Tapana, aka: Tāpana; 16 Definition(s)

Introduction

Tapana means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

In Hinduism

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Tapana (तपन).—A soldier of the country of Pāñcāla. He was killed by Karṇa in the Mahābhārata battle. (Śloka 15, Chapter 48, Karṇa Parva).

Tapana (तपन).—The Sun whose daughter is Yamunā.^*

• * Matsya-purāṇa 108. 23; 110. 5.

Tapana (तपन) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. I.28.18) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Tapana) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.

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The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Tāpana (तापन, “pessimism”) refers to ‘toleration’ of anguish with regard to the desired object. Tāpana represents one of the thirteen pratimukhasandhi, according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 21. Pratimukhasandhi refers to the “segments (sandhi) of the progressing part (pratimukha)” and represents one of the five segments of the plot (itivṛtta or vastu) of a dramatic composition (nāṭaka).

Tāpana (तापन).—One of the twelve elements of the ‘progression segment’ (pratimukhasandhi);—(Description:) Thinking about (lit. seeing) some danger in future is called Pessimism (tāpana).

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Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (śāstra) of performing arts, (nāṭya, e.g., theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing dramatic plays (nataka) and poetic works (kavya).

In Buddhism

Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)

The younger sister of Kapila and Sodhana, in the time of Kassapa Buddha. Her mother was Sadhani. They all entered the Order, but introduced dissension there.

Kapila was reborn as a fish in the Aciravati and Tapana was born in the Mahaniraya. SNA.i.305f, 309; DhA.iv.37, 39.

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A Niraya. Beings born there are pierced by heated stakes and they remain transfixed, motionless. J.v.266, 271, 275.

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See Tapana above.

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Tapana (तपन) refers to one of the eight great hells according to the “world of transmigration” section in the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter XXVII).—Accordingly, “The sixth and seventh great hells are the Tapana and Pratāpana. There are two great copper cauldrons there; the first is called Nan t’o (Nanda) and the second Po nan t’o (Upananda); in the language of Ts’in, “Joy” and “Great Joy”; they are filled with boiling brine. The Rākṣasa demons, guardians of hell, throw the damned into them, like head chefs cooking meat. The people in these cauldrons have their feet up and their heads down; they are boiled like beans; their bones and joints become detached; their skin and flesh dissolve”.

Also, “In their previous lives, these unfortunates had tormented their parents, their teacher, Śrāmaṇas and Brāhmaṇas; they had tormented honest people and fields of merit (puṇyakṣetra) to the point of arousing their anger; for these reasons they suffer the torments of the Tapana hell. Or else, in their previous lives, they had roasted live cocoons, roasted live pigs and sheep, spit-roasted living human beings. Or else they had set fire to the jungle, burned villages, stūpas, monasteries (vihāra), temples (devacaitya), etc., or else they had thrown beings into pits of fire. It is for all these reasons that they are reborn in this hell”.

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Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

General definition (in Buddhism)

Tapana (तपन) refers to the “remorseful hell” and represents one of the “eight hot hells” (uṣṇa-naraka) as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha (section 121). The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (eg., tapana). The work is attributed to Nagarjuna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.

India history and geogprahy

Tapana.—(IE 7-1-2), ‘three’ with reference to Agni; but ‘twelve’ with reference to ‘the sun’. Note: tapana is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

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The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

tapana : (nt.) shining; brightness. || tāpana (nt.) scorching; self-mortification; tormenting.

Tāpana, (nt.) (from tāpeti) burning, scorching, roasting; fig. tormenting, torture, self-mortification VvA. 20 (aggimhi t. udake vā temanaṃ). Cp. ā°; upa°; pari°. (Page 299)

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Tapana, (adj. -n.) (to tapati & tapa) burning, heat; fig. torment, torture, austerity.—1. (as nt.) PvA. 98 (kāya °saṅkhāto tapo).—2. (as f.) tapanī J. V, 201 (in metaphorical play of word with aggi & brahmacārin; Com. visīvana-aggiṭṭha-saṅkhātā-tapanī). (Page 297)

context information

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

Marathi-English dictionary

tapana (तपन).—n S Burning, blazing, glowing, radiating heat. 2 Solar fervor. v paḍa, hō.

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tāpana (तापन).—n S Heating, lit. fig.: inflaming, incensing, exciting.

tapana (तपन).—n Burning, blazing. Solar fervour.

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tāpana (तापन).—n Heating. Inflaming, exciting.

Sanskrit-English dictionary

Tapana (तपन).—a. [tap-lyu]

1) Warming, heating, burning, shining &c.

2) Causing distress, paining; ब्रह्मद्विषस्तपनो मनुमीरसि (brahmadviṣastapano manumīrasi) Rv.2.23.4.

3) The sun; प्रतापात्तपनो यथा (pratāpāttapano yathā) R. 4.12; ललाटंतपस्तपति तपनः (lalāṭaṃtapastapati tapanaḥ) U.6; Māl.1.

4) The hot season.

5) The sun-stone.

6) Name of a hell; Ms.4.89.

7) An epithet of Śiva.

8) The Arka plant.

9) Name of Agastya.

-nam 1 Heat, burning.

2) Paining, grieving.

3) Mental agony, anguish.

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Tāpana (तापन).—a. [tap-ṇic bhāve-lyuṭ]

1) Heating, inflaming,

2) Distressing.

3) Illuminating; अतप्यत स्माखिललोक- तापनम् (atapyata smākhilaloka- tāpanam) Bhāg.2.9.8,

-naḥ 1 The sun.

2) The hot season.

3) The sun-stone.

4) Name of one of the arrows of Cupid.

-nam 1 Burning.

2) Distressing.

3) Chastising.

4) A division of hell.

5) Gold.

6) (in drama) Helplessness, perplexity.

-nā Austerity.

-nī Name of several Upaniṣads.

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Tāpana (तापन).—&c. See under तप् (tap).

See also (synonyms): tāpa.

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