal et al (2013) where people with inadequate OHL tend to have worse oral health knowledge and, as a result, they rarely visit the dentist so they are prone to delays in the diagnosis of dental conditions which impact the worsening of the condition of the teeth and mouth 24 This study used the translated Indonesian version of Health Literacy Dental (HeLD) scale to assess OHL of the people in Malang City, Indonesia. The former HeLD-ID questionnaire was implemented in Jakarta 11 and this study focused on people in Malang City to implement HeLD-ID in a more generalized setting in Indonesia. There was strong internal cosistency with Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.854 and CITC values for all items were above 0.3. This mean that HeLD-ID questionnaire can be implemented for larger population in Indonesia, moreover for population in urban areas Health literacy is effected by many factors, including education, income, socioculture, demographics, ethnicity, race, mental and physical conditions, health systems, and geographical conditions 18,25 According to N. Sistani et al . (2013), the imbalance in dental and oral health status is caused by various factors including environmental, biological, behavioral, cultural, socio-economic, political, and access to health ser- Article [page 70] [Journal of Public Health in Africa 2022; 13(s 2):2414]

[[[ p. 3 ]]]

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Long, Santoso]

vices, as well as OHL 26 Socio-economic factors are the strongest risk factors for influencing OHL and poor health result 23 The overall HeLD-ID mean score was 3.68 ± 0.69. This score was higher than from previous study in Indonesia 10,27 Also, there is a tight and negative relationship between OHL and sex at the confidence level of 95% in this study. This implies that women are more concerned with OHL than men Further, among several factors, the sex factor merely gives a difference in the OHL results at the confidence level of 95% where women tend to behave according to OHL more than men. The results of this study are supported by Mohammedi et al . (2018) who argue that women pay more attention to dental and oral health and hygiene, and more often access dental and oral health information through the media 20 Another determinant which is income level, even though not significantly affect the OHL, the HeLD scores in communication domain were significantly difference in this study. Higher income showed the higher score in communication domain which mean the ability to communicate their dental and oral problems were higher. Previous study showed the significant relationship between income and OHL, where high family income tend to supports the availability of financial resources and easy access to dental and oral health services so that it may contribute to better OHL 28 Further, people with adequate income tend to be able to report their oral health independently, thus, they have better dental and oral health status than those who live with less than optimal conditions 25 According to Bae & Wicakrama (2015) when it is viewed in the long term, among socio-economic factors, family income will affect children’s academics 29 This is due to a child from a lower socio-economic level who may show a low literacy rate, so the OHL level tends to be low, as well 29 Whereas in a country with universal coverage for dental and oral health such as Brazil, the use of health services is still influenced by socioeconomic inequalities 30 However, the statement from Somkotra & Detsomboonrat (2009) can explain the results of this study. They argue that people with low incomes are more likely to access and utilize services in subsidized public facilities. Santoso et