Turaga: 24 definitions
Introduction:
Turaga means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: Wisdom Library: Varāha-purāṇaTuraga (तुरग) is the name of a mountain situated at lake Mānasa and mount Gandhamādana, according to the Varāhapurāṇa chapter 75. The Gandhamādana mountain lies on the eastern side of mount Meru, which is one of the seven mountains located in Jambūdvīpa, ruled over by Āgnīdhra, a grandson of Svāyambhuva Manu, who was created by Brahmā, who was in turn created by Nārāyaṇa, the unknowable all-pervasive primordial being.
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationTuraga (तुरग) refers to the “horses” (constituted by the Vedas), according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.5.9 (“Śiva’s campaign”).—Accordingly, after Śiva mounted his divine chariot: “[...] He was then eulogised by the gods, Gandharvas, serpents, sages, Viṣṇu, Brahmā and the guardians of the quarters. Śiva, the granter of boons, surrounded by the groups of damsels, experts in music, shone well. Glancing at the charioteer when he mounted the chariot concocted with everything in the world, the horses (turaga) constituted by the Vedas fell headlong to the ground. [...]”
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana IndexTuraga (तुरग).—A white horse came out of the churning of the ocean; claimed by the Sun god.*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 250. 3; 251. 3.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Source: Prācyā: Animals and animal products as reflected in Smṛti textsTuraga (तुरग) or Aśva refers to the animal “Horse” (Equus caballus).—The Smṛtis mention several domestic as well as wild animals that are enumerated in context of specifying expiation for killing them, the flesh being used as a dietary article to give satisfaction to the Manes (Pitṛs) in Śrāddha rites, the law of transmigration due to various sins committed as well as in the context of specifying gifts to be given on various occasions. These animals [viz., Turaga] are chiefly mentioned in the Manusmṛti, Parāśarasmṛti [Chap.6], Gautamasmṛti [17.2 and 15.1], Śātātapasmṛti [II.45-54], Uśānasmṛti [IX.7-9; IX.12-13], Yājñavalkyasmṛti [I.170-171; I.175; I.258- 260], Viṣṇusmṛti [51.3;51.6;51.26;51.33;80.3-14], Uttarāṅgirasasmṛti [X.15-17], Prajāpatismṛti [Śrāddhatyājyavastuvarṇanam. 138-143], 9 Kāśyapasmṛti [Section on Prāyaścittavarṇanam], Vṛddha Hārītasmṛti [6.253-255] and Kātyāyanasmṛti [27.11].
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)
Source: Shodhganga: Portrayal of Animal Kingdom (Tiryaks) in Epics An Analytical studyTuraga (तुरग) (lit. “one who is going quickly”) is a synonym (another name) for the Horse (Aśva), according to scientific texts such as the Mṛgapakṣiśāstra (Mriga-pakshi-shastra) or “the ancient Indian science of animals and birds” by Hamsadeva, containing the varieties and descriptions of the animals and birds seen in the Sanskrit Epics such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by VarahamihiraTuraga (तुरग) refers to “horses”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 7), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “If [Mercury] should cut through the constellations of Uttaraphālguni (sacred to Āryama, the Sun), of Kṛttikā (sacred to Agni, the fire), of Uttarabhadra and of Bharaṇi (sacred to Yama), all living creatures will be afflicted with disease in blood, in flesh, in bones and the like. If he should cut through the constellations of Aśvinī (sacred to the Aśvinī Devas), of Śatabhiṣaja (sacred to Varuṇa), of Mūla and Revatī, tradesmen, physicians, boatmen, creatures of water and horses [i.e., turaga] will suffer”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)
Source: archive.org: Hindu MathematicsTuraga (तुरग) represents the number 7 (seven) in the “word-numeral system” (bhūtasaṃkhyā), which was used in Sanskrit texts dealing with astronomy, mathematics, metrics, as well as in the dates of inscriptions and manuscripts in ancient Indian literature.—A system of expressing numbers by means of words arranged as in the place-value notation was developed and perfected in India in the early centuries of the Christian era. In this system the numerals [e.g., 7—turaga] are expressed by names of things, beings or concepts, which, naturally or in accordance with the teaching of the Śāstras, connote numbers.
Ganitashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, gaṇitaśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science of mathematics, algebra, number theory, arithmetic, etc. Closely allied with astronomy, both were commonly taught and studied in universities, even since the 1st millennium BCE. Ganita-shastra also includes ritualistic math-books such as the Shulba-sutras.
Vastushastra (architecture)
Source: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (vastu)Turaga (तुरग) refers to one of the hundred types of Temples (in ancient Indian architecture), according to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.—It is quite difficult to say about a definite number of varieties of Hindu temples but in the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa hundred varieties of temples have been enumerated. For example, Turaga. These temples are classified according to the particular shape, amount of storeys and other common elements, such as the number of pavilions, doors and roofs.
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
Sports, Arts and Entertainment (wordly enjoyments)
Source: archive.org: Syainika Sastra of Rudradeva with English Translation (art)Turaga (तुरग) refers to “horses”, according to the Śyainika-śāstra: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by Rājā Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.—Accordingly, “Hunting on horseback (āśvina) represents one of the eight subdivisions of Hunting (mṛgayā). [...] Hunting on horseback leads to intense delight. In this kind, running animals are killed with arrows and with the help of horses (turaga). The ground should be without mud and without stones, without trees, and without pits, the appropriate time being from the middle of the cold season to the middle of Jyaiṣṭha. [...]”.
