Vartika, Vārtika, Vartikā, Vārtīka, Vārtikā: 22 definitions
Introduction:
Vartika means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Vartik.
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Agriculture (Krishi) and Vrikshayurveda (study of Plant life)
Vartikā (वर्तिका) refers to the “stick (of a particular tree)” (Cf. Hiṅguvartikā), according to the Vṛkṣāyurveda by Sūrapāla (1000 CE): an encyclopedic work dealing with the study of trees and the principles of ancient Indian agriculture.
Unclassified Ayurveda definitions
1) Vārtika (वार्तिक) is a Sanskrit word referring to the “grey partridge”. The meat of this animal is part of the māṃsavarga (‘group of flesh’), which is used throughout Ayurvedic literature. The animal Vārtika is part of the group of birds named Lāvādi, which is a sub-group of Viṣkira, refering to “birds similar to common quail who eat while scattering the gains”. It was classified by Caraka in his Carakasaṃhitā sūtrasthāna (chapter 27), a classical Ayurvedic work. Caraka defined such groups (vargas) based on the dietic properties of the substance.
2) Vartikā (वर्तिका) is a Sanskrit word referring to the “female bustard”. The meat of this animal is part of the māṃsavarga (‘group of flesh’), which is used throughout Ayurvedic literature. The animal Vartikā is part of the group of birds named Vartakādi, which is a sub-group of Viṣkira, refering to “birds similar to common quail who eat while scattering the gains”. It was classified by Caraka in his Carakasaṃhitā sūtrasthāna (chapter 27), a classical Ayurvedic work. Caraka defined such groups (vargas) based on the dietic properties of the substance.
Vartikā (वर्तिका)—Sanskrit word for a bird, corresponding to “quail”. This animal is from the group called Viṣkira (which scatter). Viṣkira itself is a sub-group of the group of animals known as Jāṅghala (living in high ground and in a jungle).
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Vārtika (वार्तिक).—An additional statement which is as much authoritative as the original one to which it is appended for the purposes of correction, completion of explanation. Kātyāyana wrote about 4000 Vārttikas on the sūtras of Pāṇini’s Aṣṭādhyāyī.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Vārtika (वार्तिक) refers to one of the four Mārgas (i.e., the duration of Kāla or “time units”) according to the Saṅgītamārga and Caturasabhāvilāsa schools of thought, as cited in the Tālalakṣaṇa, an ancient work supposedly ascribed to Kohala—a celebrated authority of the ancient period along with others such as Bharata, Yāṣṭika, Śārdūla, Kāśyapa etc.—According to the Dattilakohalīyam, Tāla is said to be of two types—mārga and deśī. Kohala in the Tālalakṣaṇa discusses the different schools of thought regarding mārga in this segment. For example, according to the Saṅgītamārga and Caturasabhāvilāsa they are — dakṣiṇa, vārtika, citra, citratara, citratama;—Note: Citra is also mentioned as a Mārga in the following schools of thought: Saṅgītaratnākarā and Dattilakohalīyam, Saṅgītavidyāvinoda and Jainamata.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Kama-shastra (the science of Love-making)
Vartikā (वर्तिका) refers to “penciles (i.e., a paint-brush for drawing)” (placed near the couch in the householders’ residence—when settling down as a citizen), according to chapter 1.4 of Vātsyāyana’s Kāmasūtra: a Sanskrit text from the 2nd century dealing with eroticism, sexuality and emotional fulfillment in life belonging to Kāmaśāstra (the ancient Indian science of love-making).—Accordingly [while describing the bedroom of the residence of a citizen]: “[...] There should be also a sort of couch besides, and at the head of this a sort of stool, on which should be placed the fragrant ointments for the night, as well as flowers, pots containing collyrium and other fragrant substances, things used for perfuming the mouth, and the bark of the common citron tree. Near the couch, on the ground, there should be a pot for spitting, a box containing ornaments, and also a lute hanging from a peg made of the tooth of an elephant, a board for drawing, a pot containing perfume (vartikā-samudgaka), some books, and some garlands of the yellow amaranth flowers. [...]”.