al. (2020) also share the opinion that the availability of health insurance will increase an individual’s opportunity to use dental services. In addition, health insurance with easy access may also affect the use of dental health services in Indonesia. Other studies that show a positive correlation between income and OHL have different characteristics of respondents from this study. For example, Article [Journal of Public Health in Africa 2022; 13(s 2):2414] [page 71] T ab le 1 . M ea n O ra l H ea lt h L it er ac y (O H L ) d o m ai n s co re s am o n g va ri o u s so ci o d em o gr ap h ic c h ar ac te ri st ic s o f ad u lt r es p o n d en ts l iv in g in M al an g C it y, I n d o n es ia . V a ri a b le s n ( % ) R e ce p ti vi ty U n d e rs ta n d in g S u p p o rt E co n o m ic B a rr ie r A cc e ss C o m m u n ic a ti o n U ti li za ti o n O ra l H e a lt h L it e ra cy O H L M e a n ± S D To ta l 4 50 ( 10 0% ) 19 .4 0± 3 22 1 1 68 ± 3 19 11 .7 4± 3 18 10 .6 2± 2 08 1 4 40 ± 4 39 2 4 70 ± 6 46 1 4 44 ± 3 61 10 6 96 ± 20 .0 2 3 .6 8± 0 69 Ag e < 25 y ea rs o ld 10 0 (2 2 2) 1 9 19 ± 3 27 1 1 26 ± 3 47 11 .2 7± 3 48 10 .5 4± 2 09 1 4 89 ± 4 47 2 5 97 ± 6 13 1 4 92 ± 3 43 10 8 04 ± 21 .0 0 3 .7 2± 0 72 2 5- 50 y ea rs o ld 2 60 ( 57 .8 ) 1 9 48 ± 3 13 1 1 74 ± 3 08 11 .7 7± 3 11 10 .6 5± 2 08 1 4 17 ± 4 40 2 4 06 ± 6 52 1 4 34 ± 3 59 10 6 20 ± 19 .2 9 3 .6 6± 0 66 > 50 y ea rs o ld 9 0 (2 0 0) 19 .4 3± 3 47 1 1 98 ± 3 19 12 .1 7± 3 03 10 .6 1± 2 11 1 4 50 ± 4 31 2 5 13 ± 6 49 1 4 18 ± 3 87 10 8 00 ± 21 .0 9 3 .7 2± 0 72 p -v al ue 0 .7 74 0 26 2 0 .2 22 0 .8 62 0 28 5 0 .0 42 * 0 35 0 0 39 5 0 .3 95 Se x F em al e 1 77 ( 39 .3 ) 1 9 62 ± 3 24 1 1 88 ± 3 14 11 .9 3± 3 16 10 .7 9± 2 18 1 4 82 ± 4 43 2 5 51 ± 6 33 1 4 71 ± 3 51 10 9 26 ± 20 .6 9 3 .7 6± 0 71 M al e 2 73 ( 60 .7 ) 1 9 27 ± 3 22 1 1 55 ± 3 23 11 .6 1± 3 20 10 .5 0± 2 02 1 4 12 ± 4 36 2 4 17 ± 6 51 1 4 26 ± 3 68 10 5 48 ± 19 .4 7 3 .6 3± 0 .6 7 p -v al ue 0 .1 98 0 36 0 0 .2 97 0 .1 03 0 05 8 0 .0 27 * 0 19 3 0 .0 19 * 0 .0 19 * La st e du ca ti on N on e 1 0 (2 .2 ) 1 9 30 ± 3 30 1 0 80 ± 3 52 10 .8 0± 3 52 9 .6 0± 1 84 13 .0 0± 5 98 2 2 20 ± 7 24 1 3 10 ± 4 51 9 8 80 ± 19 .9 2 3 41 ± 0 68 E le m en ta ry S ch oo l 1 48 ( 32 .9 ) 1 9 41 ± 3 13 1 1 79 ± 3 19 11 .8 8± 3 16 10 .8 6± 1 90 1 4 50 ± 4 28 2 4 86 ± 6 21 1 4 84 ± 3 46 10 8 14 ± 18 .7 6 3 .7 2± 0 64 M id dl e Sc ho ol 90 ( 20 .0 ) 19 .6 4± 3 39 1 1 89 ± 3 11 11 .9 3± 3 11 10 .6 3± 1 86 1 4 38 ± 4 17 2 4 47 ± 6 75 1 4 42 ± 3 77 10 7 37 ± 20 .0 0 3 .7 0± 0 68 H ig h Sc ho ol 15 6 (3 4 7) 1 9 54 ± 3 06 1 1 70 ± 3 28 11 .7 1± 3 29 10 .6 4± 2 21 1 4 68 ± 4 36 2 5 40 ± 6 20 1 4 46 ± 3 51 10 8 13 ± 20 .1 1 3 .7 2± 0 69 D ip lo m a/ un de rg ra du at e/ 46 ( 10 .2 ) 1 8 46 ± 3 69 1 1 07 ± 3 02 11 .2 0± 2 99 9 .9 3± 2 51 13 .4 3± 4 91 2 2 83 ± 7 19 1 3 35 ± 3 82 10 0 26 ± 22 .7 0 3 .4 5± 0 78 p os tg ra du at e p -v al ue 0 41 4 0 .5 21 0 .5 56 0 .1 20 0 62 6 0 .1 88 0 .1 32 0 15 0 In co m e < R p 1 .4 99 .9 99 38 ( 8 4) 1 9 74 ± 2 99 1 2 13 ± 3 05 12 .3 2± 3 01 10 .8 9± 2 20 1 4 84 ± 4 14 2 5 71 ± 6 20 1 4 97 ± 3 96 11 0 61 ± 20 .6 5 3 .8 1± 0 71 R p 1 .5 00 .0 00 - 2 .4 99 .9 99 23 5 (5 2 2) 1 9 44 ± 3 11 1 1 71 ± 3 09 11 .7 2± 3 11 10 .5 9± 2 11 1 4 46 ± 4 35 2 5 12 ± 6 60 1 4 57 ± 3 61 10 7 61 ± 20 .2 9 3 .7 1± 0 69 R p 2 .5 00 .0 00 - 3 .4 99 .9 99 15 3 (3 4 0) 1 9 37 ± 3 49 1 1 64 ± 3 41 11 .7 3± 3 36 10 .6 7± 2 07 1 4 30 ± 4 64 2 4 29 ± 6 48 1 4 24 ± 3 45 10 6 24 ± 19 .9 1 3 .6 6± 0 68 ≥ R p 3 .5 00 .0 00 2 4 (5 .3 ) 1 8 75 ± 3 04 1 1 00 ± 3 02 11 .0 0± 3 02 10 .0 8± 1 67 1 3 63 ± 3 74 2 1 58 ± 4 44 1 3 50 4 .1 7 9 9 54 ± 15 .6 1 3 42 ± 0 53 p -v al ue 0 73 2 0 .6 06 0 .4 50 0 .3 45 0 61 3 0 .0 19 * 0 22 5 0 07 7 *s ig ni fi ca nt a t pva lu e < 0 05 .

