Tivra, Tīvra, Tīvrā: 29 definitions
Introduction:
Tivra means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Wisdom Library: ŚāktismTīvrā (तीव्रा, “sharp”):—Name of one of the sixty-four mātṛs to be worshipped during Āvaraṇapūjā (“Worship of the Circuit of Goddesses”, or “Durgā’s Retinue”), according to the Durgāpūjātattva. They should be worshipped with either the five upācāras or perfume and flowers.
Her mantra is as follows:
Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantramॐ तीव्रायै नमः
oṃ tīvrāyai namaḥ.
1) Tīvra (तीव्र, “intense”) refers to Tīvrājñā or “intense command”, according to the Kubjikāmatatantra: the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjikā cult.—The Command [i.e., ājñā] is said to variously be, as are grace and the “descent of power”, intense (tīvra-ājñā) or weak (manda-ājñā), as the case may be. The former is devastatingly powerful and brings about realisation in an instant. The latter is slow and works gradually, elevating the soul (jīva) who receives it stage by stage, merging it into progressively higher principles. [...]
2) Tīvrā (तीव्रा) refers to one of the six Goddesses (parā-ṣaṭka) associated with Jālandhara (which is in the southern quarter), according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—[...] The six Goddesses (parā-ṣaṭka): Jālāvvā, Tīvrā, Tīkṣṇā, Caṇḍikā, Aghorā, Amarā.
3) Tīvra (तीव्र) [=Tīvrānanda] is the “worship name” of Gulmadeva—one of the Sixteen Siddhas according to the Kubjikānityāhnikatilaka: a derative text drawing from Tantras and other sources such as the Ṣaṭsāhasrasaṃhitā.—These sixteen spiritual teachers represent the disciples of the Nine Nāthas who propagated the Western Transmission noted in the Kubjikā Tantras.—Gulmadeva is the Caryā name of this Nātha (i.e., the public name the Siddha uses when living as a wandering renouncer). His Prapūjya or “worship name” is Tīvra-Ānanda. This Pūjā name is the one by which the Siddhas are worshipped.
4) Tīvra (तीव्र) is also mentioned as the “worship name” of Gulmanātha—one of the Sixteen Siddhas according to the Manthānabhairavatantra.
Source: Shodhganga: Saudarya Lahari of Sri Sankara A StudyTīvra (तीव्र) refers to one of the 52 rays of the Svadhiṣṭhāna-Cakra which (together with the 56 rays of the Mūlādhāra) are associated with the fiery plane called Rudragranthi, according to Śaṅkarācārya’s Saudaryalaharī.—Accordingly, the Goddess is visualised (by Sādhaka) as dwelling above the six Ādhāracakras ruling over the 360 rays which emanate in them [e.g., Tīvra]. These 360 rays represent 360 syllables (i.e., a consummation of the śabdaprapañca or 50 alphabets) as well as the principles of nature. For the 360 syllables, together with haṃ and saḥ, Nyāsa should be performed for Śrīcakrapūjā.
Note: Tīvra also refers to one of the 54 rays of the Anāhata-Cakra.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)
Source: WorldCat: Rāj nighaṇṭuTīvrā (तीव्रा) is another name for Tejovatī, a medicinal plant similar to Jyotiṣmatī Celastrus paniculatus (black oil plant or intellect tree) from the Celastraceae or “staff vine” or “bittersweet family” of flowering plants, according to verse 3.82 of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu. The Raj Nighantu reads Jyotiṣmatī and Tejovatī together while Bāpālāl identifies Tejovatī with Zanthoxylum budrunga (cape yellowwood or Indian ivy-rue) from the Rutaceae or “rue” or “citrus” family. The third chapter (guḍūcyādi-varga) of this book contains climbers and creepers (vīrudh). Together with the names Tīvrā and Tejovatī, there are a total of thirty-one Sanskrit synonyms identified for this plant.
Unclassified Ayurveda definitions
Source: Wisdom Library: Āyurveda and botany1) Tīvrā (तीव्रा) is another name for Rājasarṣapa, which is a Sanskrit word referring to Brassica nigra (black mustard), from the Brassicaceae family. Certain plant parts of Rājasarṣapa are eaten as a vegetable (śāka), according to Caraka in his Carakasaṃhitā sūtrasthāna (chapter 27), a classical Ayurvedic work. The synonym was identified in the Rājanighaṇṭu (verse 16.121), which is a 13th century medicinal thesaurus.
