Svarna, Svarṇa, Svarṇā: 15 definitions
Introduction
Introduction:
Svarna means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Swarn.
In Hinduism
Rasashastra (chemistry and alchemy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Rasa-śāstraSvarṇa (स्वर्ण, “Gold”) is a synonym for Suvarṇa. Gold is a variation of ‘metal’ (dhātu/loha) from the sub-group named Śuddhaloha, according to the Rasaprakāśasudhākara: a 13th century Sanskrit book on Indian alchemy, or, Rasaśāstra.
Source: archive.org: Rasa-Jala-Nidhi: Or Ocean of indian chemistry and alchemySvarna refers to “gold”. (see Bhudeb Mookerji and his Rasajalanidhi)
Source: PMC: Therapeutic potentials of metals in ancient IndiaSvarna, the Sara Lauha is an important, noble metal known to Indians since antiquity. References can be traced back to Charaka and Sushruta Samhita where the noble metal has been attributed with a wide range of applications. The ‘Bhasma’ form of Gold is in metallic state. Various formulations of ‘Svarna’ are useful: Vrishya, Balya, Rasayana, Medhya, Ayushya, Ojo Vardhaka, Vayah sthapaka etc. and disease alleviators particularly in chronic debilitating diseases like Raja Yakshma, Swasa, Kasa, Pandu etc. Normal dose levels given for ‘Svarna Bhasma’ is 15 mg. to 30 mg.
Rasashastra (रसशास्त्र, rasaśāstra) is an important branch of Ayurveda, specialising in chemical interactions with herbs, metals and minerals. Some texts combine yogic and tantric practices with various alchemical operations. The ultimate goal of Rasashastra is not only to preserve and prolong life, but also to bestow wealth upon humankind.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationSvarṇa (स्वर्ण) refers to “gold”, representing a type of material for construction of a Liṅga, according to the Śivapurāṇa 1.22 while explaining the importance of the partaking of the Naivedya of Śiva:—“[...] with regard to the following phallic images viz:—[...] liṅgas made of gold (Svarṇa-liṅga) [...], the partaking of the Naivedya of Śiva is on a par with the rite of Cāndrāyaṇa. Even the slayer of a brahmin if he partakes of the remains of the food offered to the God quells all his sins immediately [...]”.
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaSvarṇā (स्वर्णा).—A celestial woman. By the blessings of Krauñca a daughter named Vṛndā was born to Svarṇā. There were none who were not fascinated by her beauty. Once Śukra asked Svarṇā, and obtained Vṛndā, for the asura named Jalandhara. (Padma Purāṇa, Uttara Khaṇḍa, Chapter 4).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana IndexSvarṇā (स्वर्णा).—A daughter of Samudra and wife of Prācīnabarhis.*
- * Vāyu-purāṇa 63. 25.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
India history and geography
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossarySvarṇa.—cf. śoṇa-vari (SITI), svarṇa-vari, explained as ‘tax payable in gold'; same as Tamil pŏn-vari; but cf. also suvarṇa- daṇḍa, profession-tax payable by the goldsmiths. Note: svarṇa is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarysvarṇa (स्वर्ण).—and other compounds with svarṇa See under the common word suvarṇa.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionarySvarṇa (स्वर्ण).—[suṣṭhu arṇo varṇo yasya]
1) Gold.
2) A golden coin.
3) A kind of red chalk (gaurika); असृक्क्षरन्ति धाराभिः स्वर्णधारा इवाचलाः (asṛkkṣaranti dhārābhiḥ svarṇadhārā ivācalāḥ) Rām.7.7.15.
4) A kind of plant (Mar. dhotrā).
Derivable forms: svarṇam (स्वर्णम्).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionarySvarṇa (स्वर्ण).—n.
