Image title: The Tamang cultural information

1. Who are the Tamangs?

The Tamangs are one of the indigenous Ethnic groups of Nepal.

2. What does Tamang mean?

Ta means Tibetan language "Horse". Mang means "trader" in Tibetan language "Horse Trader" literally they are assumed to be horse merchant, horse rider or caverty. The Tamang is also known as Murmi, which means inhabitants of border (Mur-means border and Mi-means man)

3. Where does they live?

They have been residing in the mid hill and mountain region of Nepal mainly in Rasuwa, Makawanpur, Kabrepalanchowk, Sindupalchowk, Dolkha, Ramechhap, Sindhuli, and hilly region of Kathmandu valley. Except the places the Tamang are found to be scattered in the Eastern region of Nepal and Darjeeling, Sikkim and Northeast region of Bhutan and Burma.

4. How do they look?

The Tamang inhabitants of the hill and mountain region are Mongoloid in origin and in physical feature. Physically the Tamangs are well built and the epitome of rural fitness. They possess strong body structure with short and flat nose, black hair, black eyes with true Mongoloid feature.

5. What is the total population of Tamang?

According to population census of 2011, Tamangs are 5.8 percent of the total population of Nepal i.e. 1,539,830.

6. What sort of Language do Tamang speaks?

Tamang speak the language of Tibeto-Burmese family, which has close relation with the language of Gurung, Thakali, Chhantyal and Manangis.

7. How many clan groups Tamang have?

Tamang are divided into several subgroups such as Pakhrin, Waiba, Moktan, Thokar, Syangdan, Bomjan, Yonzan, Ghising, Rumba, Gole, Singdan and many more.

8. What short of festivals they observe throughout the year?

Tamang celebrate Losar (end of February) as well as Dashain, Tihar and Manghe Sankranti.

9. What is the Tamangs religion?

Tamangs are the followers of Buddhism.

10. What sort of culture Tamang's have?

They have their own rituals related from birth till death. Generally Tamangs are happy go merry folks. Tamang selo is one of the most popular songs in Nepal but Damfu, Saraswoti dance, Phawargeet, Dwata geet are the main songs and dances of Tamang. They sing and dance at feast and festivals. For the death ritual the dead body is left for cremation waiting for good omen upto three or four days. Mhane are erected and dhaja (religious flag) are unfuried in commemoration of the person.

11. What are the main occupations of Tamangs?

Tamangs main occupations are agriculture and animal husbandry. They also make radi, pakhi (carpet), gundri, sukul, pira, dalo, thunse, chitra etc. At present, Tamangs have chosen mountaineering, trekking and other occupations as well.

12. How they look different to other ethnic Groups?

The Tamangs have their own specific type of dress pattern, ornaments, musical instruments, language and religion etc. which distinguishes them from other ethnic groups of Nepal.

Hindi text (not proofread):

