Merkitys: Vishnu

Buddhalainen käsite 'Vishnu'

Tiibetinbuddhalaisuudessa Vishnu on Shauri, yksi maailman luojista ^[1]. Hänet hylätään tietyillä perusteluilla.

Hindu käsite 'Vishnu'

Vishnu is a central figure in Hinduism, embodying various roles and attributes across different schools of thought and scriptures. In Hinduism, Vishnu is seen as a deity to whom offerings are made, symbolizing the ultimate destination of oblations ^[2]. In Madhva's philosophy, Vishnu is the Supreme Lord, independent, free from imperfections, and endowed with inexhaustible excellences ^[3]. Vastushastra associates Vishnu with the Sasbahu temple, highlighting his importance in architecture ^[4]. Shilpashastra describes Vishnu seated on Garuda, adorned with specific gems and garlands, according to various texts .

In Vaishnavism, Vishnu is a major deity known as the preserver and protector of the cosmic order ^[5]. Remembrance of Vishnu is central to the Padma Purana's teachings ^[6]. The deity is worshipped as the Supreme Lord, and kings are devoted to worshipping Him ^[7]. Vishnu is present in various forms in the heavens ^[8] and is the presiding deity associated with yogis' journey to Vaikuntha ^[9]. The pure service to Vishnu is appreciated by the Supreme Lord ^[10], and Vishnu is identified as the Supreme Brahman who grants victory to the demigods ^[11]. Devotional service to Vishnu is paramount, while other activities are considered condemnable ^[12]. He is the object of veneration ^[13], the controller of maya ^[14], and his playful actions resemble children's games ^[15]. Shri Acyutananda was advanced in devotional service to Vishnu ^[16], and He is the object of devotion and service ^[17]. Offerings and worship are directed towards Vishnu ^[18], and his incarnations are not accepted by atheists ^[19]. Food is offered to Vishnu ^[20], and the Yavanas took shelter at His lotus feet ^[21]. He is the deity worshipped by devotees ^[22] and the ultimate divine being to whom devotion is advocated ^[23]. Vishnu is the preserver of the universe, manifesting in various incarnations ^[24]. Some falsely claim to represent a form of the Supreme Lord ^[25], and He is revered for protecting creation ^[26]. Rice is offered to Vishnu ^[27], representing the aspect of the Supreme God responsible for the universe's maintenance ^[28]. He is a supreme being within the viewpoint of tridasha ^[29], and devotees seek mercy from Him ^[30]. Vishnu is the focus of devotional service in Shrimad Bhagavatam ^[31], associated with protection and upholding dharma ^[32]. He becomes the husband of Sarasvati ^[33] and is often worshipped as the preserver and protector of the universe ^[34]. He is notable for his role in preservation ^[35], embodying preservation and destroying miscreants ^[36]. Vishnu's illusory energy plays a key role in understanding spiritual truths ^[37]. He is associated with preservation and protection ^{[38] [39]}, and worship is underscored as important, but does not lead to salvation for those who disrespect devotees ^[40]. He is the object of Madhavendra Puri’s service ^[41] and is known as the preserver and protector in the divine trinity ^[42]. Sri Gaursundar embodies Vishnu ^[43], and He manifests Himself to communicate the Truth ^[44]. Vishnu is the Supreme Godhead in various forms ^[45] and possesses the power to delude and reveal divine truths ^[46]. The Lord worships Vishnu during domestic rituals ^[47], and Thakur Haridas served Vishnu through devotion ^[48]. Vishnu is the preserver, and the guru preserves knowledge ^[49]. He is a significant form of the supreme deity ^[50] and attends to the function of sustentation within the Trinity ^[51]. He descends upon the earth in four shapes to help the world ^[52].