This section covers the skills and profiencies of the Kalas (“performing arts”) and Shastras (“sciences”) involving ancient Indian traditions of sports, games, arts, entertainment, love-making and other means of wordly enjoyments. Traditionally these topics were dealt with in Sanskrit treatises explaing the philosophy and the justification of enjoying the pleasures of the senses.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: academia.edu: The Structure and Meanings of the Heruka MaṇḍalaTuraga (तुरग) is the name of a Vīra (hero) who, together with the Ḍākinī named Turagī forms one of the 36 pairs situated in the Medinīcakra, according to the 10th century Ḍākārṇava chapter 15. Accordingly, the medinīcakra refers to one of the three divisions of the dharma-puṭa (‘dharma layer’), situated in the Herukamaṇḍala. The 36 pairs of Ḍākinīs and Vīras [viz., Turaga] are yellow in color; the shapes of their faces are in accordance with their names; they have four arms; they hold a skull bowl, a skull staff, a small drum, and a knife.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
India history and geography
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossaryTuraga.—(IE 7-1-2), ‘seven’. Note: turaga is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionaryturaga : (m.) a horse.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryturaga (तुरग).—m S A horse. Ex. turaṅga ka- rōni prabhañjana || karavēla sarvatra gamana ||.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishturaga (तुरग).—m A horse.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryTuraga (तुरग).—[tureṇa gacchati gam-ḍa]
1) A horse; तुरगखुरहतस्तथा हि रेणुः (turagakhurahatastathā hi reṇuḥ) Ś.1.31; R.1.42;3.51.
2) The mind, thought.
-gī A mare.
Derivable forms: turagaḥ (तुरगः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryTuraga (तुरग).—m.
(-gaḥ) 1. A horse. 2. The mind. E. tvara speed, velocity, and ga what goes, va changed to u. f. (-gī) 1. A plant, (Physalis flexuosa:) see aśvagandha. 2. A mare. E. ṅīṣ added to turaga tureṇa vegena gacchati gama-ḍa .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryTuraga (तुरग).—[tura + -ga], 1. m. A horse, [Pañcatantra] i. [distich] 314. 2. f. gī, A mare, [Śatruṃjayamāhātmya, (ed. A. Weber.)] 14, 112.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryTuraga (तुरग).—[masculine] a horse (lit. = seq.); [feminine] ī a mare.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Turaga (तुरग):—[=tura-ga] [from tura > tur] m. ‘going quickly’, a horse, [Mahābhārata i; Pañcatantra; Śakuntalā] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] (hence) the number 7 [Chandaḥ-sūtra vii, 1 [Scholiast or Commentator]]
3) [v.s. ...] the mind, thought, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryTuraga (तुरग):—(gaḥ) 1. m. A horse; the mind. f. (gī) Physalis flexuosa; a mare.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Turaga (तुरग) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Turaya.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusTuraga (ತುರಗ):—
1) [noun] a large, solid-hoofed, herbivorous quadruped, Equus caballus, domesticated since prehistoric times, bred in a number of varieties, and used for carrying or pulling loads, for riding, and for racing; a horse.
2) [noun] (pros.) an alliteration of conjunct consonants occurring between the first two vowels of each line of a verse.
3) [noun] the symbol for the number seven.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+19): Turaga-sadhanika, Turagabrahmacarya, Turagabrahmacaryaka, Turagabrahmacaryyaka, Turagabrahmacharya, Turagabrahmacharyaka, Turagabrahmacharyyaka, Turagadaitya, Turagadala, Turagadanava, Turagagandha, Turagakanta, Turagakantamukha, Turagakriyavant, Turagakriyavat, Turagalilaka, Turagamedha, Turagamukha, Turaganana, Turagandha.
Ends with: Bhadraturaga, Caturaga, Harituraga, Jalaturaga, Makhaturaga, Shvetaturaga, Sitaturaga, Subhagaturaga, Yajnaturaga.
Full-text (+45): Turagamedha, Turagopacaraka, Turagaroha, Turagaraksha, Turagagandha, Turagapriya, Turagapataka, Turagabrahmacaryaka, Turaganana, Turagakanta, Turagaparicaraka, Turagadanava, Turagamukha, Turagalilaka, Turagadaitya, Turagakriyavat, Turaganilatala, Turagavahyali, Turagin, Turagakantamukha.
Relevant text
Search found 13 books and stories containing Turaga, Tura-ga; (plurals include: Turagas, gas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī)
Verse 4.6.7 < [Part 5 - Dread (bhayānaka-rasa)]
The history of Andhra country (1000 AD - 1500 AD) (by Yashoda Devi)
Part 3 - Pota I (A.D. 1161-1190) < [Chapter III - The Chagis (A.D. 1100-1477)]
Animal Kingdom (Tiryak) in Epics (by Saranya P.S)
Nitiprakasika (Critical Analysis) (by S. Anusha)
Puranic encyclopaedia (by Vettam Mani)
Book Reviews < [April – June, 2001]
Book Reviews < [July – September 1991]
National Integration and Constitutional < [January 1967]