Trayodashi, Trayodaśi, Trayas-dashi: 14 definitions
Introduction:
Trayodashi means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Trayodaśi can be transliterated into English as Trayodasi or Trayodashi, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Trayodaśī (त्रयोदशी) or Trayodaśa refers to the “thirteenth day”, according to the Śivapurāṇa.
In the month of the Bhādra (August-September) in chapter 2.2.15.—“firmly resolved in her desire to secure Śiva as her husband, she (viz., Devī as Satī) propitiated him in her own house with the permission of her mother. [...] After worshipping Śiva with various fruits and flowers on the thirteenth day [Trayodaśī] in the dark half of Bhādra she took only water on the fourteenth day”.
In the month of Caitra (March-April) in chapter 2.2.18.—“[...] in the bright half of the month of Caitra on the thirteenth day [Trayodaśī] when the star was Uttarā Phalguni on a Sunday, lord Śiva started. Going ahead, with all the Devas, led by Brahmā and Viṣṇu and accompanied by the sages, Śiva shone brilliantly”.
In the month of Caitra (March-April) in chapter 2.2.20:—“[...] if anyone visits this holy site on the thirteenth day in the bright half of Caitra when the star is Uttarāphālgunī and the day is Sunday, may all his sins be quelled O Śiva; may his merits increase and may his ailments disappear”.
Trayodaśi (त्रयोदशि).—As a Śakti resident in Śodasapatrābja.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa IV. 32. 15.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
Trayodaśī (त्रयोदशी) refers to one of the various “lunar days” (tithi):—There are approximately 29.5 lunar days in a lunar month. The first fifteen days begin with the first phase of the waxing moon (pratipat) and end with the full moon (pūrṇimā). [...] In accordance with the lunar day, one would utter, [for example, trayodaśī-tithau].
Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Trayodaśī (त्रयोदशी) refers to the “thirteenth (form of Kālī)”, according to the Ambāmatasaṃhitā verse 19.32-34ab.—Accordingly, “(You who are) born as the Fire who is Mother Time and reside within time and eternity! (You who are) linked to Kālikā's Transmission in the maṇḍala of the Twelve Kālīs! (You are) the thirteenth (trayodaśī) form (of Kālī) who burns the Triple World in the centre (of the maṇḍala). (You are) emanation, persistence and withdrawal in the Great Sequence, called the Nameless and abide as awakened consciousness in the maṇḍala that awakens the Command”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Toxicology (Study and Treatment of poison)
Trayodaśī (त्रयोदशी) is taken into consideration when ascertaining the recovery for a person to be bitten by snake, as taught in the Kāśyapa Saṃhitā: an ancient Sanskrit text from the Pāñcarātra tradition dealing with both Tantra and Viṣacikitsā—an important topic from Āyurveda which deals with the study of Toxicology (Agadatantra or Sarpavidyā).—The malignant asterisms and baneful lunar phases and astral combinations, with reference to snake-bite, are discussed in the tail-end of the fourth Adhyāya. [...] The Kāśyapasaṃhitā mentions the following details regarding the Tithi (Date):—The pañcamī, ṣaṣṭhī, aṣṭamī and the day when there is no tithi of both the pakṣas bode well for recovery for a person to be bitten by snake. More so Dangerous are the pañcamī and trayodaśī of kṛṣṇapakṣa.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Trayodaśī (त्रयोदशी) refers to the “thirteenth (level)”, according to the 10th-century Ḍākārṇava-tantra: one of the last Tibetan Tantric scriptures belonging to the Buddhist Saṃvara tradition consisting of 51 chapters.—Accordingly: [while explaining the body circle (kāyacakra)]: “[...] The first Yoginī in that circle is the one [who] emerged in the beginning (Vārāhī)—the twelve [classes of Yoginīs] are to be discerned by her; [they] rotate in [the twelve circles representing] the pīṭha, upapīṭha, [and so on]. The other [Yoginīs] residing at the gates and corners are [expressive of] the thirteenth Level (trayodaśi-bhūmi) [śeṣā trayodaśī bhūmi]. [Every Yoginī is] to be discerned with a name starting with ‘Vajra’ at the time of offering and praise. [This is] also the case of [the names of] the heroes. [...]”.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
trayōdaśī (त्रयोदशी).—f S The thirteenth day of the lunar fortnight.
trayōdaśī (त्रयोदशी).—f The 13th day of the lunar fort-night.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Trayodaśī (त्रयोदशी).—the thirteenth day of a lunar fortnight.