2) Tīvrā (तीव्रा) is another name for Tulasī, which is a Sanskrit word referring to Ocimum tenuiflorum (holy basil), from the Lamiaceae family. It is classified as a medicinal plant in the system of Āyurveda (science of Indian medicine) and is used throughout literature such as the Suśrutasaṃhita and the Carakasaṃhitā. The synonym was identified in the Rājanighaṇṭu (verses 10.148-149), which is a 13th century medicinal thesaurus.
Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of termsTīvra (तीव्र):—Severe, Excessive, Acute
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana IndexTīvrā (तीव्रा).—A Śakti.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa IV. 44. 72.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Gitashastra (science of music)
Source: Wisdom Library: SaṅgītaśiromaṇiTīvrā (तीव्रा) refers to one of the first of twenty-two quarters tones (śruti) existing within an octave, according to the Saṅgīta-ratnākara (“ocean of music and dance”). This work is an important Sanskrit treatise dealing with ancient Indian musicology (gāndharva-śāstra), composed by Śārṅgadeva in the 13th century and deals with both Carnatic and Hindustani music. Tīvrā has a frequency of 470.9260Hz.
Source: Shodhganga: Kohala in the Sanskrit textual tradition (gita)Tivrā (तिव्रा) refers to one of the four Śrutis of the Ṣaḍja note of the Octave in Indian Music (often described in literature as consisting of twenty-two śrutis).—Kohala brings out different theories on the number of śrutis. He says that some believe in twenty-two, śrutis, some in sixty-six and others believe in infinity. Bharata and many subsequent authors including Śārṅgadeva etc. spoke of twenty-two śrutis.—According to earlier authors like Śārṅgadeva, the Ṣaḍja note has the following śrutis: tivrā, kumudvatī, mandā, chandovatī.
Gitashastra (गीतशास्त्र, gītaśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science of Music (gita or samgita), which is traditionally divided in Vocal music, Instrumental music and Dance (under the jurisdiction of music). The different elements and technical terms are explained in a wide range of (often Sanskrit) literature.
Shilpashastra (iconography)
Source: archive.org: Illustrations of Indian Music and Dance in Western Indian StyleTīvrā (तीव्रा, “fierce”).—Illustration of Tīvrā-śruti according to 15th century art:—The colour of her body is yellow. She holds a vīṇā in both hands. The colour of her bodice is blue. Her scarf is red and green with a black design. Her lower garment is green with a black design. She is well ornamented.
The illustrations (of, for example Tīvrā) are found scattered throughout ancient Jain manuscripts from Gujarat. The descriptions of these illustrations of this citrāvalī are based on the ślokas of Vācanācārya Gaṇi Sudhākalaśa’s Saṅgītopaniṣatsāroddhāra (14th century) and Śārṅgadeva’s Saṅgītaratnākara (13th century).
Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśāstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by VarahamihiraTīvra (तीव्र) refers to “unhappiness” [“dreadful (results)” ?], according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 11), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “Thus have been stated briefly 101 Ketus and we will now proceed to state clearly the 1,000 Ketus already referred to. The comets that appear in the north and north-east are 84 in number; they are the sons of Venus; they have large, white and shining discs and when they appear mankind will not be happy [i.e., tīvra-phala]. The comets that appear glossy, with rays and double-tailed are sixty in number; they are the sons of Saturn; they appear anywhere and are named Kanaka Ketus; when they appear mankind will feel very miserable”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)
Source: University of Vienna: Sudarśana's Worship at the Royal Court According to the AhirbudhnyasaṃhitāTīvra (तीव्र) refers to a “serious (illness)”, according to the Ahirbudhnyasaṃhitā, belonging to the Pāñcarātra tradition which deals with theology, rituals, iconography, narrative mythology and others.—Accordingly, “An abnormal modification caused by a aggressive ritual against Kings, occurring at the improper time, dreadful and all-reaching, is characterized by the these signs: Suddenly horses, elephants and ministers perish, the king himself suffers from a serious illness (tīvra-āmaya) which has seized [his] body; terrifying thunderbolts strike his dominion; [...] from such and other signs he should understand that the enemy is performing a aggressive ritual”.
Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve ReflectionsTīvrā (तीव्रा) or Sutīvrā refers to “(very) intense” (pleasure), according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “Sentient beings, inflamed by very intense pleasure (sutīvrā-sāta-saṃtaptā) [and] unsteady from affliction by wrong faith, wander about in a five-fold life that is difficult to be traversed. It has been stated at length that the cycle of rebirth which is full of suffering is five-fold on account of combining substance, place, right time, life and intention”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)Tivra in India is the name of a plant defined with Hyoscyamus niger in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Hyoscyamus agrestis Kitaibel ex Schultes (among others).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· J. Emerg. Med., (1987)
· Poisonous Plants in Britain and Their Effects on Animals and Man. (1984)
· Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica (1985)
· Flora of Iran (1972)
· Opera Botanica (1999)
· Ethnobotany (2005)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Tivra, for example health benefits, chemical composition, side effects, pregnancy safety, extract dosage, diet and recipes, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarytīvra (तीव्र).—a (S) Hot, biting, pungent. 2 fig. Fierce, ardent, impetuous, vehement--fire, a disposition: sharp, keen, acute--edge of a weapon, a genius: cutting, piercing, stinging--language.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishtīvra (तीव्र).—a Hot. Fig. Fierce; sharp; cutting.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryTīvra (तीव्र).—a.
1) Severe, intense, sharp, acute, violent, poignant, pungent, impetuous; विलङ्घिताधोरणतीव्रयत्नाः (vilaṅghitādhoraṇatīvrayatnāḥ) R.5.48 'strong or violent efforts' &c.; Uttararāmacarita 3.35; Ś.1. 32,5.7.
2) Hot, warm.
3) Flashing.
4) Pervading.
5) Endless, unlimited.
6) Horrible, dreadful.
-vraḥ 1 Sharpness.
2) Śiva.
-vram 1 Heat, pungency.
2) A shore.
3) Iron, steel.
4) Tin.
-vram ind. Violently, sharply, excessively.
-vrā 1 Black mustard.
2) Basil.
3) Helleborus miger (Mar. kuṭakī).
4) (in music) Name of a श्रुति (śruti).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryTīvra (तीव्र).—adj. (like Pali tibba, hardly Sanskrit, used of religiously and morally good activity), adv. tīvraṃ, zealously: mātāpitṝṣu vīro upasthapetvā tīvraṃ paricarati Mahāvastu ii.220.18 (verse), zealously waited upon (his parents).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryTīvra (तीव्र).—mfn.
(-vraḥ-vrā-vraṃ) 1. Much, excessive, endless, unbounded, unlimited. 2. Pungent. 3. Hot, warm. m.
(-vraḥ) A name of Siva. f.
(-vrā) 1. A medicinal plant, Katuki. 2. Black mustard. 3. A sort of Durva or bent grass, (gaṇḍadūrvā) 4. The name of a river in the east of Bengal; also the Chandi or Padmabati. adv. n.
(-vraṃ) 1. Much, excessively, endless. 2. Violently, fiercely. subst. 1. A shore, a bank. 2. Tin. 3. Heat. 4. Pungency. E. tīv to be large, &c. rak aff.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryTīvra (तीव्र).—probably tij + van + a, (with r for n, cf. tigma and tīkṣṇa), adj., f. rā. 1. Sharp, [Bhartṛhari, (ed. Bohlen.)] 2, 77. 2. Hot, [Bhartṛhari, (ed. Bohlen.)] 3, 19; flashing, [Rāmāyaṇa] 3, 62, 11. 3. Violent, Mahābhārata 7, 6893; deep (of darkness), [Arjunasamāgama] 8, 13. 4. Bad, Mahābhārata 1, 3097.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryTīvra (तीव्र).—[adjective] strong, violent, intense, fierce; [masculine] & tā† [feminine] abst.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Tīvra (तीव्र):—mf(ā)n. ([from] tiv-ra, √tu) strong, severe, violent, intense, hot, pervading, excessive, ardent, sharp, acute, pungent, horrible, [Ṛg-veda] etc.