In the Puranas, Vishnu, along with Arjuna, will lighten the burden of the earth ^[53]. Vishnu presented himself before Utanka after being gratified with his penances ^[54] and covered the northern region with three steps in the sacrifice of Vali ^[55]. He was born of Devaki through Vasudeva for the benefit of the three worlds ^[56]. His name is given because of his all-pervading nature ^[57] and is referred to metaphorically to invoke fear in enemies ^[58]. Vishnu undergoes incarnations to restore dharma and defeat evil ^[59], and is a formless entity transcending attributes ^[60]. Men use the name to describe Lord Hari ^[61], and Vishnu is the son of the Devi ^[62]. Marici is a devotee of Vishnu ^[63], and He is the form of the Devi, known as the Subtle Body ^[64]. Vishnu advised the Devas on seeking help from the Devi ^[65], and his feet created a cavity in the Brahmanda Kataha ^[66]. Dhruva observed his lotus-feet ^[67], and Vishnu is the Preserver of the universe ^[68]. He is the Preserver in the trinity ^[69] and the deity the Devas turn to for assistance ^[70]. Vishnu represents preservation in the cosmic order ^[71] and is meditated upon by Yogis ^[72]. He is omniscient, engaged in a dispute with Brahma ^[73], and provides guidance to the Devas ^[74]. Vishnu is a leader amongst the Devas ^[75], prompting Indra to kill Vritrasura ^[76]. He is associated with the second line in the Tripundra ^[77] and protects Indra during battle ^[78]. He created a lake that alleviates sins ^[79] and is the imperishable soul of all things ^[80]. The Pracetasas worshiped Vishnu ^[81], and whoever worships him attains their desires ^[82]. He is a divine figure representing the supreme Brahma ^[83], the supreme spirit ^[84], and his incarnations, including Kalki, are vital for restoring cosmic order ^[85]. Vishnu preserves, creates, and destroys the universe ^[86] and is the deity to whom the Bhagavata is dedicated ^[87]. He is revered as the preserver and protector of the universe ^{[88] [89]} and is the lord of the gods ^[90]. Vishnu represents maintenance ^[91] and will cause Arjuna to slay enemies ^[92]. He embodies mercy and goodness ^[93] and is the Soul of the Universe ^[94]. Vishnu took on different forms to intervene in conflicts ^[95], and his image is sacred ^[96]. He is associated with the destination of those who practice certain vows ^[97], and meditating on Vishnu relieves trouble ^[98]. He is the great Ishvara ^[99], symbolizing virtues, wealth, and spiritual emancipation ^[100]. Vishnu sustains creation and protects devotees ^[101] and is associated with Shalagrama stone ^[102]. He is considered the protector and preserver of the universe ^[103] . Vishnu granted King Brihadashva a boon and is worshipped through rituals and songs . The river Ganga rises from his lotus-like feet ^[104]. Vishnu accompanied Garuda to console the birds ^[105] and protected Brahma by defeating Rakshasas ^[106]. He bestows pleasures and salvation at Kapila Sangama ^[107] and is linked with stability and sustenance . Worship practices aim for connection with his region , and he experiences fear in the presence of Lord Shiva . He assumes various forms to initiate creation and is invoked during rituals . Vishnu is the chief leader of the Adityas and is equated with ultimate reality . He expresses gratitude towards goddess Lalita and is depicted as the highest god in the Padma Purana . Vishnu is revered within the divine hierarchy and in the context of the Ekadashi-vow . He is identified with protecting the universe and is identical to Shiva . His worship is central to obtaining salvation , and he plays a central role in many Puranas . Devotion to Vishnu is linked to salvation and is associated with merits, salvation, and worship . He is the preserver and protector of the universe and meditation is directed towards him to achieve knowledge and salvation . He is responsible for maintaining the world and is associated with wealth, prosperity, and devotion . Vishnu granted power to Parashu-Rama and is the lord of the world . He is the creator, the soul of all worlds, and the great god ^[108]. Devotees aspire to be united with him through worship of Lord Venkateshvara . He protects the worlds through righteousness and is associated with Yoga Priti . Vishnu is depicted as serving at Gandhamadana and interacts with the world in various forms . He is the husband of Lakshmi and is invoked in conjunction with divine activities and rituals . He awakens after being influenced by darkness and becomes furious during conflict . The sage meditated upon Vishnu , and his qualities are celebrated through devotion . He intervened in the conflict between Bilva and Kapila and is worshipped alongside Krishna . Merits depend on him , and he became incarnate as a dwarf to reclaim authority . Vishnu appeared before Galava during his penance and is renowned as the sustainer and protector . He is the chief of the gods and is mentioned frequently in the context of charitable acts . Ramanuja devotedly meditated upon Vishnu and is often associated with preservation and protection . He is associated with maintaining dharma and cosmic order and killed a demon named Shankha . His presence is central to rites and pilgrimages and represents the aspect of God responsible for protection . Vishnu represents preservation and balance and is known as the protector and preserver of the universe . He embodies compassion and grace and represents purity and sustenance . Vishnu is the preserver part of the trinity and is depicted in various forms including Krishna and Rama . He sustains the universe and embodies mercy and resumed the form of Rama after reigning ^[109]. Vishnu receives his name after falling into a deep slumber on the water ^[110] and struck Ravana with his discus ^[111]. Rama and Lakshmana are likened to Vasava with Vishnu ^[112], and Vishnu is believed to be the true form of Raghava ^[113]. Vishnu is referred to as the fourth part entering heaven ^[114], and the monkeys set out to that region traversed by him ^[115]. Sita is compared to Vishnu ^[116], and Rama is identified with Vishnu ^[117]. He is the Chief of the Gods chosen by Vedavati ^[118], and his heroism is compared to Kakutstha ^[119]. Vishnu is described as a mountain ^[120] and is the creator, preserver, and destroyer ^[121]. Muni Narada wishes to obtain favor and habitation with him ^[122] and is associated with creation, preservation, and salvation . He is associated with the letters hum and kshaum and is known for his powers and compassion . Vishnu is the personal God of love and grace and assumes the form of a boar to defeat Hiranyaksha . He maintains order and righteousness and is an incarnation of Narayana associated with Sattva . Vishnu is mentioned alongside Brahma and Rudra and grants wisdom, satisfaction, and an abode to devotees . He is associated with preservation and goodness and is recognized by Prahlada as the heart of all creation . Vishnu slew Narak ^[123], and Rama was born from his vigour ^[124]. Shunahshepha is tied to Vishnu's post ^[125], and Vishnu gave Shunahshepha long life ^[126]. Vishnu's bow was planned by the Heavenly Artist ^[127], and the Gods' actions were a result of his decision ^[128]. Vishnu provided a promise to the Gods and divided his being into four parts ^[129]. Vishnu’s discus represents a weapon of unerring flight ^[130], and he slew Kavya\u2019s mother ^[131].