तामाङ जाति—
१. नेपालमा तामाङ जाति भनेको को हुन् ?
तामाङ जाति नेपालका विभिन्न आदिवासी जनजाति मध्ये एक प्रमुख जनजाति हो ।
२. तामाङ जातिको शब्दार्थ के हो ?
तामाङ शब्दले घोडा ब्यापारीको अर्थ पनि बुझाउदछ । जस्तै: ता-घोडा, माङ-ब्यापारी भन्ने बिश्वास रहि आएको छ । शब्दार्थको हिसाबले हेर्दा यिनीहरु घोडा ब्यापारी या घोडाको धनि वा कसै कसैले घोड सैनिक भएको अनुमान गरेको पाइन्छ कसै कसैले तामाङहरु लाई मुर्मि पनि भन्दछन् । जसको अर्थ (मुर-सिमाना, मि-मानिस) सिमानाको बासिन्दा हुन्छ ।
३. तामाङ जातिहरु कहाँ कहाँ बसोवास गर्दछन् ?
तामाङहरुको वढि बसोवास भएका जिल्लाहरुमा क्रमशः कार्भे पलाञ्चोक, नुवाकोट, सिन्धुपाल्चोक, धादिङ्ग, काठमाडौं, ललितपुर र रसुवा पर्दछन् भने यीनीहरुको बसोवास भएको क्षेत्रहरुमा पूर्व सुनकोशी र लिखु खोला नदिको इलाका, दक्षिणमा महाभारत पर्वतसम्म पश्चिम बुढि गण्डकी र त्रिसुली नदिको बिचको गणेश हिमालको दक्षिण भागमा र केहि मात्रामा तराईमा पनि विभिन्न जिल्लाहरुमा रहेका पाइन्छन् । यी ठाउँहरु वाहेक भारतको दार्जलिङ्ग, सिक्किम आदि स्थानहरुमा पनि तामाङ जातिहरु वसोवास गर्दछन् ।
४. तामाङ जातिहरुको शारीरिक आकृति कस्तो देखिन्छ ?
तामाङ जातिहरुको शारीरिक बनावटमा कद अलि होचो, गोलो अनुहार, थ्याप्चो नाख, कालो केस, साघुरो कालो आखाँ हुन्छ । यीनीहरु पुर्ण रुपमा मंगोलियन आकृतिका हुन्छन् ।
५. नेपालमा तामाङ जातिको जनसंख्या कति छ ?
सन् २०११ सालको राष्ट्रिय जनगणना अनुसार तामाङहरुको कूल जनसंख्या १,५३९,८३० अर्थात् संम्पुर्ण जनसंख्याको ५.८ प्रतिशत रहेको छ ।
६. तामाङ जातिहरु कुन भाषा बोल्दछन् ?
तामाङ जातिहरु आफ्नै भाषा बोल्दछन् । तामाङ जनजातिहरु मंगोल मूलका मानिन्छन् । तामाङ भाषा, चिनि-तिब्बती महादेशको तिब्बती बर्मेली परिवारको मध्य हिमाली भाषा हो । अन्य भोट बर्मेली भाषाको तुलनामा तामाङ भाषाको सहजाति संम्बन्ध गुरुङ, मनाङ्ग, थकाली भाषा संग नजिक रहेको देखिन्छ ।
