Tiryanc, aka: Tiryañc, Tiryak; 11 Definition(s)

Introduction

Tiryanc means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

Alternative spellings of this word include Tiryanch.

In Hinduism

Yoga (school of philosophy)

Tiryak (तिर्यक्) is a Sanskrit word referring to “upside-down”. It is used in Yoga.

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Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Tiryak (तिर्यक्).—The origin of the different creatures described.^*

• * Vāyu-purāṇa 69. 298-303.

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The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Tiryak (तिर्यक्) refers to a specific gesture (āṅgika) , or “movements made with the arms (bāhu)”, according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 9. These movements form a part of the histrionic representation (abhinaya).

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Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (śāstra) of performing arts, (nāṭya, e.g., theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing dramatic plays (nataka) and poetic works (kavya).

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Tiryañc (तिर्यञ्च्) or Tiryaggati refers to the “animals” according to the “world of transmigration” section in the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter XXVII).—The Bodhisattva sees the animals (tiryak) undergoing all the torments: they are made to gallop by blows of the whip or stick; they are made to make long journeys carrying burdens; their harness is damaged; they are branded with hot iron. People who, in their former lives, have trussed them up, whipped them or been guilty of crimes of this kind, assume the animal form of an elephant (haja), a horse (aśva), a cow (go), a sheep (eḍaka) or a deer (mṛga).

context information

Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

General definition (in Buddhism)

Tiryak (तिर्यक्, “animal”) refers to one of the “six destinations” (gata) as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha (section 57). The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (eg., tiryak). The work is attributed to Nagarguna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Tiryañc (तिर्यञ्च्) or Tiryañca.—What is the cause for the influx of karmas leading to subhuman (tiryañca / tiryaṃca) life? Deceitfulness (māyā) is the cause of influx of karmas leading to subhuman life.

What are the other causes for the influx of karmas leading to subhuman (tiryañca) life? The preaching of religion from a perverted attitude, lack of good conduct and propriety, desire for cheating others, blue and grey thought-colourations of the soul, mournful concentration during death which are the varieties of deceitful conduct, are the other causes of influx of karmas leading to sub human life.

Tiryañc (तिर्यञ्च्, “horizontal”) or Tiryagvyatikrama refers to “exceeding the limits for movement set in the downwards directions”, representing one of the five transgressions (aticara) of the “vow of directional limits” (digvirati): one of the seven supplementary vows (śīlavrata), according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 28.—What is meant by exceeding the limit of horizontal movement (tiryag-vyatikrama)? To go beyond the limit set in horizontal direction though tunnels or on land is called exceeding limits of horizontal movement.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

tiryak (तिर्यक्).—a S Oblique, tranverse, slant. 2 ad Obliquely, aslant, awry.

Sanskrit-English dictionary

Tiryañc (तिर्यञ्च्).—a. (tiraścī f., rarely tiryañcī)

1) Oblique, transverse, horizontal, awry; तिर्यगूर्ध्वमधस्ताच्च व्यापको महिमा हरेः (tiryagūrdhvamadhastācca vyāpako mahimā hareḥ) Ku.6.71.

2) Crooked, curved.

3) Crossing over, traversing.

4) Winding.

5) Lying in the middle or between.

-m.,-n. 1) An animal (going horizontally as distinguished from man who walks erect), a lower or irrational animal; बन्धाय दिव्ये न तिरश्चि कश्चित् पाशा- दिरासादितपौरुषः स्यात् (bandhāya divye na tiraści kaścit pāśā- dirāsāditapauruṣaḥ syāt) N.3.2; Ku.1.48.

2) A bird.

3) (With Jainas) The organic world, or plants.

See also (synonyms): tiryac.

Tiryak (तिर्यक्).—ind. Obliquely, crookedly, in a slanting or oblique direction; तिर्यगास्थाय संक्रुद्धः पक्षीशे भगवान्हरिः (tiryagāsthāya saṃkruddhaḥ pakṣīśe bhagavānhariḥ) Rām. 7.7.41; विलोकयति तिर्यक् (vilokayati tiryak) K. P.1; Me.51; Ku.5.74.

Tiryak (तिर्यक्) or Tiryyak.—ind. Crookedly, awry: see tiryac.

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