Tyaga, aka: Tyāga; 12 Definition(s)
Introduction
Tyaga means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Tyāga (त्याग).—Is to look on the useful and the useless equally; renunciation from affection, desire and difficulty; giving up of all Karmas and having an equal eye on good and evil;1 result of Jñāna or knowledge; gives the result of Karma, but difficult to achieve;2 leads to Vairāgya.3
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Tyāga (त्याग) refers to the “renunciation”. It is used throughout Dharmaśāstra literature such as the Manusmṛti and the Baudhāyana-dharmasūtra.
Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-śāstra
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Tyāga (त्याग) is a Sanskrit word referring to renunciation of activities, performed with material consciousness.
Source: Wisdom Library: HinduismTyāga is associated with offering. There are three kinds of offerings:
- yāga (sacrifice)
- dāna (giving)
- homa (offering)
Of these, the word yāga refers to principal rite and the other two are associated with subsidiary rites.
Dāna is transferring one’s right over what is given, to the one who is taking. This does not involve any expectation of result (though it has an invisible result, and it ensues only when the result is not desired for).
Homa is offering of havis in Agni. This involves tyāga of what is being offered, with the mention “na mama”, meaning what is being offered is no more mine, it belongs to the Devata (or the pitri as the case may be) to whom the offering is being made[8]. There is no expectation of result in the homa itself, but its result will become part of the result of the entire sacrifice.
Source: Hindupedia: The Hindu EncyclopediaTyāga (त्याग, “abandonment”) refers to giving up of all anxieties for enjoying the fruits of actions; through practice of this kind of tyāga infusing discipline in daily activities the momentary anxiety to enjoy fruits of actions is overcome. It is a subjective renunciation of selfishness and desire. The Tejobindu Upanishad belonging to Krishna- yajurveda explains that in Tyāga (renunciation) one abandons the manifestations or objects of the universe through the cognition of Atman that is Sat and Cit and this is practiced by the wise as the giver of immediate salvation.
Source: WikiPedia: HinduismIn Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Tyāga (त्याग):—Generosity (tyāga) is of two kinds:
- Making a gift by giving up a material object (āmiṣa);
- obtaining bodhi by giving up the fetters (saṃyojana).
The former is ‘abandoning’ insofar as it rejects avarice (mātsarya); by contrast, the latter, the ‘abandoning’ of the fetters, plays the role of cause and condition (hetupratyaya). It is necessary to reach the seventh ground in order to abandon the fetters.
According to chapter 36, there are two kinds of abandonment (tyāga):
- abandonment consisting of generosity (dāna-tyāga);
- abandonment of all the disturbing emotions (sarvakleśa-tyāga).
Abandonment consisting of generosity is of two kinds: i) material gifts (āmiṣadāna); ii) gift of the Dharma (dharmadāna) or preaching. Altogether these three kinds of abandonment make up abandonment (tyāga).
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
General definition (in Buddhism)
Tyāga (त्याग, “generosity”) or Tyāgānusmṛti refers to one of the “six recollections” (anusmṛti) as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha (section 54). The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (eg., tyāga). The work is attributed to Nagarguna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.
Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-samgrahaIn Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Tyāga (त्याग, “renunciation”).—Ahiṃsa-vrata practiced by the Śvetāmbras refers to the renunciation of killing. Basically, there are five kinds of tyāgas included in the eleven pratimās viz.
- sacitta-tyāga pratimā, the stage of renouncing uncooked food;
- ārambha-tyāga pratimā, the stage of abandonment of all professional activity;
- parigraha-tyāga pratimā, the stage of transferring publicly one’s property to a son or relative;
- anumati-tyāga pratimā, the stage of leaving the household and refraining from counselling in household matters,
- uddiṣṭa-tyāga pratimā, the stage of not eating food especially prepared for oneself.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
tyāga (त्याग).—m (S) Leaving, abandoning, forsaking, quitting. 2 The remuneration made to the gōndhaḷī, bharāḍī, ḍaurakarū &c. for their services.
