Merkitys: Citta

Buddhalainen käsite 'Citta'

In Buddhism, "citta" refers to the mind or consciousness. In Theravada Buddhism, it is translated as 'mind' or 'thought', representing the aspect of consciousness that perceives and experiences ^[1]. It connotes the whole consciousness, distinguishing it from psychic factors ^[2]. Derived from 'citi', it signifies the awareness of an object and is synonymous with other Abhidhamma terms ^[3]. It is consciousness that encompasses mental states and processes ^[4]. It is a nature that is aware of its object and can know everything possible, including other cittas ^[5].

Citta is a nama dhamma, playing a central role in the functioning of the mind ^[6]. It arises based on various dhammas and can be conditioned by different arammanas ^[7]. Citta refers to consciousness or mind moments, which can produce different kinds of rupa (forms) based on the type of awareness occurring ^[8]. These different kinds of citta can be classified as akusala, kusala, vipaka or kiriya ^[9]. Citta is consciousness or the mental aspect that knows or experiences an object, such as seeing or hearing ^[10].

Consciousness or mental activity arises and falls away, which is fundamental to experience ^[11]. These are categorized into those which are accompanied by viriya, and those that are not ^[12]. A state of mind with regret is not free ^[13]. Citta is the leader, cognizing visible objects and the cetasikas ^[14]. It varies with different states and conditions, influencing one’s actions and reactions ^[15]. The mind can arise as wholesome (kusala) or unwholesome (akusala) based on conditions ^[16].

The mind can be influenced by mindfulness and right effort ^[17]. Citta is fundamental in cognitive processes and can be accompanied by various cetasikas ^[18]. Citta refers to the mind or thought processes that arise momentarily and are transient ^[19]. Consciousness experiences various objects and is accompanied by nuanced feelings based on its nature ^[20]. It is the primary mental phenomenon that arises in association with various cetasikas and experiences objects ^[21]. Citta arises and falls away moment by moment ^[22]. The mind takes on sense-objects and is accompanied by cetasikas ^[23].

Brahmas understand the mind to be the source of greed and suffering ^[24]. The heart or mind, despite bringing great benefits, is often neglected in favor of destructive influences ^[25]. Citta begins the training, but it can also get worse when it comes into contact with all sorts of things ^[26]. Its state is dynamic, venturesome, quick, and sensitive, and it is the focus of the practice of citta bhavana ^[27]. The mind is the meeting place of all affairs, and the focus of training and discipline ^[28]. It is a central element in the practice of meditation and the exploration of Dhamma ^[29].

Kammatthana Bhikkhus train the mind until it has dropped into a state of calm ^[30]. Guarding the citta promotes mindfulness and makes it competent in the work of samadhi bhavana ^[31]. Venerable Acharn Brom gained freedom and ruled over the khandhas with a pure heart ^[32]. The mind can be fearful, courageous, and undergo transformation through practice and discipline ^[33]. It refers to the essence of consciousness that can wander and become distracted ^[34]. It is central to the experiences of thoughts and emotions in meditation ^[35].

The heart or mind is a central focus in meditation and a practitioner's journey toward understanding and overcoming suffering ^[36]. It is central to understanding one’s spiritual state and progress ^[37]. The heart or mind reflects one’s true nature or state of being ^[38]. When it aligns with Dhamma, it is filled with virtues like metta ^[39]. It undergoes processes of thought and perception, central to understanding one's emotions and actions ^[40]. It is crucial for meditation and understanding in the context of Dhamma practice ^[41]. The heart or mind must be cultivated and trained in the practice of mindfulness and meditation to progress towards liberation ^[42].

The heart or mind is the essence of one’s consciousness and emotional state ^[43]. It is a Pali term commonly translated as mind or consciousness, referring to the fluctuating emotional state within a person ^[44]. It is one of the aspects undergoing purification in the Buddhist path ^[45].

In Mahayana Buddhism, "citta" refers to the mind, where beauty and ugliness are found, indicating that perception is subjective and influenced by mental states ^[46]. The mind is considered a temporary and conditioned phenomenon that influences experiences ^[47]. It experiences feelings and is subject to impermanence ^[48]. The mind perceives reality and is crucial in understanding the nature of existence ^[49]. It experiences and interacts with phenomena, central to understanding perception ^[50].

Hindu käsite 'Citta'

In Hinduism, "Citta" is a multifaceted concept relating to mind and consciousness. In Vaishnavism, it signifies consciousness, the mind's awareness and purifying process, and should always remain fixed in eternal service ^[51].

In Purana, it is the mind influenced by the three Gunas, inclusive of buddhi (intellect) and Ahamkara (ego) ^[52]. It is the mind or consciousness that can be influenced by states like sleep and dreams ^[53]. The mind is attributed to the Sat-God from the intellection of his intellectual part ^[54]. It is the aspect of the mind involved in thought processes and memory, significant in understanding mental phenomena ^[55]. Chitta refers to the mind's storehouse of memories and experiences, shaping one's perceptions and understanding of reality ^[56]. It is the mental substance that contains thoughts, impressions, and perceptions ^[57]. The principle related to the mind characterized by memory, consciousness, and awareness which plays a vital role in personal identity and experience . Citta, also referred to as the mind or buddhi, experiences various modifications based on cumulative knowledge and experiences .