In Natyashastra, Vishnu is the preserver and protector of the universe ^[132] and aids Mahesha in destroying Tripuras . Krishna is considered an incarnation of Vishnu , and his boar incarnation is compared to the king .

In Kavya, Vishnu is the granter of desires and protector of devotees ^[133] and oversees the cosmic order ^[134]. A lotus arises from Vishnu ^[135].

In Yoga, Vishnu is the name of an incomparable and delightful abode ^[136] and is the embodiment of preserving energies ^[137].

In Ayurveda, intervention from Vishnu is sought for salvation and protection , and he is used as an adjective to describe Atman ^[138].

In Vyakarana, Vishnu has 39 synonyms .

In Vedanta, Vishnu is the preserver and protector ^[139] and is the Supreme Goal and highest among the Devas ^[140]. He is considered the ultimate reality ^[141] and the preserver within the divine trinity ^[142]. Vishnu is identified with the divine presence in various forms ^[143] and is associated with the state of rest ^[144]. He enters the wise, expanding their consciousness ^[145] and is the embodiment of inner perception ^[146]. Vishnu is the soul of all ^[147] and symbolizes the ultimate destination ^[148]. He is the cause of origination, subsistence, and destruction ^[149] and is considered the highest abode ^[150]. Vishnu is synonymous with the Supreme Person ^[151] and is the independent entity identified by Madhvacarya . He is a deity of protection and Parabrahman is the only goal for him ^[152]. Shiva has a heart that is Vishnu ^[153], and the sun's lustre destroys darkness ^[154]. He is connected to the feet and the things walked upon ^[155] and embodies the principle of maintenance ^{[156] [157]}. Vishnu refers to the all-pervasive aspect of Brahman ^[158].

