Turanga, Turaṅga, Turamga: 13 definitions

Introduction:

Turanga means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Buddhism, Pali, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

In Hinduism

Ayurveda (science of life)

Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)

Source: Shodhganga: Portrayal of Animal Kingdom (Tiryaks) in Epics An Analytical study

Turaṅga (तुरङ्ग) (lit. “one who is going quickly”) is a synonym (another name) for the Horse (Aśva), according to scientific texts such as the Mṛgapakṣiśāstra (Mriga-pakshi-shastra) or “the ancient Indian science of animals and birds” by Hamsadeva, containing the varieties and descriptions of the animals and birds seen in the Sanskrit Epics such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata.

Ayurveda book cover
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Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

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Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira

Turaṅga (तुरङ्ग) refers to “horses”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 5), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “If there should be both lunar and solar eclipses in one month, princes will suffer both from dissensions among their own army and from wars. [...] If the eclipses should fall within lunar month of Māgha, persons noted for filial duty, the descendants of Vasiṣṭha, men acting up to the Vedic principles, elephant and horses [i.e., turaṅga] will suffer distress; the people of Vaṅga of Aṅga, and of Benares will be afflicted with miseries; and there will be rain suited to the wants of the ryots”.

Jyotisha book cover
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Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

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Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Source: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (natya)

Turaṅga (तुरङ्ग) or Turaṅgagati refers to the “gait of the horse” and represents one of the various Gatis (“way of walking”) (in Indian Dramas), according to the Abhinayadarpaṇa.—Accordingly, gaits (gatis) are explained along with some particular hand gestures. It shows that footsteps are to be followed by some hand postures. According to the Abhinayadarpaṇa, in the gait of turaṅga i.e horse, the śikhara and patāka hands should be hold with left and right hands respectively.

Natyashastra book cover
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Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

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Sports, Arts and Entertainment (wordly enjoyments)

[«previous next»] — Turanga in Arts glossary
Source: archive.org: Syainika Sastra of Rudradeva with English Translation (art)

Turaṅga (तुरङ्ग) refers to “horses” (employed in hunting), according to the Śyainika-śāstra: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by Rājā Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.—Accordingly, “Hunting on horseback (āśvina) represents one of the eight subdivisions of Hunting (mṛgayā). [...] But something should be said in brief about hunting, for the diffusion of its knowledge. [...] Five or six horsemen are quite enough for hunting rhinoceros. The horses (turaṅga) should be quiet and well-trained in their motion. A horseman should strike the rhinoceros with small darts in quick succession on the back. [...]”.

Arts book cover
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This section covers the skills and profiencies of the Kalas (“performing arts”) and Shastras (“sciences”) involving ancient Indian traditions of sports, games, arts, entertainment, love-making and other means of wordly enjoyments. Traditionally these topics were dealt with in Sanskrit treatises explaing the philosophy and the justification of enjoying the pleasures of the senses.

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Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

[«previous next»] — Turanga in Pali glossary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

turaṅga : (m.) a horse.

Pali book cover
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Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

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Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

turaṅga (तुरंग).—m (Tronk, Port. or Dutch.) A jail or prison.

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turaṅga (तुरंग).—m S A horse. Ex. turaṅga ka- rōni prabhañjana || karavēla sarvatra gamana ||.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

turaṅga (तुरंग).—m A horse.

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turaṅga (तुरंग).—m A prison, jail.

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Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Turaṅga (तुरङ्ग).—[tureṇa gacchati, gam-kha mum vā ḍicca]

1) A horse; भानुः सकृद्युक्ततुरङ्ग एव (bhānuḥ sakṛdyuktaturaṅga eva) Ś.5.5; R.3.38;13.3.

2) A name for the number 'seven'.

3) The heart, mind.

-gī A mare.

Derivable forms: turaṅgaḥ (तुरङ्गः).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Turaṅga (तुरङ्ग).—m.

(-ṅgaḥ) 1. A horse. 2. The mind, considerd as the seat of feeling as well as intellect, the heart. E. tvara speedily, and ga what goes. f. (-ṅgī) 1. A plant: see turagī and turagagandhā. 2. A mare. E. ṅīṣ added to the preceding.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Turaṅga (तुरङ्ग):—(ṅgaḥ) 1. m. A horse; the mind. f. (ṅgī) Physalis flexuosa.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Turaṅga (तुरङ्ग) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Turaṃga.

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Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Prakrit-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary

Turaṃga (तुरंग) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Turaṅga.

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Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.

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Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Turaṃga (ತುರಂಗ):—[noun] = ತುರಗ [turaga]; 4. (rhet.) a kind of composition.

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Turaṃga (ತುರಂಗ):—[noun] a building for the confinement of persons held while awaiting trial, persons sentenced after conviction, etc.; a prison; a jail.

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Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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