Tukhara, Tukhāra: 9 definitions
Introduction:
Tukhara means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: JatLand: List of Mahabharata people and placesTukhāra (तुखार) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. II.47.26, III.48.21, III.174.12, VI.10.66, VIII.51.18) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Tukhāra) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by VarahamihiraTukhāra (तुखार) is another name for Tuṣāra, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 16) (“On the planets—graha-bhaktiyoga”), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “The Moon presides over citadels fortified by hills or by water, over Kosala, Bharukaccha, the sea, the city of Roma, the country of Tuṣāra (or Tukhāra), dwellers in forests, the islands of Taṅgaṇa, Hala and Strīrājya in the big seas. She presides over sweet juice, flowers, fruits, water, salt, gems, conch shells, pearls, creatures of water, paddy, barley, medicinal plants, wheat, Somayajis, kings attacked in the rear, and Brāhmaṇas. [...]”
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita SastraTukhāra (तुखार) or Andhradeśa is the name of a territority mentioned as one of the “low places of birth”, which represents one of the five dreadful things mentioned in the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra chapter XL.1.4. Accordingly, “in regard to Buddha’s mundane qualities (laukikaguṇa), no one is able to attain them because he has rooted out dreadful things at their very roots. These dreadful things are: (2) a low place of birth (nīcajāti-sthāna), for example: Teou-k’ie’lo (Tukhāra)”.
The Tukhāras were designated by Hiuan-tsang under the name Tou-houo-lo (formerly T’ou-houo-lo) according to Kumārajīva’s note, the land of the Lesser Yue-tche: an important piece of information in S. Lévi, Les Tokharien and commented upon by P Pelliot, Tokharien et koutchéen. A Buddhist prediction often repeated attributes the future disappearance of the Holy Dharma to foreign kings of western origin, Scythian, Parthian, Greek and Tuṣāsa, variaint of Tukhāra.
Source: archive.org: Bulletin of the French School of the Far East (volume 5)Tukhāra (तुखार) (in Chinese: Teou-k'ia-lo) is the name of an ancient kingdom associated with Pūrvaphalgunī (or Pūrvaphalgunīnakṣatra) and Uttaraphalgunī (or Uttaraphalgunīnakṣatra), as mentioned in chapter 18 of the Candragarbha: the 55th section of the Mahāsaṃnipāta-sūtra, a large compilation of Sūtras (texts) in Mahāyāna Buddhism partly available in Sanskrit, Tibetan and Chinese.—Chapter 18 deals with geographical astrology and, in conversation with Brahmarāja and others, Buddha explains how he entrusts the Nakṣatras [e.g., Pūrvaphalgunī and Uttaraphalgunī] with a group of kingdoms [e.g., Tukhāra] for the sake of protection and prosperity.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryTukhāra (तुखार).—
1) Name of a people inhabiting the in Vindhya mountain; cf. Vikr.18.93.
2) Tukhār horse; निशम्य तुक्खारखुरक्षतायाः क्षितेस्तनुत्वादिव यस्य कीर्तिम् (niśamya tukkhārakhurakṣatāyāḥ kṣitestanutvādiva yasya kīrtim) Vikr.9.116.
Derivable forms: tukhāraḥ (तुखारः).
See also (synonyms): tukkhāra, tuṣāra.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryTukhāra (तुखार).—m. pl. The name of a people, [Rāmāyaṇa] 4, 44, 14; also written tuṣāra tuṣāra, [Rāmāyaṇa] 1, 56, 3 Gorr.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English DictionaryTukhāra (तुखार):—(often spelt tuṣāra See also tuḥkh and tukkh) m. [plural] Name of a people (northwest of Madhya-deśa), [Atharva-veda.Pariś. li; Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa etc.]
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Full-text: Tukkhara, Tuhkhara, Tushara, Jinarshabha, Sogdiana, Uttaraphalguni, Purvaphalguni.
Relevant text
Search found 15 books and stories containing Tukhara, Tukhāra; (plurals include: Tukharas, Tukhāras). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Buddhist records of the Western world (Xuanzang) (by Samuel Beal)
Chapter 16 - Country of Ki-shwang-na (Kesh) < [Book I - Thirty-Four Countries]
Chapter 32 - Country of Kie-chi (Gachi or Gaz) < [Book I - Thirty-Four Countries]
Chapter 17 - Country of Ta-mi (Termed) < [Book I - Thirty-Four Countries]
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)
IV. How do we know that the Buddha is fearless? < [Part 1 - The four fearlessnesses of the Buddha according to the Abhidharma]
Appendix 2 - A Buddhist view on the land of India < [Chapter XL - The Four Fearlessnesses and the Four Unobstructed Knowledges]
Introduction to third volume < [Introductions]
List of Mahabharata people and places (by Laxman Burdak)
A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms (by Fa-Hien)
The travels of Fa-Hian (400 A.D.) (by Samuel Beal)
Kali < [Fourth Section]
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