In Shaktism, Vishnu resides in the middle of the flower .

In Shaivism, Vishnu is the Sustainer within the trinity and is represented by the letter U in Aumkara . He maintains order and harmony and resides in the hole of the Rudraksha beads . Vishnu is the preserver and protector of the universe .

In Dharmashastra, Vishnu is associated with the lunar mansion Shravana ^[159] and is invoked during rituals ^[160]. Vishnu's text indicates that defiled vessels must be thrown away ^[161]. Images of Vishnu are found in temples ^[162], and he provides comparative notes ^{[163] [164]}. Vishnu defines stridhana ^[165] and is referenced alongside Manu in discussions about ethical behavior ^{[166] [167] [168] [169]}. He is mentioned as one of the gods whose images are found in temples ^[170] and is a major deity in Hinduism, often associated with preservation and protection, referenced in expiation contexts ^[171]. Vishnu is referenced in the context of prohibitive instructions for standing at road crossings ^[172] and his texts contribute to the understanding of social roles ^[173]. His texts include references to familial and marital laws ^[174] and is a reference to the deity whose texts contribute to the understanding of social roles and classifications similar to those in Manu's teachings ^[175]. Vishnu is associated with rules related to the tonsure, girdle, staff, and alms-begging in initiation rituals ^[176] and is mentioned in the context of instructing about emotional detachment from alms ^[177]. Texts named after him demonstrate religious and ritual significance in relation to purity and offences ^[178] and is a deity referenced in the context of laws and penances concerning theft ^[179]. Vishnu's teachings are often paralleled with those of Manu ^[180] and is a reference to a traditional authority that speaks against approaches during a woman's period of impurity ^[181]. He is a reference to an ancient lawgiver whose texts stipulate the division of treasure found by the king ^[182] and is a reference to an ancient lawgiver whose texts stipulate the division of treasure found by the king ^[183]. Vishnu is a deity invoked during rituals, often associated with preservation and stability ^[184] and is referred to in the context of providing protection to the sacrificer ^[185]. He is also referenced in the context of offerings, signifying the spiritual essence of clarified butter ^{[186] [187] [188]}.

In Pancaratra, the Alvars were devoted to Vishnu ^[189], and he represents preservation and the maintenance of order ^{[190] [191]}.

In Kavyashastra, Vishnu removes devotees’ unhappiness and creates delight .

In Vedic Hinduism, verses addressed to Vishnu are used when making offerings ^[192] and is a deity whose steps are taken, accompanied by specific formulas ^[193]. His heroic deeds are proclaimed ^[194], and Vishnu is addressed in a formula when the Pratiprasthatri covers the Aditya vessel ^[195]. Vishnu is mentioned in a verse as part of an oblation ^[196] and is invoked in the formula that follows the shamyuvaka ^[197].

Jainisti käsite 'Vishnu'

Jainismissa Marici julisti olevansa ensimmäinen Vishnu, mikä korostaa hänen pyrkimyksiään tietyssä uskomusjärjestelmässä ^[198]. Vishnua pidetään jumalallisena hahmona, joka liittyy Sumitran pojalle, mikä korostaa syntymän hengellistä merkitystä ^[199].

Kuningas tulkitsi unet niin, että kuningattaren pojasta tulisi Vishnu, suuri jumalallinen hahmo ^[200]. Eräs hahmo mainittiin Aran seurakunnassa, mikä edustaa merkittävää näkökohtaa kertomuksessa ^[201].