[[[ p. 4 ]]]

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Gomes, Lee, Martins, Gupta, Ashraf, Ferreira, Abd, Sousa, Lawrence, Mar, Petersen, Garcia, Gigi, Ahsan, Abbasi, James, Lima, Mohammadi, Batista]

differences in age and geographic ranges also affect the results of OHL Even though all respondents have a toothbrush and brush their teeth every day, most of the respondents are not aware of the importance of going to the doctor for a check-up. This can be seen from the large percentage of respondents who had their teeth checked by a dentist more than one year ago and less than one year ago. In fact, when it is viewed from the OHL indicator, the average score per respondent indicator is in the high category. Foncesa et al . 2017 argue that the use of dental and oral health services reflects the level of awareness and individual need 30 In Indonesia, the percentage of utilization of dental and oral health services is very low. The results of research by Santoso et al . (2020) state that 86.4% of adults in Indonesia have never visited a dentist. Besides socioeconomic factors, the distance between residence and the location of dental and oral health services also affects the decision of an individual to take care of their dental and oral health 30 Especially in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, many challenges are found in dental care where the majority of procedures produce droplets and aerosols that pose a risk of transmitting the SARS-COV-2 virus One of the study limitations was the convenience nature of sampling method which mean that the HeLD-ID questionnaire may alter in more representative sample. We used quota random sampling based on the sub district in Malang City, which caused bias because of the proportion of population in each sub district may differ Also, this study only focused on the urban area which can be a limitation for HeLD-ID to be implemented in a more generalized setting in Indonesia. Conclusions This study is the first study to assess OHL in Malang City. Dealing with the results of the study, it resulted that the OHL scores of respondents were high despite the high prevalence of the oral and dental problems in Malang City. More researchs are needed to be done to analyze the relationship between prevalence of the oral and dental problems and OHL score using HeLD-ID in Indonesia. The higher score of OHL among women is indicating that men needed to be focused target for the education of oral health. Therefore, it is necessary to have a socialization program for the use of dental and oral health services to improve public health status and prevent oral diseases, especially in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic References 1. World Health Organisation (WHO) Oral health. [Online]. 2020. Available: https://www.who.int/health-topics/oralhealth/#tab=tab_1 2. James SL, Abate D, Abate KH, Abay SM, Abbafati C, Abbasi N, Abbastabar H, Abd-Allah F, Abdela J, Abdelalim A, Abdollahpour I. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 2018 Nov 10;392(10159):1789-858. 3. Pusat Data dan Informasi, Kementerian Kesehatan. Infodatin: Kesehatan Gigi Nasional. [Online]. 2020 Available:https://www.kemkes.go.id/re sources/download/pusdatin/infodatin/in fodatin gigi.pdf 4. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Laporan Provinsi Jawa Timur Riskesdas 2018 2019 5. Dickson-Swift V, Kenny A, Farmer J, Gussy M, Larkins S. Measuring oral health literacy: a scoping review of existing tools. BMC oral health. 