Vivarana, Vivaraṇa: 23 definitions
Introduction:
Vivarana means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Vivaran.
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In Hinduism
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Vivaraṇa (विवरण).—Critical comment; a name given by a writer of commentary works to a critical commentary work written by him; e. g. काशि-काविवरणपञ्जिका (kāśi-kāvivaraṇapañjikā) (न्यास (nyāsa)) by Jinendrabuddhi, भाष्यप्रदीपविवरण (bhāṣyapradīpavivaraṇa) (उद्द्योत (uddyota)) by Nāgeśa, as also लघुशब्देन्दुशेखरविवरण (laghuśabdenduśekharavivaraṇa) by Bhāskaraśastrī Abhyankar.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Vivaraṇa (विवरण) refers to “pervading” and is the action (karma) associated with Sūkṣma (“subtle”): one of the twenty Śārīraguṇa (or Gurvādiguṇa), which refers to the “twenty qualities of the body”—where guṇa (property) represents one of the six divisions of dravya (drugs).—Śārīraka-guṇas are twenty in number. There are ten guṇas with their opposite guṇas. [...] Sūkṣma (“subtle”) has the predominant bhūta (element) of air, space and the associated actions of “pervading/vivaraṇa”; while Sthūla (“gross”) has the predominant bhūta (element) of earth and is associated with the action “covering/saṃvaraṇa”.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
General definition (in Hinduism)
A school of interpretation within the Advaita Vedānta tradition, following the lead of Śaṅkara's pupil Padmapāda in its reading of the master's thought. As well as stressing the importance of Vedic study, and direct experience of brahman (neut.), over activities such as yoga, the Vivaraṇa also regarded ignorance (māyā) as a cosmic phenomenon relating to brahman, and was thus opposed to the rival Bhāmatī school.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Vivaraṇa (विवरण) refers to “interruptions (of depravities)”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “[...] Thus he becomes one who subjugates the works of Māra (mārakarman). What then is the subjugation of the works of Māra? That by means of which none of Māra can find a weak point in the Bodhisattva. [...] (27) having a lazy mind thinking that whatever is done by living beings is sufficient is the work of Māra; (28) living in pride with no respect, slanderous speech, having falsehood and fraud, taking pleasure in fabrications, dishonesty, harsh and unpleasant [speech], not criticizing sins, pulling out the root of dharmas, being satisfied with little learning-dharma, seeking for the non-dharma, desire for the non-dharma, not blocking (aviṣkambhaṇa) obstructions (āvaraṇa), interruptions (vivaraṇa), the uprising (paryutthāna) [of depravities] are the works of Māra; [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
India history and geography
1) Vivaraṇa (विवरण) is the name of a commentary on Kāvyaprakāśa of Mammaṭa ascribed to Gokunātha Upādhyāya (C. 1650-1740 C.E.), son of Pītāmbara Upādhyāya, who was exponent on Navya Nyāya system on Indian Philosophy and well-versed in Tantrasāra. Some of Gokulanātha’s verses are mentioned in Vidyākarasahasraka (pp. 92-93).
2) Vivaraṇa (विवरण) is the name of a commentary on Dhātukāvya of Nārāyaṇa Bhaṭṭa ascribed to Rāmapāṇivāda (18th Century): a scholar of multi discipline, who flourished in Kerala in the 18th Century. He was a prolific writer both in Sanskrit and Prakrit. Also see the “New Catalogus Catalogorum” XXIV. pp. 173-74.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
vivaraṇa : (nt.) opening; unveiling; revelation.
Vivaraṇa, (nt.) (fr. vivarati) 1. uncovering, unveiling, making open, revelation, in loka° laying open the worlds, unveiling of the Universe; referred to as a great miracle at Vism. 392; Miln. 350; Dāvs II. 120; J. IV, 266.—2. opening, unfolding, making accessible, purifying (fig.), in ceto° A. III, 117, 121; IV, 352; V, 67.—3. explanation, making clear (cp. vibhajana) Nett 8 (as f.); SnA 445. (Page 637)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
vivaraṇa (विवरण).—n S Exposition, explanation, interpretation, explication by paraphrase or comment.
vivaraṇa (विवरण).—n Exposition, explanation.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Vivaraṇa (विवरण).—
1) Displaying, expressing, unfolding, opening.
2) Exposing, laying bare or open.
3) Exposition, explanation, gloss, comment, interpretation.
4) Describing, description.
5) A sentence.
Derivable forms: vivaraṇam (विवरणम्).
Vivaraṇa (विवरण).—(1) should mean opening; so Sanskrit and Pali; meaning uncertain in sarvāvaraṇa-vivaraṇa-paryutthāna-(q.v.)- vigataḥ Mahāvyutpatti 814, epithet of Bodhisattvas; Tibetan sgrib pa (= āvaraṇa) daṅ chad pa (must = vivarṇa) daṅ kun nas ldaṅ ba (= paryutthāna) thams cad (= sarva) daṅ bral ba (= vigata). I should like to render: free from the opening out and overwhelming (taking possession) of the ‘obscurations’ (sins); [Tibetan-English Dictionary] gives to open…to give out among other mgs. of the confusing word(s) chad pa. But the repeated daṅ in Tibetan suggests rather a three-member dvandva. Another meaning of chad pa is punishment, but it is hard to see how vivaraṇa could get that meaning; (2) (nt.?) a high number: Gaṇḍavyūha 105.25, = varaṇa Mahāvyutpatti 7852 (cited from Gaṇḍavyūha; not in Gaṇḍavyūha 133).
Vivaraṇa (विवरण).—n.
(-ṇaṃ) 1. Explanation, exposition, gloss, comment. 2. Interpretation, translation. 3. Uncovering, exposing, laying bare or open. 4. Detailing, describing. E. vi before vṛ to select, (the meaning,) aff. lyuṭ .
Vivaraṇa (विवरण).—i. e. vi-vṛ + ana, n. 1. Uncovering. 2. Explanation. 3. A sentence, Brahmav. 2, 28. 4. Detailing.
Vivaraṇa (विवरण).—[neuter] opening, uncovering, explaining.
Vivaraṇa (विवरण) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—vedānta. Rice. 170.
—by Vidyāraṇya. Oppert. 3213. 3544. 6665. 6998. 7780. Ii, 4938.
—[commentary] Ii, 4939. 4940.
1) Vivaraṇa (विवरण):—[=vi-varaṇa] [from vi-vara > vi-vṛ] mfn. the act of uncovering, spreading out, opening, laying bare or open, [Taittirīya-prātiśākhya; Mahābhārata; Suśruta]
2) [v.s. ...] explanation, exposition, interpretation, gloss, comment, translation, interpretation, specification etc., [Purāṇa; Śaṃkarācārya; Sarvadarśana-saṃgraha]
3) [v.s. ...] a sentence, [Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary]
4) [v.s. ...] Name of [work] on Vedānta
Vivaraṇa (विवरण):—[vi-varaṇa] (ṇaṃ) 1. n. Laying open; de scription; explanation; translation.
Vivaraṇa (विवरण):—(wie eben) n.
1) das Oeffnen, Eröffnen [Mahābhārata 12, 3828.] [Suśruta 1, 25, 16.] —
2) Auseinandersetzung, Erörterung, Erklärung, Erläuterung [Halāyudha 2, 245.] [BRAHMAVAIV. Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 2, 28.] guṇa [Bhāgavatapurāṇa.5,9,3.6,9,40.] [Colebrooke] [?II,7. zu Chāndogyopaniṣad S. 1. Inschr. in Journ. of the Am. Or. S.7,12, Śloka 50. Oxforder Handschriften.3,b, No. 24. 14,a,7.b,17. 19. 44,b,32. 45,a,19. 21. 174,a,2. 176,b, No. 401. 207,b,1 v. u. 219,b, No. 525. KUSUM. 57,2. SARVADARŚANAS. 21,13. fg. 61,14. 90,20.] — Vgl. kāyeneti, vodhacitta, bodhicitta, mahāvākya (unter mahāvākya [2]), vākya und vivṛti .
Vivaraṇa (विवरण) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Vivaraṇa.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Vivaraṇa (विवरण) [Also spelled vivaran]:—(nm) an account, description; commentary; particulars, details; minutes; briefing; report, statement; account; ~[ṇakāra] commentator; ~[ṇikā] a brochure; prospectus; ~[ṇī] report, return.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
Vivaraṇa (विवरण) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Vivaraṇa.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Vivaraṇa (ವಿವರಣ):—
1) [noun] the act of opening, expanding.
2) [noun] a stretching, spreading or being stretched or spread.
3) [noun] a cleaning of cotton fibres after separated from the seeds.
4) [noun] a giving or report of complete or nearly complete information about something; such detailed information.
5) [noun] the act or an instance of expressing something; expression.
6) [noun] (math.) a reducing of one quantity from another or finding the difference between two quantities; subtraction.
7) [noun] a justifying something by reasoning; justification.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Vivaraṇa (विवरण):—n. 1. exposition; explanation; gloss; comment; interpretation; detailed account; commentary; description; 2. report; 3. specification;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): Vi, Varana.
Starts with (+3): Vivaranabhavaprakashika, Vivaranacatuhsutri, Vivaranadarpana, Vivaranakala, Vivaranakarikabhashya, Vivaranakuncika, Vivaranalika, Vivaranalikai, Vivaranam, Vivarananana, Vivaranapatra, Vivaranaprameyasamgraha, Vivaranaprasthana, Vivaranaratna, Vivaranasamgraha, Vivaranasarasamgraha, Vivaranasucika, Vivaranata, Vivaranatalika, Vivaranatattvadipana.
Full-text (+242): Lokavivarana, Dharmavivarana, Aishvaryavivarana, Nageshavivarana, Rahasyasamdeshavivarana, Nyasadeshavivarana, Namaratnavivarana, Mudravivarana, Gopirasavivarana, Bodhicittavivarana, Jyotirvivarana, Kilakavivarana, Bodhacittavivarana, Pancapadikavivarana, Nyayavivarana, Vivaranaratna, Vivaranadarpana, Vivaranaprasthana, Vivaranavrana, Vivaranasamgraha.
Relevant text
Search found 88 books and stories containing Vivarana, Vi-varana, Vi-varaṇa, Vivaraṇa; (plurals include: Vivaranas, varanas, varaṇas, Vivaraṇas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
A History of Indian Philosophy Volume 2 (by Surendranath Dasgupta)
Part 22 - Philosophy of the Prakaṭārtha-vivaraṇa (a.d. 1200) < [Chapter XI - The Śaṅkara School of Vedānta (continued)]
Part 4 - Teachers and Pupils in Vedānta < [Chapter XI - The Śaṅkara School of Vedānta (continued)]
Part 26 - Nṛsiṃhāśrama Muni (a.d. 1500) < [Chapter XI - The Śaṅkara School of Vedānta (continued)]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 324 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Page 97 < [Hindi-Malayalam-English Volume 3]
Page 318 < [Hindi-Marathi-English Volume 2]
Preceptors of Advaita (by T. M. P. Mahadevan)
(ii) Pṛthvīdhara < [50. Some Pre-Śaṅkara Advaitins]
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Yoga-sutra with Bhashya Vivarana (study) (by Susmi Sabu)
Notes and References for chapter 3 < [Chapter 3 - The Authorship Problem of Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana]
Notes and References for chapter 1 < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]
Sankara as the author of the Bhashya-vivarana < [Chapter 3 - The Authorship Problem of Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana]
A History of Indian Philosophy Volume 3 (by Surendranath Dasgupta)
Part 3 - Āḻvārs and Śrī-vaiṣṇavas on certain points of controversy in religious dogmas < [Chapter XVII - The Āḻvārs]
Part 6 - Ontological position of Rāmānuja’s Philosophy < [Chapter XX - Philosophy of the Rāmānuja School of Thought]
Part 1 - Date of Bhāskara < [Chapter XV - The Bhāskara School of Philosophy]