In Hinduism

Ayurveda (science of life)

Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)

Source: Wisdom Library: Raj Nighantu

Upavartana (उपवर्तन) is a synonym for Deśa (“region”), according to the second chapter (dharaṇyādi-varga) of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu (an Ayurvedic encyclopedia). The Dharaṇyādi-varga covers the lands [viz., Upavartana], soil, mountains, jungles and vegetation’s relations between trees and plants and substances, with their various kinds.

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Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Kavya (poetry)

Source: archive.org: Naisadhacarita of Sriharsa

Upavartana (उपवर्तन) refers to a “country”, and is mentioned in the Naiṣadha-carita 11.28.

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Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.

In Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan Buddhism

Upavartana (उपवर्तन) is the name of a Śrāvaka mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa: one of the largest Kriyā Tantras devoted to Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śākyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Upavartana).

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Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.

Languages of India and abroad

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Upavartana (उपवर्तन).—

1) A place for exercise.

2) A place whether inhabited or not.

3) A district or Pargaṇā.

4) A kingdom (rājya) उपवर्तनमाहर्तुमुद्यतोऽस्म्यहमञ्जसा (upavartanamāhartumudyato'smyahamañjasā) Śiva. B.31.11.

5) A bog, marshy place.

Derivable forms: upavartanam (उपवर्तनम्).

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Upāvartana (उपावर्तन).—

1) Coming or turning back, return; त्वदुपावर्तनशङ्कि मे मनः (tvadupāvartanaśaṅki me manaḥ) (karoti) R.8.53.

2) Revolving, turning round.

3) Approaching.

4) Ceasing.

Derivable forms: upāvartanam (उपावर्तनम्).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Upavartana (उपवर्तन).—(nt.; Pali Upavattana, see below; Sanskrit upavartana, nt., country, Lex., and once Śukasaptati text. orn. p. 340 (24), line 32, virāṭopavartane), land, country (? in Pali, at least later, name of a locality in the Malla country or of the śāl-grove there where Buddha entered nirvāṇa): Divyāvadāna 208.25, 209.3 (tathāgato…pari)nirvāṇāya gamiṣyati Mallānām upavartanaṃ Yamakaśālavanaṃ; Avadāna-śataka i.227.6 (viharati sma Mallānām) upavartane (ms. °tate) Yamakaśālavane; virtually the same Avadāna-śataka ii.197.5; (Ārya-)Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa 580.9(—10) (verses) Mallānām upavartane (text °te), Yamaka- śālakavane madhye nirvāṇaṃ me bhaviṣyati; 580.17 (verse) Yamakaśālakavane tatra Mallānām upavartane (so read for text upadartate!); 598.22—24 (verses) Yamakaśālavane vane caitye makuṭabandhe tu (compare 580.11 caitye makuṭa- vardhane) Mallānām upavartane, parinirvṛte (? read °to or °taś) ca tatrāhaṃ…Occurs in Pali and [Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit] only in reference to the place of the Buddha's parinirvāṇa. In the canonical Pali texts, e.g. Dīghanikāya (Pali) ii.137.3 (compare commentary ii.572—573) yena Kusinārā upavattanaṃ Mallānaṃ sāla- vanaṃ ten(a)…, and compare especially Dpv. 15.70 Kusinārāyaṃ bhagavā Mallānaṃ upavattane, it could be understood [Page141-a+ 71] as the country (of the Mallas); but the comms. seem to have taken it as a place-name, specifically the name of the śāl-grove where the Buddha died. And this is perhaps confirmed by one passage, Dpv. 6.19 yadā ca parinibbāyi saṃbuddho Upavattane, where the gen. Mallānaṃ is not found, and Upa° most naturally would be a name of a place (but see below). In Akanuma's Dictionary of the Proper Names of Indian Buddhism the word is misquoted as Upavattava = Sanskrit °vartava (but the Chinese transcrip- tions quoted end consistently in -tan, supporting °vartana); the Chin. translations seem regularly to interpret it as a common noun, uncultivated land (the word for land usually rendering bhūmi, land country). This may be interpreted as support for use as a common noun, as it is used (rarely) in Sanskrit Note that in [Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit] the name of the grove is clearly Yamakaśāla(ka)vana, q.v.; not so in Pali.Modern editors and interpreters seem unanimously to take Pali Upavattana as name of the grove (see Malalasekara (Dictionary of Pali Proper Names) s.v. for some other references; but the important Dpv. 6.19 is not cited there). On the other hand, Divyāvadāna ed. prints upavartanaṃ with a small initial letter; it fails to record the word in Index or Notes. I am inclined, with some dubiety, to understand the [Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit] word as a common noun, country. Even the Pali word may have had that meaning originally, and in the canonical passages still. Later, the Pali comms. seem clearly to have understood it as the name of the śāl-grove; and in Dpv. 6.19 it looks like a place name. Yet, if the Chin. translation uncultivated (waste, barren) land be accepted, perhaps upavattane might be understood in this sense in that passage.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Upāvartana (उपावर्तन).—i. e. upa-ā -vṛt + ana, n. Return.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Upavartana (उपवर्तन):—[=upa-vartana] [from upa-vṛt] n. ([from] the [Causal]), the act of bringing near, [Sarvadarśana-saṃgraha]

2) [v.s. ...] a place for exercise

3) [v.s. ...] a country (inhabited or not), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

4) Upāvartana (उपावर्तन):—[=upā-vartana] a etc. See [column]3.

5) [=upā-vartana] [from upā-vṛt] b n. the act of coming back, return, [Raghuvaṃśa viii, 52; Rāmāyaṇa; Vātsyāyana]

[Sanskrit to German]

Upavartana in German

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Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Upavartana (ಉಪವರ್ತನ):—

1) [noun] a country; a nation.

2) [noun] a division of a country or state.

3) [noun] a small village situated nearby.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Partial matches: Vartana, Upa.

Full-text: Yamakasala, Ovenaka, Vishaya.

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