Udaharana, Udāharaṇa: 25 definitions
Introduction:
Udaharana means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Udaharan.
Images (photo gallery)
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
1) Udāharaṇa (उदाहरण, “example”) refers to one of the thirty-six “characteristic features” (lakṣaṇa) of perfect ‘poetic compositions’ (kāvyabandha) and ‘dramatic compositions’ (dṛśyakāvya, or simply kāvya). According to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 17, these thirty-six lakṣaṇas act as instructions for composing playwrights. The term is used throughout nāṭyaśāstra literature.
2) Udāharaṇa (उदाहरण, “exaggeration”) refers to ‘employment of exaggerated’ examples or hyperbole . Udāharaṇa represents one of the thirteen garbhasandhi, according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 21. Garbhasandhi refers to the “segments (sandhi) of the development part (garbha)” and represents one of the five segments of the plot (itivṛtta or vastu) of a dramatic composition (nāṭaka).
1) Udāharaṇa (उदाहरण, “parallelism”).—One of the thirty-six lakṣaṇa, or “excellent points of a dramatic composition”;—Description of udāharaṇa: When by a sentence expressing a similar situation a suggestion is made by clever people to accomplish some objects, it is called Prarallelism (udāharaṇa, lit. “example”).
2) Udāharaṇa (उदाहरण).—One of the thirteen elements of the ‘development segment’ (garbhasandhi);—(Description:) A speech with an overstatement is called Exaggeration (udāharaṇa).
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Udāharaṇa (उदाहरण).—A grammatical example in explanation of an interpretation; cf. नैकमुदाहरणमसवर्णग्रहणं प्रयोजयति (naikamudāharaṇamasavarṇagrahaṇaṃ prayojayati) P.VI. 1.11.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Nyaya (school of philosophy)
Udāharaṇa (उदाहरण, “example”) refers to the third of five stages of syllogism (parārthānumāna) also known as “anumāna (inference) intended for another”, according to Annaṃbhaṭṭa’s Tarkasaṃgraha. Anumāna is the second of the four “means of valid knowledge” (pramāṇa), which in turn is classified as the first of the sixteen padārthas (“categories”). Parārtha-anumāna (syllogism) consists of five members. The third member is udāharaṇa. It shows the universal concomitance together with an example.
As for example:
- The mountain is fiery (pratijñā),
- Because it has smoke (hetu),
- Whatever has smoke is fiery. For example, a kitchen (udāharaṇa),
- The mountain has smoke which is invariably concomitant with fire (upanaya),
- Hence, the mountain is fiery (nigamana),
Nyaya (न्याय, nyaya) refers to a school of Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. The Nyaya philosophy is known for its theories on logic, methodology and epistemology, however, it is closely related with Vaisheshika in terms of metaphysics.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Udāharaṇa (उदाहरण):—[udāharaṇam] Catagorical examples
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
In Buddhism
Buddhist philosophy
Udāharaṇa (उदाहरण) refers to an “example” (within a debate), according to Upāyakauśalyahṛdaya, an ancient work on the art of debate composed by Bodhisattva Nāgārjuna.—The first chapter [i.e., “an elucidation of debate (vāda-visadīkaraṇa)”] consists of eight sections which treat respectively of (1) an example (udāharaṇa), (2) a tenet, truth or conclusion (siddhānta), (3) the excellence of speech (vākya praśaṃsā), (4) the defect of speech (vākya-doṣa), (5) the knowledge of inference (anumāna or hetujñāna), (6) the appropriate or opportune speech (samayocita-vākya), (7) the fallacy (hetvābhāsa) and (8) the adoption of a fallacious reason (duṣṭa-vākyānusaraṇa).
Note: The example (udāharaṇa) is necessary to clear the reasons of a disputant and his respondent. It is of two kinds: (1) the affirmative or homogeneous example (anvayi udāharaṇa), and (2) the negative or heterogeneous example (vyatireki udāharaṇa).
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Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Udāharaṇa (उदाहरण) refers to “examples”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “[...] The Bodhisattva Gaganagañja then sustained the jewel-canopy of ten thousand yojanas high over the Lord’s lion throne in the sky, joined the palms of his hands, saluted, and praised the Lord with these suitable verses: ‘[...] (18) [No matter] how much living beings praise (praśaṃsita) the Victorious One (jina) by means of examples (udāharaṇa), it is still an attachment (saṅga) that they see him with respect to the praising. Because his own qualities (svaguṇa) as the Leader (nāyaka) are just like open space (gagamasama), the praising for non-duality (advaya) is to praise the Victorious One. [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
udāharaṇa : (nt.) example; instance.
