Svaka, Shvaka, Śvaka: 13 definitions
Introduction:
Svaka means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Śvaka can be transliterated into English as Svaka or Shvaka, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Images (photo gallery)
In Hinduism
Yoga (school of philosophy)
Svaka (स्वक) refers to “intrinsically inherent (properties)”, according to the Amanaska Yoga treatise dealing with meditation, absorption, yogic powers and liberation.—Accordingly, as Īśvara says to Vāmadeva: “[...] [Now], I shall define the nature of that highest, mind-free absorption which arises for those devoted to constant practice. [...] Just as the salty taste intrinsically inherent (svaka) [in salt,] is effortlessly obtained from a salty substance, so gnosis of Brahma [in the form of] cessation [which is intrinsically inherent in the mind] is effortlessly [obtained] from the mind. [...]”.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Svaka (स्वक) refers to “one’s own (action)”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “[...] At that time, sixty koṭis of Bodhisattvas, having stood up from the congregation, joined their palms, paid homage to the Lord, and then uttered these verses in one voice: ‘[...] (223) Respected or not respected, we will become like the Mount Sumeru, and unsullied by the world, we will become the leaders of the world. (224) When we hear the reproach of corrupted monks, we will take heed to our action (karman-svaka) lest their action bear its fruit. [...]’”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
svaka (स्वक).—a S Own, proper, peculiar.
svaka (स्वक).—a Own, proper, peculiar.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Śvaka (श्वक).—A wolf.
Derivable forms: śvakaḥ (श्वकः).
--- OR ---
Svaka (स्वक).—a. One's own, own.
-kaḥ A relation, friend.
-kam One's own property.
Svaka (स्वक).—(m) (?) (compare s.v. svayaṃ), (1) according to Senart = Sanskrit svayam, (one)self, in Mahāvastu iii.126.9, 10; the crow-king Supātra's minister speaks: (if I cannot fulfil the king's command, and steal food from the kitchen of the king of Benares) na puruṣakārakaṃ bhavati (here mss. punctuate) asmākaṃ, gacchāmi svakaṃ rājño Supātrasya nivedituṃ (so Senart, but mss. °trasya kāke, or kāka-, niveditaṃ), mahārāja atra svakaṃ (so Senart em., mss. sekā) mahāna- sāto rājabhojanaṃ ānemi.The passage seems to me too uncertain to justify confidence in the em. (which might be explained as hyper-Sanskrit for svayaṃ, interpreted as having Pktic y for k, § 2.33). In the first line the orig. may have been svakaṃ…niveditaṃ (with mss.); (2) in Lalitavistara 237.16 (verse) Lefm. mahya saṃjñi svakam eva vartate, which might be rendered my own self (assuming svakam = ātmā) is having the idea (that you will become like the Highest of Men). But best mss. have saṃjñā for saṃjñi; meter will be satisfied by saṃjña, and we could interpret svaka-m-eva, with hiatus-bridging m; then, my very own notion is… In Saddharmapuṇḍarīka 112.8 (verse) read probably with Nepalese mss. pitā svakasya, his own father; svakasya = Sanskrit svasya = ātmanaḥ.
Svaka (स्वक).—mfn.
(-kaḥ-kā-kaṃ) Own, proper, peculiar. E. sva as above, kan added.
Svaka (स्वक).—[sva + ka], adj., f. kā, Own, [Pañcatantra] iii. [distich] 203.
Svaka (स्वक).—(poss. refl.) = [preceding]; [masculine] relative, friend; [neuter] wealth, property.
1) Śvaka (श्वक):—[from śvan] m. a wolf, [Nalacampū or damayantīkathā]
2) Svaka (स्वक):—[from sva] mf(akā or ikā)n. = sva1, one’s own, my own etc., [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.
3) [v.s. ...] m. one of one’s own people, a relation, kinsman, friend
4) [v.s. ...] m. [plural] one’s own people, friends, [Mṛcchakaṭikā; Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
5) [v.s. ...] n. one’s own goods property, wealth, riches, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature etc.]
1) Śvaka (श्वक):—(i, ṅa) śvaṃkate 1. d. To go.
2) Svaka (स्वक):—[(kaḥ-kā-kaṃ) a.] Own.
