Vairin, Vairi, Vairī: 24 definitions
Introduction:
Vairin means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi, biology, Tamil. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Vairin (वैरिन्) refers to “enemies”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.22 (“Description of Pārvatī’s penance”).—Accordingly, as Brahmā narrated to Nārada: “O sage, listen to another surprising influence of the penance of Pārvatī, the mother of the universe. [...] Lions and cows prone to the passions of love, hatred etc. ceased to harass one another, thanks to her greatness. O excellent sage, creatures like cats, mice etc. who are born enemies [i.e., vairin—nisargādvairiṇo] to one another did not exhibit any bad characteristics there. O excellent sage, trees bore fruits, grasses grew in plenty and flowers of variegated nature and colour blossomed there. The entire forest became comparable to Kailāsa as it were the achievement of her penance”
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)
Vairin (वैरिन्) refers to “enemies” (of the king), according to the Ahirbudhnyasaṃhitā, belonging to the Pāñcarātra tradition which deals with theology, rituals, iconography, narrative mythology and others.—Accordingly, “When kings are overpowered by enemies with an army (or: by strong enemies), when cities are burnt down and the Kings’ army is driven away, when people in various districts do not have access to food [and other goods]—if the kingdom is thus oppressed by the enemies’ army, oh Great Sage, and if in this inadequate situation the King’s enemies are unimpeded (avyucchinna-vairin), he should have a sixteen-armed Sudarśana constructed [and properly installed, for his power is] without obstacles”.
Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)
Vairin (वैरिन्) refers to to a “hostile elephant”, according to the 15th century Mātaṅgalīlā composed by Nīlakaṇṭha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.—[Cf. chapter 5, “on marks of the stages of life”]: “14. He has hard wrinkles developed in the saṃdāna, etc.; subject to appropriate attacks of must; not inclined to sleep, with mind hostile (vairi-manasā) to rival elephants; afraid of fumigation in fire; trumpeting, with a great mass of hair on his fore-limbs, fond of military action; this young elephant is a kalyāṇa (‘fine one’) and has reached the fourth stage”.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
Vairin (वैरिन्) refers to the “enemy” (in the form of desires), according to the Aṣṭāvakragītā (5th century BC), an ancient text on spirituality dealing with Advaita-Vedānta topics.—Accordingly, [as Aṣṭavakra says to Janaka]: “Abandoning desire, the enemy (vairin), along with gain, itself so full of loss [vihāya vairiṇaṃ kāmamarthaṃ cānarthasaṃkulam], and the good deeds which are the cause of the other two - practice indifference to everything. Look on such things as friends, land, money, property, wife, and bequests as nothing but a dream or a three or five-day conjuror's show. [...]”.
Vedanta (वेदान्त, vedānta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Vairin (वैरिन्) refers to an “enemy (of the Buddha)”, according to Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter 10).—Accordingly, “[Question: What are the works of Māra?]—[Answer].—[...] Furthermore, if people have had to undergo happiness and misfortune in the course of successive lifetimes, the causes are the fetters as well as king Māra, who is called the enemy of the Buddha (buddha-vairin), the thief of the holy ones. Because he destroys [100a] the actions of all who are ascending the current, because he has a horror of nirvāṇa, he is called Māra”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Vairin (वैरिन्) refers to the “enemies (of desire)”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “[com.—Next he speaks about the enemies (vairān) of desire (lobhasya)]—Tolerance of anger and humility towards pride, moreover straightforwardness towards deception [and] abandonment of attachment, these are the enemies (dviṣa) [com.—vairin] of desire respectively. Yogis continually drive away desire and dislike through equanimity or through the state of non-attachment , and they drive away wrong faith through the application of right faith”.
Synonyms: Vaira, Dviṣa, Arāti.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Biology (plants and animals)
Vairi in India is the name of a plant defined with Salacia reticulata in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices.
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· J. Nutr. (1819)
· Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2002)
· Pharmaceutical Biology (2005)
· Bioorg. Med. Chem.
If you are looking for specific details regarding Vairi, for example chemical composition, pregnancy safety, extract dosage, diet and recipes, health benefits, side effects, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Vairī (वैरी).—m (S) An enemy, 2 also as a Hostile, inimical.
Vairī (वैरी).—m An enemy. a Hostile.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Vairin (वैरिन्).—a. [vairamastyasya ini] Hostile, inimical. -m.
1) An enemy; शौर्ये वैरिणि वज्रमाशु निपतत्वर्थोऽस्तु नः केवलम् (śaurye vairiṇi vajramāśu nipatatvartho'stu naḥ kevalam) Bh. 2.39; महाशनो महापाप्मा विद्ध्येनमिह वैरिणम् (mahāśano mahāpāpmā viddhyenamiha vairiṇam) Bhagavadgītā (Bombay) 3.37; R. 12.14.
2) A hero, brave person.
Vairin (वैरिन्).—mfn. (-rī-riṇī-ri) Hostile. m. (-rī) 1. An enemy. 2. A hero. E. vaira enmity, ini aff.
Vairin (वैरिन्).—i. e. vaira + in, I. adj. 1. Heroic, [Bhartṛhari, (ed. Bohlen.)] 2, 32 (? Böhtl., as on an enemy). 2. Hostile, [Meghadūta, (ed. Gildemeister.)] 100. Ii. m. 1. A hero. 2. An enemy, [Pañcatantra] ii. [distich] 121.
Vairin (वैरिन्).—[adjective] inimical, [masculine] enemy.