Udāharaṇa, (nt.) (fr. udāharati) example, instance J. III, 401 (°ṃ āharitvā dassento), 510; Miln. 345; SnA 445; VvA. 297. (Page 134)
udāharaṇa (ဥဒါဟရဏ) [(na) (န)]—
[u+ā+hara+yu]
[ဥ+အာ+ဟရ+ယု]
[Pali to Burmese]
udāharaṇa—
(Burmese text): (က) ထုတ်ဆောင်-မြွက်ဆို-ညွန်ပြ-ခြင်း။ (ခ) ထုတ်ဆောင်အပ်သော။
(Auto-Translation): (a) Issuance - guidance - indication. (b) To be issued.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
udāharaṇa (उदाहरण).—n (S) An example or illustration: also a case or an instance.
udāharaṇa (उदाहरण).—n An example or illustration. An instance.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Udāharaṇa (उदाहरण).—n.
(-ṇaṃ) 1. An example or illustration, an opposite argument, one of five modes of logical reasoning. 2. Declaring, saying. E. ud over, āṅ before hṛ to convey, and lyuṭ affix, or with ghañ affix udāhāra.
Udāharaṇa (उदाहरण).—i. e. ud-ā-hṛ + ana, n. 1. Speaking, [Kumārasaṃbhava, (ed. Stenzler.)] 6, 65. 2. Declaration, [Vikramorvaśī, (ed. Bollensen.)] [distich] 32. 3. An example.
Udāharana (उदाहरन).—[neuter] saying, speech; example.
1) Udaharaṇa (उदहरण):—[=uda-haraṇa] [from uda > und] n. a vessel for drawing water, [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa; Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra]
2) Udāharaṇa (उदाहरण):—[=ud-āharaṇa] [from udā-hṛ] n. the act of relating, saying, declaring, declaration, [Gautama-dharma-śāstra; Kumāra-sambhava; Vikramorvaśī]
3) [v.s. ...] referring a general rule to a special case, an example, illustration, [Sāhitya-darpaṇa; Kāśikā-vṛtti] etc.
4) [v.s. ...] (in [logic]) the example, instance (constituting the third member in a fivefold syllogism), [Tarkasaṃgraha 41; Nyāya; Nyāyakośa]
5) [v.s. ...] exaggeration, [Sāhitya-darpaṇa]
Udāharaṇa (उदाहरण):—[udā+haraṇa] (ṇaṃ) 1. n. An example, an illustration; a declaration.
Udaharaṇa (उदहरण):—(u + ha) m. Gefäss zum Wasserschöpfen [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 9, 1, 2, 6. 9.] [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 9, 2, 23.]
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Udāharaṇa (उदाहरण):—(von har mit ud + ā) n.
1) das Sprechen, Reden: aṅgirasamagraṇyamudāharaṇavastuṣu [Kumārasaṃbhava 6, 65.] Aussage, Geständniss: lalitārthabandhaṃ patre niveśitamudāharaṇaṃ priyāyāḥ [Vikramorvaśī 32.] —
2) die Anwendung einer allgemeinen Regel auf einen besondern Fall, das Anführen eines Beispiels; Beispiel [Amarakoṣa 1, 1, 5, 10.] kimudāharaṇam [Kāśikīvṛtti] zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 1, 1, 56.] ṅiti nāstyudāharaṇamasya [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 6, 1, 16,] [Scholiast] ityādidaśagaṇī paṭhitodāharaṇam [1, 3, 1, Scholiast] sasvaje iti bhāṣyodāharaṇāt [1, 2, 6, Scholiast] in der Calc. Ausg. udāharaṇāvalī [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 4.] udāharaṇa heisst das dritte Glied im fünftheiligen Syllogismus [Colebrooke I, 292.] [morgenländischen Gesellschaft VII, 307.]
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Udāharaṇa (उदाहरण):—
2) [Sāhityadarpana 438. 434.] füge [TARKAS. 32] am Ende hinzu. —
3) steigernde Rede [Sāhityadarpana 368.] [Scholiast] zu [DAŚAR. S. 30, Z. 1.]
Udaharaṇa (उदहरण):—m. Gefäss zum Wasserschöpfen.