Kamashastra (कामशास्त्र, kāmaśāstra) deals with ancient Indian science of love-making, passion, emotions and other related topics dealing with the pleasures of the senses.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Vartikā (वर्तिका, a ‘quail’) is mentioned in the Rigveda as having been saved by the Aśvins from a wolfs jaws.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Vartikā (वर्तिका) refers to the “wick (of the lamp)”, according to Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter 41).—Accordingly, “[The eighteen āveṇika-dharmas (‘special attributes’)]— [...] (10). The Buddha has no loss of wisdom.—He has no loss of wisdom.—As the Buddha has obtained all these wisdoms, he has no loss of wisdom; as his wisdom of the three times is unobstructed, he has no loss of wisdom. Moreover, he is endowed with the ten powers (bala), the four fearlessnesses (vaiśāradya) and the four unhindered wisdoms (pratisaṃvid): this is why he has no loss of wisdom. If the oil (taila) is plentiful and the wick (vartikā) is clean, the flame of the lamp (dīpa-jvāla) is excellent. It is the same for the Buddha who has concentrations such as the Samādhirājasamādhi as oil and, as clean wick, the absence of loss of mindfulness. This is why the radiance of his wisdom is immense and uneclipsed. [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Vartikā (वर्तिका) refers to “lamps”, according to the Guru-maṇḍala-arcana [i.e., “Guru Mandala Worship]” ritual often performed in combination with the Cakrasaṃvara Samādhi, which refers to the primary pūjā and sādhanā practice of Newah Mahāyāna-Vajrayāna Buddhists in Nepal.—Accordingly, “Benevolence, compassion, sympathetic joy, and equanimity. Oṃ the natural state of all conditions is pure... First crossing onto a cremation ground, fixed high on a mountain, A yogi having all the sacred threads, loose hair, and facing southward, The five ambrosias and lamps (pañcāmṛta-vartikā), interpolated into the face”.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
In Jainism
Jain philosophy
Vārtika (वार्तिक) refers to a “commentary which explains what is said, what is not said and what is imperfectly said”.—Amongst the Vārtikas Kātyāyana’s Vārtika on Aṣṭādhyāyī is the oldest. It is not a commentary but a critical appendix. The new style of vārtikas commenced with Nyāyavārtika of Uddyotakara (550 AD). Kumārila (600 AD) brought it to a very high standard in his Mīmāṃsāślokavārtika. According to Rāhula Sāṅkṛtyāyana these last two Vārtikas led Dharmakīrti to name his work as Pramāṇavārtika wherein he has criticized these two Vārtikas. Vide his Preface (p IV) to Pramāṇavārtika.
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India history and geography
Vārtika (वार्तिक) by Jagannātha Miśra is the name of a commentary on the Vṛttaratnākara of Kedārabhaṭṭa (C. 950-1050 C.E.), who was a celebrated author in Sanskrit prosody. The Vṛttaratnākara is considered as most popular work in Sanskrit prosody, because of its rich and number of commentaries.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
vārtika (वार्तिक).—m A reporter, correspondent. n A supplementary explanation.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Vartika (वर्तिक).—A kind of quail.
Derivable forms: vartikaḥ (वर्तिकः).
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Vartikā (वर्तिका).—[vṛteḥ tikan Uṇādi-sūtra 3.146]
1) A paint-brush; तदुपनय चित्रफलकं चित्रवर्तिकाश्च (tadupanaya citraphalakaṃ citravartikāśca) Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 1; अङ्गुलीक्षरणसन्नवर्तिकः (aṅgulīkṣaraṇasannavartikaḥ) R.19.19.
2) The wick of a lamp, a torch; तिलस्नेहसिक्त- यष्ट्यग्रग्रथितवर्तिका (tilasnehasikta- yaṣṭyagragrathitavartikā) Daśakumāracarita 2.7.
3) Colour, paint.
4) A quail; एकपक्षाक्षिचरणा वर्तिका घोरदर्शना (ekapakṣākṣicaraṇā vartikā ghoradarśanā) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 3.18.42; श्येनावपात- चकिता वनवर्तिकेव (śyenāvapāta- cakitā vanavartikeva) Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 8.8.
5) A stick (yaṣṭi); पलाशवर्तिका- मेकां वहतः संहतान् पथि (palāśavartikā- mekāṃ vahataḥ saṃhatān pathi) (apaśyat) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 1.31.8.
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Vārtīka (वार्तीक).—A kind of quail.
Derivable forms: vārtīkaḥ (वार्तीकः).
See also (synonyms): vārtaka.
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Vārtikā (वार्तिका).—A kind of quail.
Vartikā (वर्तिका).—in pāṣāṇa-v°, app. gravel: Mūla-Sarvāstivāda-Vinaya ii.28.13 ff.; in 29.12 replaced by pāṣāṇa-śarkarā.
Vartikā (वर्तिका).—[varti + kā], f. 1. The wick of a lamp. 2. Colour, [Śākuntala, (ed. Böhtlingk.)] [distich] 142(?). 3. A pencil, [Daśakumāracarita] in
Vartikā (वर्तिका).—1. [feminine] v. vartaka.
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Vartikā (वर्तिका).—2. [feminine] stalk, wick, paint-brush.
1) Vartikā (वर्तिका):—[from vartaka > varta] f. (See also sub voce) idem, [Ṛg-veda; Mahābhārata; Suśruta] (here of a different kind fr. the m.)