Svaka (स्वक):—= sva
1) adj. (f. svakā und svikā) [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 7, 3, 47.] [Vopadeva’s Grammatik 4, 7.] eigen (mein, dein, sein u.s.w.) [Amarakoṣa 3, 4, 7, 34.] Bezogen a) auf eine dritte Person und zwar α) auf das grammatische Subject: svakaṃ pitaramāśayet [Manu’s Gesetzbuch.3,220.4,14. 154.7,171. 185.8,50. 387.9,199. 207. 11,187. 12,71. fg.] [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch.2,44.] [Bhagavadgītā 11,50.] [Mahābhārata.3,3013. 2232. 2685. 2997. 13580.4,507.] [Rāmāyaṇa.1,8,25.2,110,35.3,55,2. 71,8.] [KĀM. NĪTIS. 10,26.] [Spr. (II) 4239. 5504.] [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 19,12.] [Kathāsaritsāgara.9,86. 20,40. 23,46. 25,261. 34,94] [?(im comp.). 46,128. 61,33. 66,190 (im comp.). Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 28,34. Bhāgavatapurāṇa.1,11,1. 12,29. 13,25. PACCAR.3,1,19. Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 856. SADDH. Pāṇini’s acht Bücher.4,11,b.] — β) im Relativsatze auf das grammatische Subject des vorangehenden Demonstrativ-Satzes: hanyātsa enaṃ yo hanyātkuladharmaṃ svakāṃ (svikāṃ ed. Bomb.) tanum [Mahābhārata 6, 123.] — γ) auf das logische Subject (instr.): yavanaireṣa nīyamānaḥ svakaṃ kṣayam [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 4, 28, 23.] [Spr. (II) 7049.] — δ) auf einen gen.: svakāṃ bhāryāṃ gacchatām [Mahābhārata 7, 2762.] tasya matirjātā vyākhyātuṃ pitaraṃ svakam [Rāmāyaṇa 1, 9, 27.] [Suśruta 1, 188, 1.] [Kathāsaritsāgara 32, 175.] — ε) auf einen acc.: añjayantiṃ svake netre [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 4, 44. 9, 273.] [Mahābhārata 1, 1357. 12, 1894.] pitaraṃ ca na paśyāmi kenādya bhavane svake [Rāmāyaṇa Gorresio 2, 74, 14.] — ζ) auf ein zu ergänzendes allgemeines Subject: bhāryā putraḥ svakā tanuḥ so v. a. die Gattin und der Sohn ist des Mannes Leib [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 4, 184.] — b) auf die zweite Person und zwar α) auf das grammatische Subject: svakāṃ nārīm nābhirocayase netuṃ tvam [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 29, 19.] — β) auf einen gen.: mā te svako rtho nipateta mohāt [Mahābhārata 4, 2126 (2127).] [Rāmāyaṇa 5, 64, 8.] — c) auf die erste Person: α) auf das grammatische Subject: svakaṃ sthānaṃ pratipannāḥ sma [Harivaṃśa 12878.] ratiṃ svakeṣu dāreṣu nādhigacchāmi [Rāmāyaṇa 3, 53, 33.] — β) auf den Sprechenden, trotzdem dass im Satz eine 2te imperat. steht: nivedayāma te sarvaṃ svake dāśakule vasa [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 84, 16.] — γ) auf einen gen.: svako yaṃ me bālaḥ sthitaḥ [Kathāsaritsāgara 51, 91.] —
2) m. ein Eigener, Angehöriger; pl. die Eigenen, Seinigen, Freunde: tulyo mitraparasvakeṣu [Mṛcchakaṭikā 137, 24.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 1, 8, 41. 13, 13. 3, 18, 12. 6, 11, 22. 8, 10, 2. 21, 18. 12, 3, 41.] anyasvakacakrato bhayam [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 61.] —
3) n. das Eigenen, Eigenthum: yatsvakena rājā tuṣyenna parasveṣu gṛdhyet [Mahābhārata 3, 225. 5, 616.] sarvaṃ balavatāṃ svakam [15, 842.] nārājake janapade svakaṃ bhavati kasyacit [Spr. (II) 3641.] yuvayoryanmadīyaṃ tanmāmakaṃ yuvayoḥ svakam [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 23, 83.]
Svaka (स्वक) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Saga, Saha.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+11): Shvakantaka, Svakala, Svakale, Svakalpa, Svakalpavidhi, Svakalpita, Svakama, Svakamata, Svakambala, Svakambila, Svakamin, Svakamini, Svakampana, Svakanya, Svakapolakalpane, Svakapolakalpita, Svakara, Svakarakara, Svakarana, Svakari.
Full-text (+26): Matarishvaka, Ashvaka, Karmasvaka, Svika, Svakasvaka, Abhiyoktavya, Zi ye, Svakajana, Karmasvakajnanabala, Svakavijita, Varttashin, Svakatevi, Parshvika, Kuvalashva, Vedodita, Pratichada, Svakiya, Ohara, Pariparshvika, Inherent.
Relevant text
Search found 44 books and stories containing Svaka, Shvaka, Śvaka; (plurals include: Svakas, Shvakas, Śvakas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Krishna Sandarbha of Jiva Goswami (by Kusakratha Prabhu)
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verses 6.14.29-30 < [Chapter 14 - The Glories of Ratnākara, Raivata, and Kācala]
Verse 4.14.12 < [Chapter 14 - The Story of the Jālandharīs]
Bhagavad-gita (with Vaishnava commentaries) (by Narayana Gosvami)
Verse 11.50 < [Chapter 11 - Viśvarūpa-darśana-yoga (beholding the Lord’s Universal Form)]
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Samyuta Nikaya (Linked Discourses)
Discourse 47.6: Sakuṇagghi-sutta < [47.1. Ambapāli-vagga: Ambapālī the Courtesan]
Discourse 22.100: Dutiyagaddulabaddha-sutta < [22.10. Puppha-vagga: Flowers]
Discourse 10.7: Punabbasu-sutta < [10.1. Indaka-vagga: The Chapter with Indaka]
Digha Nikaya (Long Discourses) (by Bhikkhu Sujato)
2.3. The Third Use of the Word “Primitives” < [Discourse 3: With Ambaṭṭha]
6.7. Informing the Wives < [Discourse 19: The Great Steward]
1. Taking Refuge in Oneself < [Discourse 26: The Wheel-Turning Monarch]