Tomara: 29 definitions
Introduction:
Tomara means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Shilpashastra (iconography)
Source: Wisdom Library: Śilpa-śāstraTomara (तोमर, “javelin”):—In Hindu iconology (śilpaśāstra), this symbol has the same characteristics as the spear, which is mental focus on the goal. It is also one of six items that Agni is displayed carrying. Agni, one of the most important Vedic gods, represents divine illumination
Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśāstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaTomara (तोमर).—A place of habitation situated on the northeast part of Bhārata. (Śloka 69, Chapter 9, Bhīṣma Parva).
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationTomara (तोमर) refers to “spikes” (i.e., a weapon), according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.2.36. Accordingly, as Brahmā narrated to Nārada:—“on hearing these words of Dakṣa. the gods including Indra set off immediately in their readiness to fight. [...] A great fight ensued between the Devas and the Gaṇas. Those powerful warriors fought with each other with sharp spikes [tīkṣṇa-tomara], iron clubs etc.”.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana IndexTomara (तोमर).—An eastern hill tribe;1 an eastern kingdom;2 country of the, watered by the Nalinī.3
- 1) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 16. 51; Matsya-purāṇa 121. 58; Vāyu-purāṇa 45. 120; 47. 56.
- 2) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 16. 68.
- 3) Ib. II. 18. 59.
Tomara (तोमर) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. I.17.11, III.167.20, III.170.17) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Tomara) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Dhanurveda (science of warfare)
Source: Wisdom Library: DhanurvedaTomara (तोमर) refers to a weapon (“lance”, “javelin”). It is a Sanskrit word defined in the Dhanurveda-saṃhitā, which contains a list of no less than 117 weapons. The Dhanurveda-saṃhitā is said to have been composed by the sage Vasiṣṭha, who in turn transmitted it trough a tradition of sages, which can eventually be traced to Śiva and Brahmā.
Source: Shodhganga: Kakati Ganapatideva and his times (weapons)Tomara refers to an iron club and represents a kind of weapon employed in warfare by the soldiers, according to Śrīnātha’s 15th century Palanāṭivīra-caritra. The Vardhmānapuram inscription states that the king should be proficient in dealing several varieties of weapons.
Dhanurveda (धनुर्वेद) refers to the “knowledge of warfare” and, as an upaveda, is associated with the Ṛgveda. It contains instructions on warfare, archery and ancient Indian martial arts, dating back to the 2nd-3rd millennium BCE.
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstraTomara (तोमर) refers to a weapon which should measure should measure eight tālas (unit of measurement), according to Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 23. In dramatic plays, weapons such as tomara should be made by experts using proper measurements and given to persons engaged in a fight, angry conflict or siege. It forms a component of āhāryābhinaya (extraneous representation).
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Chandas (prosody, study of Sanskrit metres)
Source: Shodhganga: a concise history of Sanskrit Chanda literatureTomara (तोमर) refers to one of the 130 varṇavṛttas (syllabo-quantitative verse) dealt with in the second chapter of the Vṛttamuktāvalī, ascribed to Durgādatta (19th century), author of eight Sanskrit work and patronised by Hindupati: an ancient king of the Bundela tribe (presently Bundelkhand of Uttar Pradesh). A Varṇavṛtta (e.g., tomara) refers to a type of classical Sanskrit metre depending on syllable count where the light-heavy patterns are fixed.
Chandas (छन्दस्) refers to Sanskrit prosody and represents one of the six Vedangas (auxiliary disciplines belonging to the study of the Vedas). The science of prosody (chandas-shastra) focusses on the study of the poetic meters such as the commonly known twenty-six metres mentioned by Pingalas.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: Research Gate: On Fish in Manasollasa (c. 1131 AD)Tomara (तोमर) refers to a type of fish identified with Belone annulata Day., as mentioned in the 12th-century Mānasollāsa or Abhilaṣitārthachintāmaṇi, an ancient Sanskrit text describing thirty-five kinds of marine and fresh water fishes.—Tomara has been described as a medium-sized marine fish and most likely, scaly. The word tomara in Sanskrit means a spear-like weapon or a forceful stroke. Hora (1951) suggested that tomara could be the garfish (needle fish) Belone annulata Day. We agree with Hora’s identification.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramTomara (तोमर) refers to a “mallet” and is used to visualize Bhairava, according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, “He has eight faces and, very powerful, shines like a white lotus. He is mightily proud and has sharp teeth and great body. He is terrible and fierce and his face is deformed. O Śambhu, he has twenty arms and the goddess sits on his lap. He holds a sword, mallet [i.e., tomara] and noose, a double-headed drum, a dagger, the Kaustubha jewel, a rosary, a skull bowl full of fruit and the like and a piece of human flesh. [...]”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan BuddhismTomara (तोमर) refers to one of the male Vidyā-beings mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa: one of the largest Kriyā Tantras devoted to Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śākyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Tomara).