2014 Dec;14(1):1-3 6. Petersen PE, Ogawa H. The global burden of periodontal disease: towards integration with chronic disease prevention and control. Periodontology 2000 2012 Oct;60(1):15-39. 7. Yazdani R, Esfahani EN, Kharazifard MJ. Relationship of oral health literacy with dental caries and oral health behavior of children and their parents Journal of Dentistry (Tehran, Iran) 2018 Sep;15(5):275. 8. Baskaradoss JK. Relationship between oral health literacy and oral health status. BMC Oral Health. 2018 Dec;18(1): 1-6. 9. Wimardhani YS, Wiryoatmodjo AP, Sitepu CA, Nadiantari D, Soegyanto AI, Rahmayanti F, Wardhany II, Rahardjo A, Maharani DA. Oral health literacy among adults in Jakarta, Indonesia Journal of Stomatology. 2018;71(5): 392-9. 10. Badan Pusat Statistik [Online]. 2021 Available: https://malangkota.bps .go.id/indicator/12/48/1/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-kecamatandan-jeniskelamin.html 11. Firmino RT, Ferreira FM, Paiva SM, Granville-Garcia AF, Fraiz FC, Martins CC. Oral health literacy and associated oral conditions: A systematic review The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2017 Aug 1;148(8):604- 13 12. Richie Kohli BD. Health Education and Health Literacy in Dental Public Health. Burt and Eklund’s Dentistry, Dental Practice, and the Community-E- Book. 2020 Mar 22:247 13. Berkman ND, Sheridan SL, Donahue KE, Halpern DJ, Crotty K. Low health literacy and health outcomes: an updated systematic review. Annals of internal medicine. 2011 Jul 19;155(2):97-107 14. Pleasant A. Advancing health literacy measurement: a pathway to better health and health system performance Journal of health communication. 2014 Dec 2;19(12):1481-96 15. Jones K, Parker E, Mills H, Brennan D, Jamieson LM. Development and psychometric validation of a Health Literacy in Dentistry scale (HeLD) Community Dent Health. 2014 Mar 1;31(1):37-43 16. Ueno M, Ohara S, Inoue M, Tsugane S, Kawaguchi Y. Association between education level and dentition status in Japanese adults: J apan public health center - based oral health study Community dentistry and oral epidemiology. 2012 Dec;40(6):481-7 17. Yazdani R, Mohebbi S, Chehree S. Oral health literacy and oral health behavior of senior medical and pharmacy students. Journal of Iranian Dental Association. 2017 Oct 10;29(4):141-8 18. Aljassim N, Ostini R. Health literacy in rural and urban populations: a systematic review. Patient Education and Counseling. 2020 Oct 1;103(10):2142- 54 19. Batista MJ, Lawrence HP, Sousa MD Oral health literacy and oral health outcomes in an adult population in Brazil BMC Public Health. 2018 Dec;18(1):1- 9 20. Mohammadi TM, Malekmohammadi M, Hajizamani HR, Mahani SA. Oral health literacy and its determinants among adults in Southeast Iran European journal of dentistry. 2018 Jul;12(03):439-42 21. Das D, Menon I, Gupta R, Arora V, Ashraf A, Ahsan I. Oral health literacy: A practical strategy towards better oral health status among adult population of Ghaziabad district. Journal of family medicine and primary care. 2020 Feb;9(2):764 22. Lee JY. Lower oral health literacy may lead to poorer oral health outcomes Journal of Evidence Based Dental Practice. 2018 Sep 1;18(3):255-7 23. Dutra LD, de Lima LC, Neves ÉT, Gomes MC, de Araújo LJ, Forte FD, Paiva SM, Ferreira FM, Granville- Article [page 72] [Journal of Public Health in Africa 2022; 13(s 2):2414]