2) m. sharpness, pungency, [Pāṇini 2-2, 8], [vArttika] 3., [Patañjali]
3) for vara (?) [gana] rājanyādi
4) Śiva
5) n. pungency, [Horace H. Wilson]
6) a shore (for 2. tīra ?), [Uṇādi-sūtra] k.
7) tin (cf. 1. tīra), [ib.]
8) steel, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
9) iron, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
10) Tīvrā (तीव्रा):—[from tīvra] f. Helleborus niger, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
11) [v.s. ...] black mustard, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
12) [v.s. ...] basil, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
13) [v.s. ...] gaṇḍa-dūrvā, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
14) [v.s. ...] taradī, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
15) [v.s. ...] mahā-jyotiṣmatī, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
16) [v.s. ...] (in music) Name of a Śruti
17) [v.s. ...] of a Mūrchanā
18) [v.s. ...] of the river Padmavatī (in the east of Bengal), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryTīvra (तीव्र):—[(vraḥ-vrā-vraṃ) a.] Excessive; pungent. n. A shore; tin; heat; pungency. m. Shiva. f. Medicinal plant; black mustard; durbā grass. adv. Excessively, violently.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Tīvra (तीव्र) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Tivva.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryTīvra (तीव्र):—(a) fast; pungent; high, high pitched; sharp; violent; intense, vehement; virulent; ardent; bright; strong; ~[buddhi] bright, sharp, of keen intellect.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusTīvra (ತೀವ್ರ):—
1) [adjective] having a sharp edge or point; that can cut well; sharp; keen; fine edged; incisive.
2) [adjective] having or giving off heat; having a high temperature; hot.
3) [adjective] severe a) harsh; unnecessarily extreme; b) serious or stern in manner or appearance; c) grave; critical.
4) [adjective] sharply affecting the organs of taste or smell, as if by a penetrating power; biting; acrid; pungent.
5) [adjective] vigorous; energetic; intense, speedy.
6) [adjective] feeling or showing keen desire; impatient or anxious to do or get; ardent; eager; impetuous.
--- OR ---
Tīvra (ತೀವ್ರ):—
1) [noun] that which is sharp.
2) [noun] a cruel man.
3) [noun] quickness; swiftness.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Source: unoes: Nepali-English DictionaryTīvra (तीव्र):—adj. 1. fast; quick; 2. keen; clever; intelligent; 3. sharp; unbearable; 4. (of voice) high-pitched;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+20): Tivra-yauneccha, Tivrabhanu, Tivradaru, Tivradyuti, Tivragandha, Tivragati, Tivrajna, Tivrajvala, Tivrakanda, Tivrakantha, Tivramada, Tivramadire, Tivramanda, Tivramarga, Tivramaya, Tivranala, Tivrananda, Tivranandanatha, Tivranatha, Tivrapata.
Full-text (+99): Atitivra, Tivragandha, Tivrata, Tivrananda, Tivravedana, Tivrasava, Tivramada, Tivradaru, Tivrajvala, Ativra, Tivrakantha, Tivradyuti, Tivrasut, Tivragati, Tivrasoma, Tivrapaurusha, Tivram, Tivramarga, Tivrakanda, Tivravipaka.
Relevant text
Search found 65 books and stories containing Tivra, Tīvra, Tīvrā; (plurals include: Tivras, Tīvras, Tīvrās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
Cidgaganacandrika (study) (by S. Mahalakshmi)
Verse 303 [Tivra Śaktipāta] < [Chapter 4 - Fourth Vimarśa]
Part 7 - Śaktipāta—Conferring of spiritual energy < [Krama system and Trika school]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 239 < [Hindi-Assamese-English Volume 1]
Page 272 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Page 100 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Yavanajataka by Sphujidhvaja [Sanskrit/English] (by Michael D Neely)
Verse 75.6 < [Chapter 75 - Application of the Vāra on Military Expeditions]
Verse 75.13 < [Chapter 75 - Application of the Vāra on Military Expeditions]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Vivekachudamani (by Shankara)