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: academia.edu: Tessitori Collection ITomara (तोमर) refers to one of the various weapons causing suffering in the hells (naraka), according to Rājasoma’s “Naraka ko coḍhālyo”, which is included in the collection of manuscripts at the ‘Vincenzo Joppi’ library, collected by Luigi Pio Tessitori during his visit to Rajasthan between 1914 and 1919.—No name of any source is given in the text but the three stages followed in the exposition correspond closely to those found in a handbook such as Nemicandrasūri’s Pravacanasāroddhāra, [e.g.,] 2) sufferings mutually inflicted (hiva anyonyakṛta, 2r5, beginning of a new ḍhāla) either by various weapons (mogara, mūṃsala, 2r8; lāṭhī, tomara (2v1) or coming from the bodies.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Source: Wisdom Library: India HistoryTomara refers to one of the thirty-six Rajput clans, according to various inscriptions and literature. They are possible part Padmanabha list, who compiled the 15th-century Kanhadadeprabandha, a work describing the Muslim invasion of Gujarat of 1298 AD. The kingdom or dynasty of the Tomaras had their own princes and nobles and were further separated into sub-clans and families. Their name can also be spelled as Tomar.
The Rajputs are a Hindu race claiming to be descendants of the ancient Kṣatriya-varṇa (warrior caste). Originally, the Rajputs consisted of two principal branches: the Sūryavaṃśa (solar race) and the Candravaṃśa (lunar race), to which later was added the Agnivaṃśa (fire-born race).
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionarytomara : (m.; nt.) a spear; a lance (for driving elephants).
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryTomara, (m. nt.) (Sk. tomara from tud, see tudati) a pike, spear, lance, esp. the lance of an elephant-driver D. II, 266 (tutta-t. a driving lance); M. III, 133 (t. hattha); Vism. 235; DA. I, 147. (Page 307)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarytōmara (तोमर).—m n S An iron club or crow.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryTomara (तोमर).—
1) An iron club; Mahābhārata (Bombay) 7.142.45.
2) A javelin.
3) A kind of crescent-shaped edge of an arrow with the ends of the crescent pointing downwards; Dhanur. V.
Derivable forms: tomaraḥ (तोमरः), tomaram (तोमरम्).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryTomara (तोमर).—(mss. sometimes Tomala), name of a Licchavi leader: Mahāvastu i.254.13 ff.; 288.6. Probably a family or gotra name, since the person uses the pl. Tomarāṇām (of whom he is one) in 256.3.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryTomara (तोमर).—mfn.
(-raḥ-rā-raṃ) 1. An iron club or crow. 2. A lance. E. tu Sautra root, to hurt, affix vic, tu that which injures, mṛ to die, affix karaṇe ac, and the vowel of tu changed.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryTomara (तोमर).— (perhaps tud + man + a, with r for n). 1. m. and n. A javelin, [Rāmāyaṇa] 2, 74, 31. 2. m. pl. The name of a people, Mahābhārata 6, 377.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryTomara (तोमर).—[masculine] [neuter] spear, lance; [masculine] [plural] [Name] of a people.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Tomara (तोमर):—mn. ([gana] ardharcādi) a lance, javelin, [Mahābhārata] etc.
2) m. [plural] Name of a people, [vi, 377]
3) m. sg. Name of the ancestor of a commentator on [Devī-māhātmya]
4) n. a metre of 4 x 9 syllables.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryTomara (तोमर):—[(raḥ-rā-raṃ) a.] An iron crow.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Tomara (तोमर) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Tomara.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Prakrit-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary1) Tomara (तोमर) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Tomara.
2) Tomara (तोमर) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Tomara.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusTōmara (ತೋಮರ):—
1) [noun] = ತೋಮರರಗಳೆ [tomararagale].
2) [noun] a spear-like, heavy weapon.
3) [noun] an arrow with a crescent-shaped blade at the tip.
4) [noun] a heavy, metal club; a mace.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Tomaradhara, Tomaragraha, Tomarana, Tomarapanaya, Tomararagale.
Ends with: Chattomara, Palakhatomara, Tikshnatomara.
Full-text (+7): Tomaradhara, Tomaragraha, Shikhara, Tutta, Panimukta, Shamtanu cakravartin, Kamalasimha, Virasimha, Torana, Devavarman, Aparajita, Hara, Vancati, Kapittha, Pariyatra, Tudati, Yatthi, Ahirbudhnya, Shattrimshad-danda-ayudha, Lathi.
Relevant text
Search found 25 books and stories containing Tomara, Tōmara; (plurals include: Tomaras, Tōmaras). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Śrī Kṛṣṇa-vijaya (by Śrī Gunaraja Khan)
Chapter 8 - Indra's Prayers to Lord Kṛṣṇa (Pāhiḍā-rāga)
Chapter 7 - The Brāhmanas' Wives Offer Prayers to Lord Kṛṣṇa (Mallāra-rāga)
Chapter 5 - Kuvera's Two Sons Offer Prayers to Lord Kṛṣṇa (Vibhāṣā-rāga)
The Mahavastu (great story) (by J. J. Jones)
Chapter XXV - The Buddha’s visit to Veśālī (Vaiśālī) < [Volume I]
Chapter XXVIII-b - The Jātaka of the Bull < [Volume I]
Chapter XXVIII-a - Plagues of former days < [Volume I]
Nitiprakasika (Critical Analysis) (by S. Anusha)
Chaitanya Bhagavata (by Bhumipati Dāsa)
Verse 2.11.18 < [Chapter 11 - The Characteristics of Nityānanda]
List of Mahabharata people and places (by Laxman Burdak)
Harivamsha Purana (by Manmatha Nath Dutt)
Chapter 106 - Battle between Pradyumna and Shamvara’s Sons < [Book 2 - Vishnu Parva]
Chapter 27 - The Destruction of Bali < [Book 3 - Bhavishya Parva]
Chapter 34 - The Mountains Set Asuras Fighting with the Gods < [Book 3 - Bhavishya Parva]