2) Vartika (वर्तिक):—[from varta] m. = vartaka, a quail, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
3) Vartikā (वर्तिका):—[from varta] f. ([from] 1. varti; cf. under vartaka) a stalk, [Mahābhārata]
4) [v.s. ...] the wick of a lamp, [Kālikā-purāṇa] (cf. yoga-v)
5) [v.s. ...] a paint-brush, [Śakuntalā] (cf. citra-v)
6) [v.s. ...] colour, paint, [ib.] ([probably] [wrong reading] for varṇikā)
7) [v.s. ...] Odina Pinnata, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
8) Vārtikā (वार्तिका):—[from vārtaka] f. idem, [ib.]
9) Vārtika (वार्तिक):—[from vārtaka] m. a kind of bird, [Vāgbhaṭālaṃkāra] (= vartika, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.])
10) Vārtīka (वार्तीक):—[from vārtaka] m. a kind of quail, [Bhāvaprakāśa]
Vartika (वर्तिक):—m. = vartaka Wachtel [Rājanirghaṇṭa im Śabdakalpadruma] — Vgl. māna .
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Vartikā (वर्तिका):—1. s. u. vartaka .
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Vartikā (वर्तिका):—2. (von varti) f. [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 7, 3, 45, Vārttika von Kātyāyana. 9, Scholiast]
1) Stengel: palāśa [Mahābhārata 1, 1443] nach der Lesart der ed. Bomb. statt vṛntikā der ed. Calc.; = dīrghayaṣṭi [Nīlakaṇṭha] —
2) Docht [Kalikāpurāṇa 68 im Śabdakalpadruma]; vgl. yogavarttikā (lies vartikā und verbessere Zauberdocht). —
3) Farbenpinsel [Śākuntala 86, 17.] aṅgulīkṣaraṇasannavartika [Raghuvaṃśa 19, 19.] citra [MĀLATĪM. 21, 3.] Vgl. varṇa . —
4) Farbe (zum Malen) [Śākuntala 142] fehlerhaft für varṇikā . —
5) Odina pinnata (ajaśṛṅgī) [Rājanirghaṇṭa im Śabdakalpadruma]
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Vārtika (वार्तिक):—m. ein best. Vogel [VĀGBH. 6, 45.] = vartika [Rājanirghaṇṭa im Śabdakalpadruma] — vārttika s. bes.
Vartikā (वर्तिका) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Vaṭṭiā.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
1) Vartikā (वर्तिका):—(nf) a vick.
2) Vārtika (वार्तिक) [Also spelled vartik]:—(nm) a gloss, commentary; ~[kāra] a commentator.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Vārtika (ವಾರ್ತಿಕ):—
1) [noun] that is related to some news or information.
2) [noun] something that is related to one’s profession.
3) [noun] a man who brings or carries news, information; a courier.
4) [noun] a spy carrying secret information; a courier.
5) [noun] one who teaches; a teacher.
6) [noun] a merchant or a man belonging to the merchant community.
7) [noun] a series of explanatory notes or annotations, forming a treatise on a text; a commentary; a critical gloss.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Vartikā (वर्तिका):—n. 1. a paint-brush; 2. the wick of a lamp; 3. a quail; 4. a match-box;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+0): Vartikakara, Vartikapatha, Vartikasamudgaka, Vartikasamudgaka, Vartikavacana.
Full-text (+97): Yogavartika, Varnavartika, Parivartika, Nyayavarttika, Girivartika, Masavartika, Citravartika, Apavartika, Samvartika, Vanavartika, Sarvavartika, Jalavartika, Alpavartika, Mahavartika, Shlokavartika, Pancavartika, Vartaka, Varttika, Patanjalabhashyavartika, Vararuci.
Relevant text
Search found 102 books and stories containing Vartika, Vārtika, Vartikā, Vārtīka, Vārtikā; (plurals include: Vartikas, Vārtikas, Vartikās, Vārtīkas, Vārtikās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
Vasudevavijaya of Vasudeva (Study) (by Sajitha. A)
Kāraka (e): Sampradāna < [Chapter 3 - Vāsudevavijaya—A Grammatical Study]
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Chapter 79 - Painting essentials (Citra-uddeśa)
Indian Antiquary (a journal of oriental research) (by Jas Burgess)
Allusions to Krishna in Patanjali’s Mahabhashya < [Volume 3 (1874)]
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Glories of India (Culture and Civilization) (by Prasanna Kumar Acharya)
Introduction to the Nyaya-sutra of Gautama < [Chapter 7 - Original literatures]
Knowledge of Philology and Grammar < [Chapter 7 - Original literatures]
Introduction to the Samkhya-sutra of Kapila < [Chapter 7 - Original literatures]
Studies in Indian Literary History (by P. K. Gode)
27. The Date of the Advaitabrahmasiddhi of Sadananda Kasmiraka < [Volume 2 (1954)]