Trayodaśī is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms trayas and daśī (दशी).
1) Trayodaśī (त्रयोदशी):—[=trayo-daśī] [from trayo-daśa > trayo > traya] f. the 13th day of a half-moon, [Manu-smṛti] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] Name of a kind of gesture, [Purāṇa-sarvasva]
Trayodaśī (त्रयोदशी) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Terasī.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Trayodaśī (त्रयोदशी):—(nf) the thirteenth day of the lunar fortnight.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Trayōdaśi (ತ್ರಯೋದಶಿ):—[noun] the thirteenth lunar day following a full moon day or new moon day.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Trayodaśī (त्रयोदशी):—n. thirteenth lunar day;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Trayo, Dashi, Trayas.
Starts with: Trayodashibhumi, Trayodashika, Trayodashin.
Full-text (+13): Madanatrayodashi, Maghatrayodashi, Yamadarshanatrayodashi, Anangatrayodashi, Trayodashika, Trayodashibhumi, Pakshapradosha, Tithi, Maghatrayodashishraddha, Yamadarshanatrayodashivrata, Bahunetra, Rudrasnanatirtha, Shanitrayodashivrata, Rudragareshvara, Tidasa, Tirayotaci, Trayodashin, Trayodasha, Terasi, Mahavaruni.
Relevant text
Search found 54 books and stories containing Trayodashi, Trayas-dashi, Trayas-daśī, Trayas-dasi, Trayo-dashi, Trayo-daśī, Trayo-dasi, Trayodaśi, Trayodasi, Trayōdaśī, Trayodaśī, Trayōdaśi; (plurals include: Trayodashis, dashis, daśīs, dasis, Trayodaśis, Trayodasis, Trayōdaśīs, Trayodaśīs, Trayōdaśis). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Garuda Purana (by Manmatha Nath Dutt)
Chapter CXVII - The Ananga trayodasi Vratam < [Brihaspati (Nitisara) Samhita]
Chapter CXXXVII - The Damanaka Tryodasi Vratas < [Brihaspati (Nitisara) Samhita]
Chapter CXVI - Enumeration of the names of Vratas (vows and penances) commenced < [Brihaspati (Nitisara) Samhita]
Cidgaganacandrika (study) (by S. Mahalakshmi)
Verse 247-253 [Twelve Śaktis] < [Chapter 4 - Fourth Vimarśa]
Verse 261 [Śakti shines as Prakāśa-Ānanda] < [Chapter 4 - Fourth Vimarśa]
Shringara-manjari Katha (translation and notes) (by Kumari Kalpalata K. Munshi)
Section 7.13 - trayodashi muladeva-kathanika < [Sanskrit text]
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 3.273 < [Section XXI - Relative Merits of the Offering-Materials]
Verse 3.274 < [Section XXI - Relative Merits of the Offering-Materials]
Verse 3.47 < [Section V - Duties of Marital Life]
Vratas depicted in the Gangajala (study) (by Maitreyee Goswami)
Part 3.3 - A study on the Caitra Madana Trayodaśī Vrata < [Chapter 4]
Part 2.7 - A study on the Yugādi-vrata < [Chapter 4]
Part 3.5 - Discussion on Śivarātri-vrata < [Chapter 3]
AYU (Journal of Research in Ayurveda)
Festivals of Ayurveda: Scope and challenges < [Volume 44 (1); 2023 (Jan-Mar)]