Vishnu, kuninkaan vaimo, oli säteilevä kauneudesta ja vakaudesta, kuten maa ^[202]. Vishnu on jumaluus, jonka kanssa Krishna samaistetaan ^[203]. Kuultuaan jotain, Vishnu kaatui maahan, mutta virkosi vedellä pirskotettuna ja ilmaisi huolensa isänsä hyvinvoinnista ^[204]. Vishnu on tärkeä hahmo, johon liittyy jumalallisia piirteitä ^[205].

Vishnu käsite paikallisissa ja alueellisissa lähteissä

Vishnu on yksi hindulaisuuden pääjumalista, joka liittyy säilyttämiseen ja suojeluun ^[206]. Hänet tunnetaan myös Narayana-nimellä ja häntä pidetään maailmankaikkeuden säilyttäjänä ^[207]. Hänen palvontansa oli tärkeää erityisesti kuningas Bhojadevan aikana . Vishnu on Kamalan aviomies, alkujumala, joka antoi valon auringolle ja kuulle ja on ylempi kaikista jumalista ^[208]. Häntä pidetään jumalien joukossa korkeimpana ^[209]. Eräs henkilö jätti Vishnun palvonnan väliin, mikä rinnastettiin paholaisten suosion hankkimiseen ^[210].

Vishnua palvotaan Chandin Loro Jongrang -temppelissä, ja hänet on kuvattu sen taiteellisissa kertomuksissa ^[211]. Hänet on myös yhdistetty mytologisesti Durgaan, kuten Mahishasuramardinissa, jossa hänet nähdään yhdessä Anantasaivishnun kanssa ^[212]. Vishnu on kosmisessa unessa lepäävä Herra, joka luo maailman Brahman kautta ja tunnetaan myös Ranganathana ^[213].

Vishnu on Sri Hari, ja tekstit kuvaavat hänen halunsa syntyä maan päälle ja hänen suhteensa Sitaan ^[214]. Hänet on myös kuvattu Jalandhariksi naamioituneena, mikä liittyy Vrindan ja Tulsin muutoksiin ^[215]. Eräs kaiutin on osoittanut olevansa tämän olennon palvelija, vaikka on toiminut vastoin tätä väitettä ^[216]. Tämä on jumala, joka on monoteistisen kommentaarin keskiössä, ja kaikki sanat, kuten Indra, Agni, Vayu ja Varuna, tulkitaan tarkoittamaan tätä hahmoa ^[217]. Krishna on Vishnu, ja ihmisen voi luottaa hänen armoonsa ^[218]. Banan kerrotaan olevan Vishnun palvoja, mutta ei Krishnan, ja Narada toteaa, että Krishna on Vishnu ihmishahmossa ^[219].

Vishnun palvelija astui autioon taloon testatakseen Kabirin antaumuksen ja maailmankaikkeuden läpäisijän totuutta ^[220]. Brahmanit pitävät Eknathia suorana Vishnun avatarina esi-isien juhlan aikana todistamiensa tapahtumien perusteella ^[221]. Joga on tämän jumalan bhakta eli hartaan palvoja, ja hän on Jogan palvonnan ja antaumuksen kohde ^[222]. Vishnu, joka tunnetaan myös nimellä Yadnya Purusha, on uhrauksen Herra ^[223]. Hän antaa ohjeita avatareille ^[224]. Elämä on mielissään niistä, jotka kuuntelevat tarkkaavaisesti bhaktojen pyhittäviä tarinoita ^[225].

Hän on yksi Jumalan nimistä ja jumala, jota palvotaan tietyssä lahkossa, eikä hän eroa Shivasta ^[226]. Erään näkemyksen mukaan Brahman tarkoittaa Vishnua, ei Shivaa, koska pelastusta ei ole muuten kuin Vishnun kautta ^[227]. Eräs teksti viittaa Vishnun aikaan, ja se liittyy nimeshaan ^[228]. Eräs intialainen jumaluus, jota papukaijat käyttivät ilmaistakseen toiveensa kostosta Variselle sen aiheuttamasta vaarasta ^[229]. Intiassa hänet nähdään elämää ylläpitävänä kokonaisuutena .