Xian jie, Xián jié, Xiàn jié, Xiān jiè, Xián jiē, Xiǎn jiè, Xiàn jiè: 16 definitions

Introduction:

Xian jie means something in Buddhism, Pali. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

In Buddhism

Chinese Buddhism

賢劫 [xian jie]—Bhadrakalpa, the present period; the last was 莊嚴劫 [zhuang yan jie] the next is to be 星宿劫 [xing su jie] A Bhadrakalpa has 1,000 Buddhas, hence its name 'the good kalpa', also called 善劫 [shan jie]. There are varied statements in regard to the thousand Buddhas, and variety as to their names. Śākyamuni is the fourth of the present kalpa, Maitreya is to follow and 995 to succeed him.' It is to last 236 million years, but over 151 millions have already elapsed.' Eitel. Cf. 賢劫經 [xian jie jing]; 現在賢劫千佛經 [xian zai xian jie qian fu jing] and 颰跋 [ba ba] bhadra.

Source: archive.org: A Dictionary Of Chinese Buddhist Terms

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

咸傑 [xian jie]—Xianjie – [Personal Name] Xianjie was the Mian Chan Master (密庵禪師 [mi an chan shi]) from Tiantong (天童 [tian tong]) in Mingzhou (明州 [ming zhou]) during the Song (宋 [song]) Dynasty. He received the Dharma (得法 [de fa]) from Chan Master Ying'an Hua (應庵華禪師 [ying an hua chan shi]). By imperial decree (奉勅 [feng chi]), he was appointed to reside at Lingyin Temple (靈隱寺 [ling yin si]) on Jing Mountain (徑山 [jing shan]). In his later years, he resided at Tiantong and passed away. See Wudeng Huiyuan (五燈會元 [wu deng hui yuan]) and Jigulue (稽古略 [ji gu lue]) Chapter 4.

咸傑—【人名】宋明州天童之密庵禪師,名咸傑。就應庵華禪師得法,奉勅住徑山靈隱寺,晚居天童而寂。見五燈會元,稽古略四。

[rén míng] sòng míng zhōu tiān tóng zhī mì ān chán shī, míng xián jié. jiù yīng ān huá chán shī dé fǎ, fèng chì zhù jìng shān líng yǐn sì, wǎn jū tiān tóng ér jì. jiàn wǔ dēng huì yuán, jī gǔ lüè sì.

[ren ming] song ming zhou tian tong zhi mi an chan shi, ming xian jie. jiu ying an hua chan shi de fa, feng chi zhu jing shan ling yin si, wan ju tian tong er ji. jian wu deng hui yuan, ji gu lue si.

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

賢劫 [xian jie]—Bhadrakalpa—[Terminology] The past dwelling kalpa (住劫 [zhu jie]) is called the Adornment Kalpa (莊嚴劫 [zhuang yan jie]); the future dwelling kalpa is called the Constellation Kalpa (星宿劫 [xing su jie]); the present dwelling kalpa is called the Bhadrakalpa. During the twenty kalpas of increase and decrease within the present dwelling kalpa, a thousand Buddhas (千佛 [qian fu]) will appear in the world, hence it is praised as the Bhadrakalpa. It is also called the Good Kalpa (善劫 [shan jie]). The Mahākaruṇā Sūtra (大悲經 [da bei jing]), Volume 3, states: "Ananda (阿難 [a nan])! Why is it called the Bhadrakalpa? Ananda! When this three-thousand great-thousand world system (三千大千世界 [san qian da qian shi jie]) is about to form after a kalpa of destruction, it becomes entirely water. At that time, the Pure Abode Devas (淨居天 [jing ju tian]), observing with their divine eye, saw this world as a vast expanse of water. They saw a thousand branches of wonderful lotus flowers, each lotus having a thousand petals, shining with golden light and radiating a great brightness, fragrant and delightful. Seeing this, those Pure Abode Devas rejoiced immensely, leaping with boundless joy, and praised it saying: 'Wondrous! Wondrous! Rare! Rare! In this kalpa, a thousand Buddhas will appear in the world.' Because of this reason, this kalpa was named Bhadra." The Karuṇāpuṇḍarīka Sūtra (悲華經 [bei hua jing]), Volume 5, states: "This Buddha-world (佛世界 [fu shi jie]) shall be named Saha (娑婆 [suo po])... (omitted)... At that time, there will be a great kalpa named Good Bhadra (善賢 [shan xian]). For what reason is the kalpa named Good Bhadra? In this great kalpa, a thousand World-Honored Ones (世尊 [shi zun]) will appear in the world, having perfected great compassion." The Xíngzōng Jì (行宗記 [xing zong ji]), Volume 4, Part 2, states: "The Kalpa Chapter (劫章 [jie zhang]) of Cí'ēn (慈恩 [ci en]) says: This dwelling kalpa is called the Bhadrakalpa because, after this world system forms, a thousand Buddhas will appear. Since there will be many sages and saints (賢聖 [xian sheng]), it is named the Bhadrakalpa." Sanskrit: Bhadrakalpa.

賢劫—【術語】過去之住劫,名為莊嚴劫,未來之住劫,名為星宿劫,現在之住劫,名為賢劫,現在之住劫二十增減中,有千佛出世,故稱讚之為賢劫。亦名善劫。大悲經三曰:「阿難!何故名為賢劫?阿難!此三千大千世界,劫欲成時,盡為一水。時淨居天,以天眼觀見此世界唯一大水,見有千枝諸妙蓮華,一一蓮華各有千葉,金色金光大明普照,香氣芬熏,甚可愛樂。彼淨居天因見此已,心生歡喜,踴躍無量,而讚歎言:奇哉奇哉!希有希有!如此劫中當有千佛出興於世,以是因緣,遂名此劫號之為賢。」悲華經五曰:「此佛世界當名娑婆,(中略)時有大劫名曰善賢,何因緣故劫名善賢?是大劫中有千世尊,成就大悲出現於世。」行宗記四下曰:「慈恩劫章云:即此住劫稱賢劫,此界成後有千佛出世,既多賢聖,故名賢劫。」梵 Bhadrakalpa。

[shù yǔ] guò qù zhī zhù jié, míng wèi zhuāng yán jié, wèi lái zhī zhù jié, míng wèi xīng sù jié, xiàn zài zhī zhù jié, míng wèi xián jié, xiàn zài zhī zhù jié èr shí zēng jiǎn zhōng, yǒu qiān fú chū shì, gù chēng zàn zhī wèi xián jié. yì míng shàn jié. dà bēi jīng sān yuē: “ā nán! hé gù míng wèi xián jié? ā nán! cǐ sān qiān dà qiān shì jiè, jié yù chéng shí, jǐn wèi yī shuǐ. shí jìng jū tiān, yǐ tiān yǎn guān jiàn cǐ shì jiè wéi yī dà shuǐ, jiàn yǒu qiān zhī zhū miào lián huá, yī yī lián huá gè yǒu qiān yè, jīn sè jīn guāng dà míng pǔ zhào, xiāng qì fēn xūn, shén kě ài lè. bǐ jìng jū tiān yīn jiàn cǐ yǐ, xīn shēng huān xǐ, yǒng yuè wú liàng, ér zàn tàn yán: qí zāi qí zāi! xī yǒu xī yǒu! rú cǐ jié zhōng dāng yǒu qiān fú chū xìng yú shì, yǐ shì yīn yuán, suì míng cǐ jié hào zhī wèi xián.” bēi huá jīng wǔ yuē: “cǐ fú shì jiè dāng míng suō pó, (zhōng lüè) shí yǒu dà jié míng yuē shàn xián, hé yīn yuán gù jié míng shàn xián? shì dà jié zhōng yǒu qiān shì zūn, chéng jiù dà bēi chū xiàn yú shì.” xíng zōng jì sì xià yuē: “cí ēn jié zhāng yún: jí cǐ zhù jié chēng xián jié, cǐ jiè chéng hòu yǒu qiān fú chū shì, jì duō xián shèng, gù míng xián jié.” fàn Bhadrakalpa.

[shu yu] guo qu zhi zhu jie, ming wei zhuang yan jie, wei lai zhi zhu jie, ming wei xing su jie, xian zai zhi zhu jie, ming wei xian jie, xian zai zhi zhu jie er shi zeng jian zhong, you qian fu chu shi, gu cheng zan zhi wei xian jie. yi ming shan jie. da bei jing san yue: "a nan! he gu ming wei xian jie? a nan! ci san qian da qian shi jie, jie yu cheng shi, jin wei yi shui. shi jing ju tian, yi tian yan guan jian ci shi jie wei yi da shui, jian you qian zhi zhu miao lian hua, yi yi lian hua ge you qian ye, jin se jin guang da ming pu zhao, xiang qi fen xun, shen ke ai le. bi jing ju tian yin jian ci yi, xin sheng huan xi, yong yue wu liang, er zan tan yan: qi zai qi zai! xi you xi you! ru ci jie zhong dang you qian fu chu xing yu shi, yi shi yin yuan, sui ming ci jie hao zhi wei xian." bei hua jing wu yue: "ci fu shi jie dang ming suo po, (zhong lue) shi you da jie ming yue shan xian, he yin yuan gu jie ming shan xian? shi da jie zhong you qian shi zun, cheng jiu da bei chu xian yu shi." xing zong ji si xia yue: "ci en jie zhang yun: ji ci zhu jie cheng xian jie, ci jie cheng hou you qian fu chu shi, ji duo xian sheng, gu ming xian jie." fan Bhadrakalpa.

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

現劫 [xian jie]—Present Kalpa—[Technical Term] The current kalpa (現在之劫 [xian zai zhi jie]), which is the Bhadrakalpa (賢劫 [xian jie]).

現劫—【術語】現在之劫。即賢劫。

[shù yǔ] xiàn zài zhī jié. jí xián jié.

[shu yu] xian zai zhi jie. ji xian jie.

Source: DILA Glossaries: Ding Fubao: Dictionary of Buddhist Studies

賢劫 t = 贤劫 s = xián jié p refers to [proper noun] “bhadrakalpa; the present kalpa”; Domain: Buddhism 佛教 [fu jiao]; Notes: Sanskrit equivalent: bhadrakalpa, Pali: bhaddakappa, Japanese: kengō; gengō, Tibetan: bskal pa bzang po; literally, 'worthy eon' the name of the present kalpa (BL 'bhadrakalpa'; Ding '賢劫 [xian jie]'; FGDB '賢劫 [xian jie]'; Karashima 2001 '賢劫 [xian jie]'; SH '賢劫 [xian jie]', p. 444) .

Source: NTI Reader: Chinese-English Buddhist dictionary
context information

Chinese Buddhism (漢傳佛教, hanchuan fojiao) is the form of Buddhism that developed in China, blending Mahayana teachings with Daoist and Confucian thought. Its texts are mainly in Classical Chinese, based on translations from Sanskrit. Major schools include Chan (Zen), Pure Land, Tiantai, and Huayan. Chinese Buddhism has greatly influenced East Asian religion and culture.

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[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

仙界 [xiān jiè] [xian jie]—
The world where immortals (神仙 [shen xian]) live. From Meng Jiao's (孟郊 [meng jiao]) poem "Rotten Axe Handle Stone" (爛柯石 [lan ke shi]) from the Tang (唐 [tang]) Dynasty: "Within one day in the immortal world, a thousand years pass in the human world (人間 [ren jian])." From Chapter 15 of "Dream of the Red Chamber" (紅樓夢 [hong lou meng]): "The deceased have already ascended to the immortal world; they are not ordinary (碌碌 [lu lu]) people like you and I in the mortal realm (塵寰 [chen huan])."

仙界:神仙生活的世界。唐.孟郊〈爛柯石〉詩:「仙界一日內,人間千載窮。」《紅樓夢》第一五回:「逝者已登仙界,非碌碌你我塵寰中之人也。」

xiān jiè: shén xiān shēng huó de shì jiè. táng. mèng jiāo 〈làn kē shí〉 shī: “xiān jiè yī rì nèi, rén jiān qiān zài qióng.” < hóng lóu mèng> dì yī wǔ huí: “shì zhě yǐ dēng xiān jiè, fēi lù lù nǐ wǒ chén huán zhōng zhī rén yě.”

xian jie: shen xian sheng huo de shi jie. tang. meng jiao shi: "xian jie yi ri nei, ren jian qian zai qiong." < hong lou meng> di yi wu hui: "shi zhe yi deng xian jie, fei lu lu ni wo chen huan zhong zhi ren ye."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

纖介 [xiān jiè] [xian jie]—
A small blade of grass (小草 [xiao cao]). It is a metaphor for something extremely tiny or insignificant. From "Strategies of the Warring States: Strategies of Qi 4" (《戰國策 [zhan guo ce].齊策四 [qi ce si]》): "Lord Mengchang (孟嘗君 [meng chang jun]) served as prime minister for decades, without the slightest misfortune (之禍 [zhi huo]), this was the plan of Feng Xuan (馮諼 [feng xuan])." From "Book of Han: Volume 98, Biography of Empress Yuan" (《漢書 [han shu].卷九八 [juan jiu ba].元后傳 [yuan hou chuan]》): "The world knows that your servant has received grace and compassion, and is held in high esteem. Whether advancing or retreating, it is for the good of the nation, and there will be absolutely no trivial criticism (之議 [zhi yi])." Also written as "孅介 [qian jie]" or "纖芥 [xian jie]".

纖介:小草。比喻非常微小。《戰國策.齊策四》:「孟嘗君為相數十年,無纖介之禍者,馮諼之計也。」《漢書.卷九八.元后傳》:「天下知臣被恩見哀,重巍巍也。進退於國為厚,萬無纖介之議。」也作「孅介」、「纖芥」。

xiān jiè: xiǎo cǎo. bǐ yù fēi cháng wēi xiǎo. < zhàn guó cè. qí cè sì>: “mèng cháng jūn wèi xiāng shù shí nián, wú xiān jiè zhī huò zhě, féng xuān zhī jì yě.” < hàn shū. juǎn jiǔ bā. yuán hòu chuán>: “tiān xià zhī chén bèi ēn jiàn āi, zhòng wēi wēi yě. jìn tuì yú guó wèi hòu, wàn wú xiān jiè zhī yì.” yě zuò “qiān jiè” ,, “xiān jiè” .

xian jie: xiao cao. bi yu fei chang wei xiao. < zhan guo ce. qi ce si>: "meng chang jun wei xiang shu shi nian, wu xian jie zhi huo zhe, feng xuan zhi ji ye." < han shu. juan jiu ba. yuan hou chuan>: "tian xia zhi chen bei en jian ai, zhong wei wei ye. jin tui yu guo wei hou, wan wu xian jie zhi yi." ye zuo "qian jie" ,, "xian jie" .

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

銜接 [xián jiē] [xian jie]—
To connect with each other (互相連接 [hu xiang lian jie]). For example: 'Train carriages (火車車廂 [huo che che xiang]) are joined (互相 [hu xiang]) section by section (一節節 [yi jie jie]).' Also written as 啣接 [xian jie] (xián jiē).

銜接:互相連接。如:「火車車廂一節節互相銜接。」也作「啣接」。

xián jiē: hù xiāng lián jiē. rú: “huǒ chē chē xiāng yī jié jié hù xiāng xián jiē.” yě zuò “xián jiē” .

xian jie: hu xiang lian jie. ru: "huo che che xiang yi jie jie hu xiang xian jie." ye zuo "xian jie" .

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

銜結 [xián jié] [xian jie]—
A metaphor for repaying kindness (報恩 [bao en]). It is an abbreviation of "結草銜環 [jie cao xian huan]" (jiécǎo xiánhuán). See the entry for "結草銜環 [jie cao xian huan]". From "Stories to Enlighten the World" (喻世明言 [yu shi ming yan]), Volume 27, "Jin Yunü Beats the Heartless Man with a Stick" (金玉奴棒打薄情郎 [jin yu nu bang da bao qing lang]): "This matter entirely depends on your assistance to bring it to fruition; I shall certainly repay you with the gratitude of '' (xiánjié)."

銜結:比喻報恩。為「結草銜環」的省文。參見「結草銜環」條。《喻世明言.卷二七.金玉奴棒打薄情郎》:「此事全仗玉成,當效銜結之報。」

xián jié: bǐ yù bào ēn. wèi “jié cǎo xián huán” de shěng wén. cān jiàn “jié cǎo xián huán” tiáo. < yù shì míng yán. juǎn èr qī. jīn yù nú bàng dǎ báo qíng láng>: “cǐ shì quán zhàng yù chéng, dāng xiào xián jié zhī bào.”

xian jie: bi yu bao en. wei "jie cao xian huan" de sheng wen. can jian "jie cao xian huan" tiao. < yu shi ming yan. juan er qi. jin yu nu bang da bao qing lang>: "ci shi quan zhang yu cheng, dang xiao xian jie zhi bao."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

嶮介 [xiǎn jiè] [xian jie]—
High, steep, and dangerous obstacles.
From Selections of Literature (文選 [wen xuan]), Guo Pu's (郭璞 [guo pu]) "Rhapsody on the River" (江賦 [jiang fu]): "Therefore, it serves as a boundary between the civilized and barbarian lands (華裔 [hua yi]), making the formidable boundaries of heaven and earth (天地 [tian de]) magnificent."

嶮介:高峻險阻。《文選.郭璞.江賦》:「所以作限於華裔,壯天地之嶮介。」

xiǎn jiè: gāo jùn xiǎn zǔ. < wén xuǎn. guō pú. jiāng fù>: “suǒ yǐ zuò xiàn yú huá yì, zhuàng tiān de zhī xiǎn jiè.”

xian jie: gao jun xian zu. < wen xuan. guo pu. jiang fu>: "suo yi zuo xian yu hua yi, zhuang tian de zhi xian jie."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

限界 [xiàn jiè] [xian jie]—
Boundary. Han Shu (Book of Han), Volume 25, Annals of Sacrifices, Part II: "The three luminaries (三光 [san guang]) are high and unattainable, the sea is vast and without boundaries (無 [wu]), therefore their music is the same." Song Shi (History of Song), Volume 297, Biography of Liu Sui (劉隨傳 [liu sui chuan]): "Sui then ordered the planting of hundreds of thousands of willows in a ring, connecting them together to serve as boundaries."

限界:疆界。《漢書.卷二五.郊祀志下》:「三光高而不可得親,海廣大無限界,故其樂同。」《宋史.卷二九七.劉隨傳》:「隨因令環植楊柳數十萬株,使相連屬,以為限界。」

xiàn jiè: jiāng jiè. < hàn shū. juǎn èr wǔ. jiāo sì zhì xià>: “sān guāng gāo ér bù kě dé qīn, hǎi guǎng dà wú xiàn jiè, gù qí lè tóng.” < sòng shǐ. juǎn èr jiǔ qī. liú suí chuán>: “suí yīn lìng huán zhí yáng liǔ shù shí wàn zhū, shǐ xiāng lián shǔ, yǐ wèi xiàn jiè.”

xian jie: jiang jie. < han shu. juan er wu. jiao si zhi xia>: "san guang gao er bu ke de qin, hai guang da wu xian jie, gu qi le tong." < song shi. juan er jiu qi. liu sui chuan>: "sui yin ling huan zhi yang liu shu shi wan zhu, shi xiang lian shu, yi wei xian jie."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

憲節 [xiàn jié] [xian jie]—
The "" (xiàn jié) was a symbol held by ancient inspecting and pacifying officials to rectify social customs and legal standards. History of Yuan Dynasty, Volume 134, Biography of Monk states: "He held the "" (xiàn jié) seven times, being upright and unyielding. Whenever he heard of inconveniences in court affairs, he would submit memorials to argue vehemently, never avoiding suspicion due to internal or external factors."

憲節:古代巡察按撫等官所持以整飭風化法度的符節。《元史.卷一三四.和尚傳》:「前後七持憲節,剛正不撓,聞朝廷事有不便,必上章極論,未嘗以內外為嫌。」

xiàn jié: gǔ dài xún chá àn fǔ děng guān suǒ chí yǐ zhěng chì fēng huà fǎ dù de fú jié. < yuán shǐ. juǎn yī sān sì. hé shàng chuán>: “qián hòu qī chí xiàn jié, gāng zhèng bù náo, wén cháo tíng shì yǒu bù biàn, bì shàng zhāng jí lùn, wèi cháng yǐ nèi wài wèi xián.”

xian jie: gu dai xun cha an fu deng guan suo chi yi zheng chi feng hua fa du de fu jie. < yuan shi. juan yi san si. he shang chuan>: "qian hou qi chi xian jie, gang zheng bu nao, wen chao ting shi you bu bian, bi shang zhang ji lun, wei chang yi nei wai wei xian."

[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]

獻捷 [xiàn jié] [xian jie]—
Presenting the spoils of war after a victory. Southern Dynasties Liang Dynasty · Ren Fang, "Memorial Accusing Cao Jingzong": "After winning the battles of Huai and Xu, they presented the victory (淮徐 [huai xu]); after triumphantly returning from the He and Yan regions, they came back in glory (河兗凱歸 [he yan kai gui])." Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Chapter 2: "Zhu Jun then pacified several commanderies and submitted a memorial presenting his victory (上表 [shang biao])."

獻捷:戰勝後進獻所獲的戰果。南朝梁.任昉〈奏彈曹景宗〉:「淮徐獻捷,河兗凱歸。」《三國演義》第二回:「朱儁遂平數郡,上表獻捷。」

xiàn jié: zhàn shèng hòu jìn xiàn suǒ huò de zhàn guǒ. nán cháo liáng. rèn fǎng 〈zòu dàn cáo jǐng zōng〉: “huái xú xiàn jié, hé yǎn kǎi guī.” < sān guó yǎn yì> dì èr huí: “zhū jùn suì píng shù jùn, shàng biǎo xiàn jié.”

xian jie: zhan sheng hou jin xian suo huo de zhan guo. nan chao liang. ren fang : "huai xu xian jie, he yan kai gui." < san guo yan yi> di er hui: "zhu jun sui ping shu jun, shang biao xian jie."

Source: moedict.tw: Mengdian Mandarin Chinese Dictionary

1) 仙界 ts = xiān jiè p refers to “world of the immortals; a fairyland; a paradise”.

2) 縣界 t = 县界 s = xiàn jiè p refers to “county border; county line”..

3) 銜接 t = 衔接 s = xián jiē p refers to “to link up; to connect; to join”..

Source: CC-CEDICT: Community maintained free Chinese-English dictionary

1) 咸傑 [xián jié] refers to: “Xianjie” [Chinese personal name].

2) 咸皆 [xián jiē] refers to: “all together”.

咸皆 is further associated with the following language/terms:

[Related Chinese terms] 同共; 咸倶; 咸同; 咸然; 悉倶; 悉僉; 悉共.

[Vietnamese] hàm giai.

[Korean] 함개 / hamgae.

[Japanese] ゲンカイ / genkai.

3) 賢劫 [xián jié] refers to: “good eon”.

賢劫 is further associated with the following language/terms:

[Related Chinese terms] 善劫; 波陀劫; 颰陀劫.

[Sanskrit] bhadra-kalpa; bhadra-kalpika.

[Vietnamese] hiền kiếp.

[Korean] 현겁 / hyeon-geop.

[Japanese] ケンコウ / ケンゴウ.

4) 限節 [xiàn jié] refers to: “proper limits (?)”.

限節 is further associated with the following language/terms:

[Sanskrit] su-premaṇīya.

[Vietnamese] hạn tiết.

[Korean] 한절 / hanjeol.

[Japanese] ゲンセツ / gensetsu.

5) 現劫 [xiàn jié] refers to: “the present kalpa”.

現劫 is further associated with the following language/terms:

[Vietnamese] hiện cướp.

[Korean] 현겁 / hyeongeop.

[Japanese] ゲンコウ / genkō.

6) 纖芥 [xiān jiè] refers to: “mustard seed”.

纖芥 is further associated with the following language/terms:

[Vietnamese] tiêm giới.

[Korean] 섬개 / seomgae.

[Japanese] センケ / senke.

Source: DILA Glossaries: Digital Dictionary of Buddhism
context information

Chinese language.

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