७. तामाङ जातिहरु कति थरमा विभाजित छन् ?
तामाङ जातिहरु धेरै थरमा विभाजित छन् । जस्त : गोले, गोमदेन, वाइवा, मुक्तान, स्याङवा, दोङ, योनजन, बमजन इत्यादी ।
८. तामाङ जातिहले वर्ष भरी कुन कुन चाड पर्वहरु मनाउदछन् ?
तामाङ जातिहरुले आफ्नै प्रकारको चाड पर्वहरु मनाउँदछन् । तामाङ जातिहरुले प्राय दशैं तिहार मान्ने गर्दैनन् । यिनीहरुको मुख्य चाड ल्होसार हो। तापनि तराई क्षेत्रमा बसोवास गर्ने केहि तामाङहरुले दशै, तिहार, माघे सक्रान्ति पनि मनाउने गर्दछन् ।
९. तामाङ जातिहरु कुन धर्मालम्वी हुन् ?
लामाङ जातिहरु बौद्ध धर्मालम्वी हुन् । केहि धामी झांकी वाट पनि उल्लेखनीय रुपमा प्रभावित छन् ।
१०. तामाङ जातिको संस्कार सस्कृति कस्तो रहि आएको छ ?
तामाङ जातिहरुको सस्कार संस्कृतिमा डम्फु नाच, देवता नाच, सरस्वती नाच, गीतहरुमा तामाङ सेलो, फावर गीत गाएर नाच्ने चलन छ । धार्मिक जात्रामा हवाई गीते, देवता गीत, सरस्वती नाच, डम्फु नाच, नाचिनुका साथै गीत पनि गाइन्छ । मर्दा साइत नभएमा तिन चार दिन सम्म लास लगिदैन, मरेको मान्छेको नाममा "म्हानै "हरु बनाइ दिएर मन्त्र सहितको ध्वजा फहराइन्छ । यस्तै प्रकारले यी जातिहरुको जन्म, भात खुवाई, छेवर, बिवाह इत्यादी आफ्नै प्रकारको हुन्छ ।
११. तामाङ जातिहरुको मुख्य पेशा वा ब्यवसाय के हो ?
तामाङ जातिहरुको मुख्य पेशा कृषि हो र दोस्रो पशुपालन नै हो । तर हाल आएर यी जातिहरु ब्यापार, उद्योग, ट्रेकिङ्ग, पर्वतारोहण र नगन्य रुपमा जागीर तथा राजनैतिक क्षेत्रमा पनि संलग्न हुन थालेका छन् ।
१२. तामाङ जातिहरु अन्य जाति भन्दा अलग कसरी देखिन्छन् ?
तामाङ जातिहरुको पनि आफ्नै प्रकारको भेषभूषा, गरगहना, बाजा गाजा, रिति रिवाज संस्कृति धर्म भाषा भएकोले अन्य जनजातिहरु भन्दा केहि अलग देखिन्छन् ।