1) Vairi (वैरि):—[from vaira] 1. vairi m. an enemy, [Pañcarātra] (perhaps vairiḥ [wrong reading] for vairī).
2) [v.s. ...] 2. vairi in [compound] for vairin.
1) Vairin (वैरिन्):—[from vaira] mfn. hostile, inimical
2) [v.s. ...] m. an enemy, [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.
3) [v.s. ...] a hero, [Horace H. Wilson]
4) [v.s. ...] (iṇī), a female enemy, [Cāṇakya; Kathāsaritsāgara]
Vairin (वैरिन्):—[(rī-riṇī-ri) m.] An enemy; a hero. a. Hostile.
Vairi (वैरि):—m. = vairin Feind: saṃsāravairiḥ (vairī?) [PAÑCAR. 4, 1, 29.]
Vairin (वैरिन्):—(von vaira) adj. feindselig, m. Feind [Amarakoṣa 2, 8, 1, 10.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 729.] [Halāyudha 2, 301.] [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 4, 133. 8, 64.] [Bhagavadgītā 3, 37.] [Mahābhārata 3, 15761. 4, 473. 6, 4019. 13, 2058.] [Harivaṃśa 5539. 8148.] [Rāmāyaṇa 4, 9, 102. 12, 8. 6, 13, 10.] [Spr. (II) 498. 2388. 2698. (I) 2160. 2940, v. l. 3325. 4329. 5319. 5395.] [Raghuvaṃśa 12, 104.] [Kathāsaritsāgara 19, 54. 22, 201. 27, 138. 49, 43. 54, 218.] [Rājataraṅgiṇī 1, 85. 3, 330. 4, 286. 6, 201.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 6, 5, 39. 7, 22. 11, 19. 7, 10, 38.] [Vetālapañcaviṃśati] in [Lassen’s Anthologie (III) 22, 1.] vairipakṣa [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 15, 60.] dṛḍha [Mahābhārata 1, 7128.] niṣkāraṇa [Spr. 2234.] vidhi feindliches Geschick [Meghadūta 100.] vāyunā drumavairiṇā [Rāmāyaṇa Gorresio 2, 120, 25.] vairī na cedbhavati vepathurantarāyaḥ [Sāhityadarpana 56, 16.] sphuṭavairikairava der Sonne [Spr. (II) 1445.] vairiṇī f. [(I) 4540.] [Kathāsaritsāgara 29, 112.] — Vgl. dhātu, pūrva (auch [Pañcatantra 110, 11]), mura, vāta, viṣavairiṇī .
Vairin (वैरिन्) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Vairi, Vairia.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Vairī (वैरी):—(nm) an enemy, a foe, hostile person.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
1) Vairi (वैरि) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Vairin.
Vairi has the following synonyms: Vairia.
2) Vairī (वैरी) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Vajrā.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Vairi (ವೈರಿ):—[adjective] having the feeling hostility, antagonism; hating; antagonistic.
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Vairi (ವೈರಿ):—[noun] a man who hates another and wishes or tries to injure him; a foe; an enemy.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Tamil dictionary
Vairi (வைரி) noun < vairin. Enemy; பகைவன். [pagaivan.]
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Vairi (வைரி) noun < வைரம்¹. [vairam¹.] See வைராகி [vairagi], 3.
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Vairi (வைரி) noun < Urdu bahri. Royal falcon; வல்லூறு. [valluru.] (W.)
Tamil is an ancient language of India from the Dravidian family spoken by roughly 250 million people mainly in southern India and Sri Lanka.
Nepali dictionary
Vairī (वैरी):—n. an enemy; adversary; a foe; adj. hostile; inimical; ill-disposed;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Vairibhayamkara, Vairimcastra, Vairina, Vairinca, Vairinci, Vairincya, Vairini, Vairinu.
Full-text (+77): Purvavairin, Vairita, Dhatuvairin, Vairibhu, Suravairin, Vatavairin, Hridrogavairin, Yakridvairin, Muravairin, Vritravairin, Dridhavairin, Tarakavairin, Vairivira, Vairisimha, Bakavairin, Vairibhayamkara, Kakavairin, Vakavairin, Tatuvairi, Danavavairin.
Relevant text
Search found 24 books and stories containing Vairin, Vairi, Vairī; (plurals include: Vairins, Vairis, Vairīs). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 63 < [Hindi-Kannada-English Volume 3]
Page 120 < [Hindi-Marathi-English Volume 1]
Page 80 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (MDPI)
Assessing Stability of Crutch Users by Non-Contact Methods < [Volume 18, Issue 6 (2021)]
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī)
Verse 4.8.11 < [Part 8 - Compatible & Incompatible Mellows (maitrī-vaira-sthiti)]
Verse 4.8.4 < [Part 8 - Compatible & Incompatible Mellows (maitrī-vaira-sthiti)]
Verse 2.1.234 < [Part 1 - Ecstatic Excitants (vibhāva)]
Sustainable Additive Manufacturing < [Volume 12, Issue 9 (2020)]
Sustainable Additive Manufacturing < [Volume 13, Issue 1 (2021)]
Sustainable Mobility Transition: A SWOT-AHP Analysis of the Case Study of Italy < [Volume 16, Issue 11 (2024)]
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)
VIII. Recollection of Death (maraṇānusmṛti) < [Part 2 - The Eight Recollections according to the Abhidharma]
Bodhisattva quality 22: their mind had no obstacles < [Chapter XII - Unhindered Mind]
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