(-rṇaṃ) 1. Gold. 2. A gold coin. E. su excellent, ṛṇ to go or be, aff. ac .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionarySvarṇa (स्वर्ण).—i. e. su-varṇa, n. Gold, [Bhāgavata-Purāṇa, (ed. Burnouf.)] 4, 25, 14; a gold coin, [Kathāsaritsāgara, (ed. Brockhaus.)] 22, 97.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionarySvarṇa (स्वर्ण).—( = suvarṇa) [neuter] gold (also ka [neuter]) or a cert. weight of gold (also [masculine]).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Svarṇa (स्वर्ण):—m. (contracted from su-varṇa) a [particular] Agni, [Harivaṃśa]
2) n. gold (as a weight = one Karṣa of gold), [Yājñavalkya; Kāvya literature; Kathāsaritsāgara] etc.
3) a kind of red chalk, [Rāmāyaṇa]
4) a kind of plant ([according to] to [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.], ‘a kind of herb’, = gaura-suvarṇa ‘the thorn-apple’, ‘a kind of cocoa palm’, and ‘the flower of Mesua Roxburghii’), [Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionarySvarṇa (स्वर्ण):—(rṇaṃ) 1. n. Gold.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+134): Svarna-adaya, Svarna-adayam, Svarna-Bhairava, Svarna-bhandarin, Svarna-danda, Svarna-kshma, Svarna-meru, Svarnabalkala, Svarnabandha, Svarnabandhaka, Svarnabanij, Svarnabhairavamantra, Svarnabhaj, Svarnabhanu, Svarnabhringara, Svarnabhumi, Svarnabhumika, Svarnabhushana, Svarnabimala, Svarnabindu.
Ends with: Dashasvarna, Hiranyasvarna, Kshudrasvarna, Kutasvarna, Rajasvarna.
Full-text (+138): Svarnamakshika, Svarnakaya, Svarnaja, Svarnadidhiti, Svarnayuthi, Svarnakrit, Svarnagairika, Svarnaka, Svarnapaksha, Svarnadru, Kutasvarna, Svarnavalkala, Svarnanga, Svarnari, Svarnapushpa, Svarnakarata, Svarnashringin, Vrinda, Svarnashthivin, Svarnagriva.
Relevant text
Search found 22 books and stories containing Svarna, Svarṇa, Svarṇā; (plurals include: Svarnas, Svarṇas, Svarṇās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 2: Minerals (uparasa) (by Bhudeb Mookerjee)
Part 1 - Characteristics of Pyrite (makshika) < [Chapter II - Uparasa (2): Makshika (pyrites)]
Part 1 - Characteristics of Gairaka (red ochre) < [Chapter IX - Uparasa (10): Gairika (red ochre)]
Part 1 - Characteristics of Bimala or Vimala (pyrites with red tints) < [Chapter III - Uparasa (3): Bimala or Vimala (pyrites with red tints)]
Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary) (by Śrī Śrīmad Bhaktivedānta Nārāyana Gosvāmī Mahārāja)
Verse 2.4.49 < [Chapter 4 - Vaikuṇṭha (the spiritual world)]
Verse 2.4.66 < [Chapter 4 - Vaikuṇṭha (the spiritual world)]
The Padma Purana (by N.A. Deshpande)
Chapter 4 - Jālandhara’s Marriage and Consecration < [Section 6 - Uttara-Khaṇḍa (Concluding Section)]
Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 1: Initiation, Mercury and Laboratory (by Bhudeb Mookerjee)
Part 1 - Definitions of technical terms < [Chapter VII - Enumeration of technical terms]
Part 20 - Mercurial operations (18): Transformation of base metals into gold by mercury (bedhana) < [Chapter IV-V - Mercurial operations]
Part 16 - Mercurial operations (14): Exhaustion of mercury (yarana) < [Chapter IV-V - Mercurial operations]
Brihat Samhita (by N. Chidambaram Iyer)
Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 4: Iatrochemistry (by Bhudeb Mookerjee)
Part 80 - Svarna parpati < [Chapter III - Jvaratisara fever with diarrhoea]
Part 43 - Treatment for indigestion (41): Jivana rasa < [Chapter IV - Irregularity of the digesting heat]
Treatment for fever (115): Kasturi-bhusana rasa < [Chapter II - Fever (jvara)]