[[[ p. 5 ]]]

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Lopes, Jain, Pereira]

Garcia AF. Adolescents with worse levels of oral health literacy have more cavitated carious lesions. PloS one 2019 Nov 27;14(11):e 0225176 24. Hongal S, Torwane NA, Goel P, Chandrashekar BR, Jain M, Saxena E Assessing the oral health literacy: A review. International Journal of Medicine and Public Health. 2013;3(4) 25. Mialhe FL, Bado FM, Ju X, Brennan DS, Jamieson L. Validation of the health literacy in dentistry scale in Brazilian adults. International Dental Journal. 2020 Apr 1;70(2):116-26 26. Naghibi Sistani MM, Yazdani R, Virtanen J, Pakdaman A, Murtomaa H Determinants of oral health: does oral health literacy matter?. International Scholarly Research Notices 2013;2013 27. Rahardjo A, Adinda S, Nasia AA, Adiatman M, Setiawati F, Wimardhani YS, Maharani DA. Oral health literacy in Indonesian adolescent. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research. 2015 Sep 1;8(3):123 28. Lopes RT, Neves ÉT, Dutra LD, Gomes MC, Paiva SM, Abreu MH, Ferreira FM, Granville-Garcia AF Socioeconomic status and family functioning influence oral health literacy among adolescents. Revista de Saúde Pública. 2020 Mar 20;54 29. Bae D, Wickrama KA. Family socioeconomic status and academic achievement among Korean adolescents: linking mechanisms of family processes and adolescents’ time use. The Journal of Early Adolescence. 2015 Oct;35(7):1014-38 30. Fonseca EP, Frias AC, Mialhe FL, Pereira AC, Meneghim MD. Factors associated with last dental visit or not to visit the dentist by Brazilian adolescents: A population-based study. PLoS One. 2017 Aug 31;12(8):e 0183310 Article [Journal of Public Health in Africa 2022; 13(s 2):2414] [page 73]

Other Health Sciences Concepts:

[back to top]

Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Oral health literacy in Malang City, Indonesia’. Further sources in the context of Health Sciences might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Urban area, Tooth decay, Health education, Periodontal health, Dental care, Dental caries, COVID-19 Pandemic, Socio-economic factors, Epidemiological studies, Oral health status, Kruskal Wallis test, Poor health outcomes, Health outcome, Global Burden of disease, Oral disease, Health System, Literacy rate, Health inequalities, Health insurance, Confidence level, Family income, Health literacy, Dental check-up, Health disparities, Sociodemographic Status, Female respondents, Research Variables, Dental services, Income group, Oral health behavior, Dental condition, Oral health literacy, Oral health programs, Socioeconomic determinants, Health habits, Cognitive and social skills, Mann-Whitney U-test, Health decisions, Educational groups, Depressive symptom, Health research ethics, Oral health problem, Preventive and promotive, Universal coverage, Public facilities, Health Literacy Measurement, Economic Barrier.

Let's grow together!

I humbly request your help to keep doing what I do best: provide the world with unbiased sources, definitions and images. Your donation direclty influences the quality and quantity of knowledge, wisdom and spiritual insight the world is exposed to.

Let's make the world a better place together!

Like what you read? Help to become even better: