Virati, Viraṭī: 20 definitions
Introduction:
Virati means something in Buddhism, Pali, Jainism, Prakrit, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Tamil. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Buddhism
Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Journey to Nibbana: Patthana DhamaVirati means avoidance.
See Virati Cetasikas
Source: Pali Kanon: Manual of Buddhist Terms and Doctrinesthe 3 'abstentions' or abstinences, are:
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abstention from wrong speech,
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wrong (bodily) action and
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wrong livelihood;
corresponding to right speech, action and livelihood of the 8-fold Path (s. magga, 3-5).
By abstention is not simply meant the non-occurrence of the evil things in question, but the deliberate abstaining therefrom, whenever occasion arises.
They belong to the 'secondary' (not constant) mental concomitants obtaining in lofty consciousness (s. Tab. II). Cf. sīla.
Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan BuddhismViraṭī (विरटी) is the name of Dūtī (i.e., messengers of Lord Vajrapāṇi) mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa: one of the largest Kriyā Tantras devoted to Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śākyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Viraṭī).
Source: academia.edu: A Critical Study of the Vajraḍākamahātantrarāja (II)Virati (विरति) is the name of a Vākchomā (‘verbal secrect sign’) which has its meaning defined as ‘vaiśya’ according to chapter 8 of the 9th-century Vajraḍākamahātantrarāja, a scripture belonging to the Buddhist Cakrasaṃvara (or Saṃvara) scriptural cycle. These Vākchomās (viz., virati) are meant for verbal communication and can be regarded as popular signs, since they can be found in the three biggest works of the Cakrasaṃvara literature.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita SastraVirati (विरति) refers to the “renunciation (of sin)”, according to the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra chapter 46.—Accordingly, “In the presence of beings, the Bodhisattva praises the pure bliss of the trances and the absorptions, inner bliss, the bliss of lordship, the bliss of renunciation of sin (āpatti-virati-sukha), the bliss of the present and the future life, the bliss experienced by the saint, the bliss of the Brahmadevarājas, the bliss felt by the entire body, deep, solid and wonderful bliss”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve ReflectionsVirati (विरति) (in Prakrit: Viramaṇa). refers to “restraint”—Mūlācāra 744 (vol. 2, p. 26), for instance, states that wrong belief, lack of restraint, passions, and activities of body, mind and speech are prevented by right faith, restraint (viramaṇa/virati), arresting and control, respectively. Bārasa Aṇupekkhā 61-3 include similar statements.—Cf. Hemacandra (Yogaśāstra 4.81-5 [vol. 2, p. 871-3]).
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionaryvirati : (f.) abstinence.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryVirati, (f.) (vi+rati) abstinence Mhvs 20, 58. The three viratis given at DA. I, 305 (=veramaṇī) are sampatta°, samādāna°, setughāta° (q. v.). Cp. DhsA. 154 (tisso viratiyo), 218; Sdhp. 215, 341 & Cpd. 244, n. 2. (Page 633)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryvirati (विरति).—S f Stopping, ceasing, rest, cessation. 2 Extinction of earthly desires and affections. See ex. under advayayukti.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryVirati (विरति).—f.
1) Cessation, stop, discontinuance.
2) Rest, end, pause.
3) Indifference to worldly attachments; विरतिवनितासंगमुदितः (virativanitāsaṃgamuditaḥ) Bhartṛhari 3.79; A. Rām.2.1.41.
Derivable forms: viratiḥ (विरतिः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryVirati (विरति).—f.
(-tiḥ) 1. Stop, cessation, term, rest. 2. End, term. E. vi before ram to play, ktin aff.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryVirati (विरति).—i. e. vi-ram + ti, and vi -rati, f. 1. Stop. 2. Cessation. 3. End, [Bhartṛhari, (ed. Bohlen.)] 1, 51. 4. Indifference, [Vedāntasāra, (in my Chrestomathy.)] in
Virati (विरति).—[feminine] resting, ceasing, abstaining from ([ablative], [locative], or —°); conclusion, end. °— finally, at last.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Virati (विरति):—[=vi-rati] [from vi-rata > vi-ram] f. cessation, pause, stop, end ([in the beginning of a compound] = finally), [Kāvya literature; Kathāsaritsāgara] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] end of or caesura within a Pada, [Śrutabodha]
3) [v.s. ...] resignation, desistence or abstention from ([ablative] [locative case], or [compound]), [Kāvya literature; Vedāntasāra; Śārṅgadhara-saṃhitā]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryVirati (विरति):—[vi-rati] (tiḥ) 2. f. Stop; cessation; end; term.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Virati (विरति) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Virai.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusVirati (ವಿರತಿ):—
1) [noun] the end; finish; conclusion.
2) [noun] a short period of inaction; temporary stop, break or rest.
3) [noun] the quality or sate of being not influenced by personal interest, selfish motives, sensual enjoyments, worldly possessions, etc.
4) [noun] a stop or break in reading or speaking, which clarifies meaning; a pause.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Tamil dictionary
Source: DDSA: University of Madras: Tamil LexiconVirati (விரதி) noun < vratin.
1. One who has taken a religious vow; நோன்பு மேற்கொண் டோன். விரிசடை விரதிகள் [nonpu merkon don. virisadai virathigal] (தேவாரம் [thevaram] 700, 3).
2. One who has renounced the world; துறவி. (சதுராகராதி) [thuravi. (sathuragarathi)]
3. Celibate student; பிரமசாரி. அருத்திடுக வன்னாதி கற்புடைய விரதியர்க்கும் வேதியர்க்கும் [piramasari. aruthiduga vannathi karpudaiya virathiyarkkum vethiyarkkum] (சிவதருமோ. சிவஞான. [sivatharumo. sivagnana.] 29).
Tamil is an ancient language of India from the Dravidian family spoken by roughly 250 million people mainly in southern India and Sri Lanka.
Nepali dictionary
Source: unoes: Nepali-English DictionaryVirati (विरति):—n. 1. cessation; stoppage; discontinuance; desuetude; 2. rest; end; pause; 3. indifference to worldly attachments;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Virati Cetasikas, Viratike, Viratinan, Viratiran, Viratirtha.
Ends with: Anarthadandavirati, Apattivirati, Avirati, Deshavirati, Digvirati, Madyavirati, Makavirati, Manovirati, Paramganavirati, Pativirati, Praharavirati, Prativirati, Ratribhuktivirati, Sarvavirati, Vishayavirati.
Full-text (+16): Viramana, Praharavirati, Prativirati, Virakti, Digvirati, Virati Cetasikas, Aruttaricanam, Avirati, Mahashayana, Nonpi, Digvrata, Advayayukti, Makavirati, Shilavrata, Anarthadandavirati, Papopadesha, Virai, Duhshruti, Himsadana, Apadhyana.
Relevant text
Search found 25 books and stories containing Virati, Vi-rati, Viraṭī, Virathi, Viradi, Viradhi; (plurals include: Viratis, ratis, Viraṭīs, Virathis, Viradis, Viradhis). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Abhidhamma in Daily Life (by Ashin Janakabhivamsa) (by Ashin Janakabhivamsa)
Factor 12-14 - The three abstinences (samma vaca (right speech), samma kammanta (right action), samma ajiva (right livelihood)) < [Chapter 3 - On kusala cetasikas (wholesome mental factors)]
Domain 2 - Síla (morality) < [Chapter 6 - Ten domains of meritorious actions (ten punna kiriyavatthu)]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 4.89 < [Chapter 4 - First-rate Poetry]
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī)
Verse 3.3.18 < [Part 3 - Fraternal Devotion (sakhya-rasa)]
Cetasikas (by Nina van Gorkom)
Appendix 8 - Appendix To Chapter 31 < [Appendix And Glossary]
Chapter 32 - The Three Abstinences < [Part IV - Beautiful Cetasikas]
Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary) (by Vijay K. Jain)
Verse 7.2 - Subdivisions of the fivefold vow (vrata) < [Chapter 7 - The Five Vows]
Verse 8.1 - The causes of bondage (bandha) < [Chapter 8 - Bondage of Karmas]
Verse 7.1 - Classification of the (fivefold) vow (vrata) < [Chapter 7 - The Five Vows]
Patthana Dhamma (by Htoo Naing)