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarytyāga (त्याग).—m Leaving, quitting, abandoning.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-EnglishMarathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit-English dictionary
Tyāga (त्याग).—[tyaj-bhāve ghañ]
1) Leaving, forsaking, abandoning, deserting, separation; न माता न पिता न स्त्री न पुत्रस्त्यागमर्हति (na mātā na pitā na strī na putrastyāgamarhati) Ms.8.389;9.79.
2) Giving up, resigning, renouncing; Ms.1.112; सर्वकर्मफलत्यागं ततः कुरु यतात्मवान् (sarvakarmaphalatyāgaṃ tataḥ kuru yatātmavān) Bg.12.11.
3) Gift, donation, giving away as charity; करे श्लाघ्यस्त्याग (kare ślāghyastyāga) Bh.2.65; वित्तं त्यागनियुक्तम् (vittaṃ tyāganiyuktam) (durlabham) H. 1.139; त्यागाय संभृतार्थानाम् (tyāgāya saṃbhṛtārthānām) R.1.7; Pt.1.169.
4) Liberality, generosity; Ms.2.97; R.1.22.
5) Secretion, excretion.
6) Dismissing, discharging.
7) Sacrificing oneself; मिथो यत् त्यागमुभयासो अग्मन् (mitho yat tyāgamubhayāso agman) Rv.4.24.3.
8) A sage.
Derivable forms: tyāgaḥ (त्यागः).
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryTyāga (त्याग).—m.
(-gaḥ) 1. Gift, donation. 2. Abandoning, leaving, parting from, separation, deserting, &c. 3. A sage, one who separates himself from worldly thoughts. E. tyaj to abandon, bhāve ghañ aff.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionarySanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family. Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Relevant definitions
Starts with: Tyagabhoga, Tyagagata, Tyaganem, Tyaganusmriti, Tyagapatra, Tyagaraja, Tyagashila, Tyagashilata, Tyagavant, Tyagayuta.
Ends with (+14): Adhikaratyaga, Antartyaga, Anumatityaga, Arambhatyaga, Atmatyaga, Bhojanatyaga, Dehatyaga, Deshatyaga, Deyadharma-parityaga, Dharmatyaga, Karmatyaga, Karmmatyaga, Kleshatyaga, Mahatyaga, Malamutraparityaga, Namatyaga, Parigrahatyaga, Parityaga, Pranatyaga, Pratyaga.
Full-text (+38): Tyagashila, Tanutyaga, Dehatyaga, Tyaganusmriti, Shastratyaga, Pranatyana, Tyagima, Pratima, Karmmatyaga, Svadharmmatyaga, Shariratyaga, Parityaga, Tyagayuta, Stanatyaga, Dharmatyaga, Uttyaga, Atmatyaga, Durmukha, Tyagapatra, Bhojanatyaga.
Relevant text
Search found 23 books and stories containing Tyaga, Tyāga; (plurals include: Tyagas, Tyāgas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)
V.3 Abandonment of the afflicting emotions (kleśa-tyaga) < [V. Recollection of abandonment (tyāgānusmṛti)]
I. Lists of recollections (anusmṛti or anussati) < [Preliminary note on the Eight Recollections]
Part 1 - Generosity of the Dharma < [Chapter XX - The Virtue of Generosity and Generosity of the Dharma]
Lalitopakhyana (Lalita Mahatmya) (by G.V. Tagare)
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 11.59 < [Section VI - Offences: their Classification]
Verse 8.389 < [Section XLVIII - Laws relating to Civic Misdemeanours]
Brihad Bhagavatamrita (by Śrīla Sanātana Gosvāmī)
Verse 2.2.208 < [Chapter 2 - Jñāna: Knowledge]
Chapter 18 - The Perfection of Renunciation < [Chapter 1 - The Bhagavad-gita]
Tejobindu Upanishad of Krishna-yajurveda (by K. Narayanasvami Aiyar)