In Yoga, the mind or consciousness houses samskaras, impressions from past experiences . It is the mind-stuff encompassing thoughts, emotions, and consciousness, central to the practice of yoga . It undergoes modifications, which must be controlled to achieve concentration . The higher mind becomes pure and reflects both drashta (the seer) and drishya (the object of concentration) when liberated from impurities . It is the medium of perception at all levels of consciousness, not just limited to intellectual understanding . The mind is a part of prakriti that encompasses the three gunas . Realizing that the mind is the discriminator, one absorbs it into its witness ^[58]. The conscious mind roams in spiritual practice and is united with higher states of being in Khecara ^[59]. Steadiness during meditation is required for a successful practice ^[60].

In Ayurveda, it is one of the three terms used to denote mind, along with Manas and Satva ^[61]. It is considered a synonym of Manas, responsible for maintaining the continuity of an action ^[62]. Chitta means to perceive, fix the mind upon, to observe, to aim at, to intend, to understand, to know, and it is also the concept of Psyche ^[63]. Located between the eyebrows, stimulation of this area and the pituitary gland brings changes in the psycho-somatic level ^[64]. The mind's location is between both eyebrows ^[65].

In Vedanta, it is also known as memory, one of the four aspects of the inner organ ^[66]. It takes the form of objects and is involved in the cognitive processes of realization ^[67]. It is the term for thought, one of the alternative names for the internal organ ^[68]. It is responsible for seeking pleasurable objects, driven by the pursuit of enjoyable experiences ^[69]. It is the inner faculty that enables reflection and contemplation . It is the root of this mundane existence, and should be cleansed by repeated effort ^[70]. It requires cleansing for spiritual progress ^[71]. It represents the mind in yoga practices and meditation ^[72]. It encompasses thoughts, feelings, and perceptions ^[73]. It is the source of bondage that needs to be cleansed ^[74]. It includes memory and mental fluctuations ^[75]. It must be united with Paramatman ^[76]. It processes thoughts and experiences, which can be transcended in the path to liberation ^[77]. It has the characteristics of agency and enjoyment ^[78]. It relates to viveka-jnana ^[79].

In Shaktism, it is mind or consciousness in the context of spiritual practice ^[80]. In Shaivism, it aids in awareness and contemplation within different states . It is the deeper consciousness resulting from the functioning of the mind and senses . In Pancaratra, it refers to the men's minds, which have long been infused with the association of worldly life ^[81]. In Vaisheshika, it is another name for Mahat, referring to the inner organ that is synonymous with buddhi ^[82].

Jainisti käsite 'Citta'

Jainismissa Citta viittaa psyykeen tai mieleen, jolla on keskeinen rooli uskonnollisissa asioissa . Se on tietoisuus tai mieli, jota käsitellään dhyanayogan ja meditaation yhteydessä .

Harjoittajan psyyke tai mieli on olennainen puhtaiden joogasiementen keräämisessä . Citta on suuri vidya, mahdollisesti liittyen mieleen tai tietoisuuteen, jonka Dashasya kukisti ^[83].

Citta käsite paikallisissa ja alueellisissa lähteissä

Intian historiassa Citta on mielensisältö, joka on keskeinen joogaharjoituksessa, koska se on sekoitus tuntemuksia, tunteita, toimintaa ja reaktiota ^[84]. Citta on myös Buddhin, Ahamkaran ja Manasin kokonaisuus, joka toimii lähtökohtana itsensä toteuttamisen harjoittamiselle ^[85].

Teksti kuvaa Cittaa jatkuvasti liikkuvana ja muuttuvana eri muotoihin, mikä johtaa harhaan yksilöllisistä muodoista ja on olennainen osa harhakäsityksen käsitettä ^[86]. Argumentaatiot ja järjen etsinnät häiritsevät mieltä luoden häiriötä, mikä on haitta, ja argumentit vain häiritsevät mieltä ^[87]. Citta saa Samadhi-nimisen muunnoksen ottaessaan vastaan kaikenlaisia esineitä ja keskittyessään yhteen esineeseen ^[88].

Citta on mielensisältö, osa Mahatia ja yleisnimi itse mielelle, mukaan lukien kaikki sen eri tilat, joka reagoi ulkoisiin esineisiin ^[89]. Mielensisältö, jonka aalto synnyttää samanlaisia aaltoja ^[90].

Citta käsite tieteellisissä lähteissä

In health sciences, "Citta" in Ayurveda refers to mind or consciousness, crucial for emotional and mental balance .

It comprehensively designates the mind with various mental faculties, and its state impacts emotional responses and mental health .