Transcription:

tāmāṅa jāti—
1. nepālamā tāmāṅa jāti bhaneko ko hun ?
tāmāṅa jāti nepālakā vibhinna ādivāsī janajāti madhye eka pramukha janajāti ho |
2. tāmāṅa jātiko śabdārtha ke ho ?
tāmāṅa śabdale ghoḍā byāpārīko artha pani bujhāudacha | jastai: tā-ghoḍā, māṅa-byāpārī bhanne biśvāsa rahi āeko cha | śabdārthako hisābale herdā yinīharu ghoḍā byāpārī yā ghoḍāko dhani vā kasai kasaile ghoḍa sainika bhaeko anumāna gareko pāincha kasai kasaile tāmāṅaharu lāī murmi pani bhandachan | jasako artha (mura-simānā, mi-mānisa) simānāko bāsindā huncha |
3. tāmāṅa jātiharu kahāṃ kahāṃ basovāsa gardachan ?
tāmāṅaharuko vaḍhi basovāsa bhaekā jillāharumā kramaśaḥ kārbhe palāñcoka, nuvākoṭa, sindhupālcoka, dhādiṅga, kāṭhamāḍauṃ, lalitapura ra rasuvā pardachan bhane yīnīharuko basovāsa bhaeko kṣetraharumā pūrva sunakośī ra likhu kholā nadiko ilākā, dakṣiṇamā mahābhārata parvatasamma paścima buḍhi gaṇḍakī ra trisulī nadiko bicako gaṇeśa himālako dakṣiṇa bhāgamā ra kehi mātrāmā tarāīmā pani vibhinna jillāharumā rahekā pāinchan | yī ṭhāuṃharu vāheka bhāratako dārjaliṅga, sikkima ādi sthānaharumā pani tāmāṅa jātiharu vasovāsa gardachan |
4. tāmāṅa jātiharuko śārīrika ākṛti kasto dekhincha ?
tāmāṅa jātiharuko śārīrika banāvaṭamā kada ali hoco, golo anuhāra, thyāpco nākha, kālo kesa, sāghuro kālo ākhāṃ huncha | yīnīharu purṇa rupamā maṃgoliyana ākṛtikā hunchan |
5. nepālamā tāmāṅa jātiko janasaṃkhyā kati cha ?
san 2011 sālako rāṣṭriya janagaṇanā anusāra tāmāṅaharuko kūla janasaṃkhyā 1,539,830 arthāt saṃmpurṇa janasaṃkhyāko 5.8 pratiśata raheko cha |
6. tāmāṅa jātiharu kuna bhāṣā boldachan ?
tāmāṅa jātiharu āphnai bhāṣā boldachan | tāmāṅa janajātiharu maṃgola mūlakā māninchan | tāmāṅa bhāṣā, cini-tibbatī mahādeśako tibbatī barmelī parivārako madhya himālī bhāṣā ho | anya bhoṭa barmelī bhāṣāko tulanāmā tāmāṅa bhāṣāko sahajāti saṃmbandha guruṅa, manāṅga, thakālī bhāṣā saṃga najika raheko dekhincha |
7. tāmāṅa jātiharu kati tharamā vibhājita chan ?
tāmāṅa jātiharu dherai tharamā vibhājita chan | jasta : gole, gomadena, vāivā, muktāna, syāṅavā, doṅa, yonajana, bamajana ityādī |
8. tāmāṅa jātihale varṣa bharī kuna kuna cāḍa parvaharu manāudachan ?
tāmāṅa jātiharule āphnai prakārako cāḍa parvaharu manāuṃdachan | tāmāṅa jātiharule prāya daśaiṃ tihāra mānne gardainan | yinīharuko mukhya cāḍa lhosāra ho| tāpani tarāī kṣetramā basovāsa garne kehi tāmāṅaharule daśai, tihāra, māghe sakrānti pani manāune gardachan |
9. tāmāṅa jātiharu kuna dharmālamvī hun ?
lāmāṅa jātiharu bauddha dharmālamvī hun | kehi dhāmī jhāṃkī vāṭa pani ullekhanīya rupamā prabhāvita chan |
10. tāmāṅa jātiko saṃskāra saskṛti kasto rahi āeko cha ?
tāmāṅa jātiharuko saskāra saṃskṛtimā ḍamphu nāca, devatā nāca, sarasvatī nāca, gītaharumā tāmāṅa selo, phāvara gīta gāera nācne calana cha | dhārmika jātrāmā havāī gīte, devatā gīta, sarasvatī nāca, ḍamphu nāca, nācinukā sāthai gīta pani gāincha | mardā sāita nabhaemā tina cāra dina samma lāsa lagidaina, mareko māncheko nāmamā "mhānai "haru banāi diera mantra sahitako dhvajā phaharāincha | yastai prakārale yī jātiharuko janma, bhāta khuvāī, chevara, bivāha ityādī āphnai prakārako huncha |
11. tāmāṅa jātiharuko mukhya peśā vā byavasāya ke ho ?
tāmāṅa jātiharuko mukhya peśā kṛṣi ho ra dosro paśupālana nai ho | tara hāla āera yī jātiharu byāpāra, udyoga, ṭrekiṅga, parvatārohaṇa ra naganya rupamā jāgīra tathā rājanaitika kṣetramā pani saṃlagna huna thālekā chan |
12. tāmāṅa jātiharu anya jāti bhandā alaga kasarī dekhinchan ?
tāmāṅa jātiharuko pani āphnai prakārako bheṣabhūṣā, garagahanā, bājā gājā, riti rivāja saṃskṛti dharma bhāṣā bhaekole anya janajātiharu bhandā kehi alaga dekhinchan |

Transcription:

tamana jati—
1. nepalama tamana jati bhaneko ko hun ?
tamana jati nepalaka vibhinna adivasi janajati madhye eka pramukha janajati ho |
2. tamana jatiko sabdartha ke ho ?
tamana sabdale ghoda byapariko artha pani bujhaudacha | jastai: ta-ghoda, mana-byapari bhanne bisvasa rahi aeko cha | sabdarthako hisabale herda yiniharu ghoda byapari ya ghodako dhani va kasai kasaile ghoda sainika bhaeko anumana gareko paincha kasai kasaile tamanaharu lai murmi pani bhandachan | jasako artha (mura-simana, mi-manisa) simanako basinda huncha |
3. tamana jatiharu kaham kaham basovasa gardachan ?
tamanaharuko vadhi basovasa bhaeka jillaharuma kramasah karbhe palancoka, nuvakota, sindhupalcoka, dhadinga, kathamadaum, lalitapura ra rasuva pardachan bhane yiniharuko basovasa bhaeko ksetraharuma purva sunakosi ra likhu khola nadiko ilaka, daksinama mahabharata parvatasamma pascima budhi gandaki ra trisuli nadiko bicako ganesa himalako daksina bhagama ra kehi matrama taraima pani vibhinna jillaharuma raheka painchan | yi thaumharu vaheka bharatako darjalinga, sikkima adi sthanaharuma pani tamana jatiharu vasovasa gardachan |
4. tamana jatiharuko saririka akrti kasto dekhincha ?
tamana jatiharuko saririka banavatama kada ali hoco, golo anuhara, thyapco nakha, kalo kesa, saghuro kalo akham huncha | yiniharu purna rupama mamgoliyana akrtika hunchan |
5. nepalama tamana jatiko janasamkhya kati cha ?
san 2011 salako rastriya janaganana anusara tamanaharuko kula janasamkhya 1,539,830 arthat sammpurna janasamkhyako 5.8 pratisata raheko cha |
6. tamana jatiharu kuna bhasa boldachan ?
tamana jatiharu aphnai bhasa boldachan | tamana janajatiharu mamgola mulaka maninchan | tamana bhasa, cini-tibbati mahadesako tibbati barmeli parivarako madhya himali bhasa ho | anya bhota barmeli bhasako tulanama tamana bhasako sahajati sammbandha guruna, mananga, thakali bhasa samga najika raheko dekhincha |
7. tamana jatiharu kati tharama vibhajita chan ?
tamana jatiharu dherai tharama vibhajita chan | jasta : gole, gomadena, vaiva, muktana, syanava, dona, yonajana, bamajana ityadi |
8. tamana jatihale varsa bhari kuna kuna cada parvaharu manaudachan ?
tamana jatiharule aphnai prakarako cada parvaharu manaumdachan | tamana jatiharule praya dasaim tihara manne gardainan | yiniharuko mukhya cada lhosara ho| tapani tarai ksetrama basovasa garne kehi tamanaharule dasai, tihara, maghe sakranti pani manaune gardachan |
9. tamana jatiharu kuna dharmalamvi hun ?
lamana jatiharu bauddha dharmalamvi hun | kehi dhami jhamki vata pani ullekhaniya rupama prabhavita chan |
10. tamana jatiko samskara saskrti kasto rahi aeko cha ?
tamana jatiharuko saskara samskrtima damphu naca, devata naca, sarasvati naca, gitaharuma tamana selo, phavara gita gaera nacne calana cha | dharmika jatrama havai gite, devata gita, sarasvati naca, damphu naca, nacinuka sathai gita pani gaincha | marda saita nabhaema tina cara dina samma lasa lagidaina, mareko mancheko namama "mhanai "haru banai diera mantra sahitako dhvaja phaharaincha | yastai prakarale yi jatiharuko janma, bhata khuvai, chevara, bivaha ityadi aphnai prakarako huncha |
11. tamana jatiharuko mukhya pesa va byavasaya ke ho ?
tamana jatiharuko mukhya pesa krsi ho ra dosro pasupalana nai ho | tara hala aera yi jatiharu byapara, udyoga, trekinga, parvatarohana ra naganya rupama jagira tatha rajanaitika ksetrama pani samlagna huna thaleka chan |
12. tamana jatiharu anya jati bhanda alaga kasari dekhinchan ?
tamana jatiharuko pani aphnai prakarako bhesabhusa, garagahana, baja gaja, riti rivaja samskrti dharma bhasa bhaekole anya janajatiharu bhanda kehi alaga dekhinchan |x|

Comparative table

Here follows a lexicon table of native and vernacular words and their possible Sanskrit equivalents, based on the image text.

Gallery information:

The Thakali people are an indigenous ethnic group from Nepal whose rise of power can be dated to the mid-19th century. The Thakalis originate from Thak Khola, north-west of Pokhara, western Nepal. Thy are primarily Buddhist practitioners. The Thakali language represents a branch of the Tibet-Barman family, related to languages such as Gurung and Magar.