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Udāharaṇa (उदाहरण):—n. —
1) das Sprechen , Reden. —
2) das Aussprechen , Hersagen [Gautama's Dharmaśāstra] —
3) Beispiel [241,16.]
Udāharaṇa (उदाहरण) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Udāharaṇa.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Udāharaṇa (उदाहरण) [Also spelled udaharan]:—(nm) an example, instance; illustration; ~[hṛta] illustrated; exemplified.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
Udāharaṇa (उदाहरण) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Udāharaṇa.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Udāharaṇa (ಉದಾಹರಣ):—
1) [noun] = ಉದಾಹರಣೆ [udaharane].
2) [noun] (phil.) the third of the five members of an Indian syllogism.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Udāharaṇa (उदाहरण):—n. 1. an example; illustration; 2. precedence; an instance;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): Ud, Hara, Harana, Uda, U, Ao, Yu, Yu, Aharana, Ou, Uta, A.
Starts with (+5): Udaharanabhava, Udaharanacandrika, Udaharanadarpana, Udaharanadassana, Udaharanadassanattha, Udaharanadosa, Udaharanaghosa, Udaharanalakshana, Udaharanalakshanadidhititika, Udaharanalakshanakroda, Udaharanalakshananugama, Udaharanalakshanarahasya, Udaharanamanjari, Udaharanamatta, Udaharananugama, Udaharanapradipa, Udaharanapubbaka, Udaharanarth, Udaharanartha, Udaharanasadhammiya.
Full-text (+119): Pratyudaharana, Janodaharana, Vyatirekyudaharana, Samudaharana, Udaharanacandrika, Abhyudaharana, Keshavajatakapaddhatyudaharana, Patadhikarodaharana, Nagavem Udaharana, Udaharanasutta, Udaharanattha, Udaharanabhava, Kukkutapotakaudaharana, Udaharanaghosa, Udaharanamatta, Shukranalikodaharana, Tadudaharana, Udaharanadassana, Udaharanadosa, Udaharanapubbaka.
Relevant text
Search found 76 books and stories containing Udaharana, U-a-hara-yu, U-ā-hara-yu, Ud-aharana, Ud-āharaṇa, Uda-haraṇa, Uda-harana, Udāharaṇa, Udāharana, Udaharaṇa; (plurals include: Udaharanas, yus, aharanas, āharaṇas, haraṇas, haranas, Udāharaṇas, Udāharanas, Udaharaṇas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Dvisahasri of Tembesvami (Summary and Study) (by Upadhyay Mihirkumar Sudhirbhai)
Incorporation of Grammar in the Dvisāhasrī < [H. H. Ṭembesvāmī: Erudition]
Contribution of Vachaspati-Mishra to Nyaya Philosophy (by Champak Kalita)
Part 17 - Pañcāvayava (the five members of Syllogism) < [Chapter 3 - The Theory of Knowlegde]
Part 3.7 - Avayavas or Number of Syllogism < [Chapter 2 - The Categories]
Part 16 - Types of Anumāna (inference) < [Chapter 3 - The Theory of Knowlegde]
A critical study of Ānandajñāna’s Tarkasaṅgraha (by Satyan Sharma)
Part 2.12 - The refutation of Pañcāvayava-vākya < [Chapter 3 - Refutations in the Dvitīya Pariccheda]
Anumana in Indian Philosophy (by Sangita Chakravarty)
(C). Avayavas of Anumāna (Indian syllogism) < [Chapter 2 - Treatment of Anumāna in Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika Philosophy]
Anumāna (inference) in Advaita-Vedānta < [Chapter 4 - Treatment of Anumāna in Mīmāṃsā-Vedānta Philosophy]
(C). Avayavas of Anumāna (in Mīmāṃsā-Vedānta Philosophy) < [Chapter 4 - Treatment of Anumāna in Mīmāṃsā-Vedānta Philosophy]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 178 < [Hindi-Assamese-English Volume 1]
Page 67 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Page 21 < [Hindi-Malayalam-English Volume 2]
Nyaya Sutras of Gautama (with commentaries) (by Ganganatha Jha)
Sūtra 1.1.36 (Udāharaṇa or Statement of the Example) < [Section 6 - Reasoning]
Sūtra 1.1.37 (Viparīta or Statement of the Heterogeneous Example) < [Section 6 - Reasoning]
Sūtra 1.1.38 (Upasaṃhāra or Statement of the Re-affirmation) < [Section 6 - Reasoning]