Susira, Shushira, Sushira, Suśirā, Suṣira, Śuṣira, Śuṣirā, Suśira: 22 definitions
Introduction:
Susira means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Buddhism, Pali, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit terms Suśirā and Suṣira and Śuṣira and Śuṣirā and Suśira can be transliterated into English as Susira or Sushira or Shushira, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Sushira stone has marks of long lines.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaivism
Suśirā (सुशिरा):—Name of one of the six deities which together form the third of the six groups of the aṣṭāviṃśatikrama (one of the main components in the worship of Kubjikā). This group of six deities is also referred to as ‘the auspicious six’ (anugraha-ṣaṭka) and is located in the Ghaṭasthāna. Their names are referred to in the kubjikāmata-tantra but actually described in the Ṣaṭsāhasra-saṃhitā.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Suṣira (सुषिर) refers to “hollow” musical instruments (ātodya), according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 30. Accordingly, “the hollow (suṣira) musical instruments, as the wise should know them, are made of bamboo (vaṃśa). The rules regarding their notes (svara) and the grāma are the same as that of the vīṇā”. According to the Nāṭyaśāstra 6.10 and chapter 28, it is part of the four groups of musical instruments (vādya).
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Kavya (poetry)
Suṣira (सुषिर) refers to “flutes” (and similar instruments), and is mentioned in the Naiṣadha-carita 15.16.
Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.
Shaktism
1) Suṣira (सुषिर) refers to a “cavity”, according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, “[...] Then (the triangular Liṅga), perceived by the Inner Self, enters the cavity (suṣira). He who is established in contemplation (samādhi) sees the surface of the Sky, which is in the form of the Point. (Then) penetration (āveśa), which is the arising of the bliss of consciousness, takes place. The experience of the proclamation (of the scripture—āśravaṇa-pratyaya) is that that is one's own nature”.
2) Suśira (सुशिर) [=Suṣira?] refers to “emptiness”, according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly ,“There is another divine aggregate of letters in this House, the City of the Moon of the triple goddess (bhagavatī). It is the Island of the Moon and, saluted with respect by the best of the gods, it is the House of (the goddess) who is called ‘Full’ (pūrṇanāmā). The goddess there is full (i.e. the full moon) and is well established on the path of the Transmission (krama). In the tradition (anvaya), she is (the goddess Kubjikā otherwise called) Kukārā. (She is the) energy (that operates) in each division and, within the beautiful Sky of Emptiness (su-suśira-gagana), she is free of the networks of the clouds (of ignorance)”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Gitashastra (science of music)
Suṣira (सुषिर, “hollow”) refers to “those instruments which are filled with holes (and is hollow from inside)” and represents one of the four kinds of Instrumental Music, produced by an instrument (ātodya), according to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.—The word suṣira means hollow. So it can be said that the instrument called suṣira is filled with holes and it is hollow from inside. The suṣira kind of instrument is also known as wind instrument. According to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, instruments like flute etc. fall under the group of suṣira kind of instrument.
In the Saṃgītaratnākara, different kinds of wind instruments are mentioned. These are—
- vaṃśa,
- pāva,
- pāvikā,
- muralī,
- madhukara,
- kāhala,
- tuṇḍukinya,
- cukkā,
- śṛṅgamata and
- śaṅkha.
Suṣira (सुषिर) refers to “wind instruments like the flute” and represents a classification of “musical instruments” (vādya), according to Abhinavabharatasārasaṅgraha of Mummaḍi Cikkabhūpāla. Suṣira-vādya is also mentioned by Bharata, Haripāla, Kohala and Dattila.—The classification of instruments into wind, percussion, stringed and metallic—is what most authorites right from Bharata have followed. The names of these classes might be altered a little by authors, but the fundamental concept remains the same.
Gitashastra (गीतशास्त्र, gītaśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science of Music (gita or samgita), which is traditionally divided in Vocal music, Instrumental music and Dance (under the jurisdiction of music). The different elements and technical terms are explained in a wide range of (often Sanskrit) literature.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Suṣira (सुषिर) refers to one of the four types of contrived sound (prāyogika) according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 5.24.—What is suṣira sound? The sound produced by wind musical instruments e.g. flute, the conch etc.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Biology (plants and animals)
Shushira in India is the name of a plant defined with Onosma echioides in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Cerinthe echioides L..
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Prop. Brit. Bot. (1929)
· Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. (1924)
· Species Plantarum (1753)
· Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. (1975)
· Taxon (1978)
· Species Plantarum (1762)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Shushira, for example side effects, extract dosage, health benefits, diet and recipes, pregnancy safety, chemical composition, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
susira : (nt.) a hollow. (adj.), perforated; having a hole.
Susira, (adj. -nt.) (Sk. śuṣira) perforated, full of holes, hollow J. I, 146; Sn. 199; J. I, 172, 442; DA. I, 261; Miln. 112; Vism. 194=DhsA. 199; KhA 172; asusira DhA. II, 148 (Bdhgh for eka-ghaṇa). (nt.) a hole; PvA. 62. (Page 720)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Sanskrit dictionary
Śuṣira (शुषिर).—a. [śuṣ-kirac] Full of holes, perforated.
-raḥ 1 Fire.
2) A rat or mouse.
-ram 1 A hole.
2) The atmosphere.
3) A wind-instrument.
--- OR ---
Śuṣirā (शुषिरा).—
1) A river.
2) A sort of perfume.
--- OR ---
Suṣira (सुषिर).—a.
1) Full of holes, hollow, perforated; चेतनावान्नरो हन्याद्यस्य नासुषिरं शिरः (cetanāvānnaro hanyādyasya nāsuṣiraṃ śiraḥ) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 12.266.33.
2) Slow in articulation.
-ram 1 A hole, an aperture, a cavity; सुषिराणि प्रवक्रिरे (suṣirāṇi pravakrire) Śiva B.13.92.
2) Any windinstrument (flutes and similar instruments); अवापुरुच्चैः सुषिराणि राणिताम् (avāpuruccaiḥ suṣirāṇi rāṇitām) N.15.16.
Śuṣira (शुषिर).—mfn.
(-raḥ-rā-raṃ) Perforated, bored, pierced, full of holes or spaces. n.
(-raṃ) 1. A hole, a vacuity, a chasm. 2. A wind-instrument. m.
(-raḥ) 1. Fire. 2. A rat. f.
(-rā) 1. A sort of perfume, commonly Nali. 2. A river in general. E. śuṣ to dry, Unadi aff. kirac .
--- OR ---
Suṣira (सुषिर).—mfn.
(-raḥ-rā-raṃ) 1. Perforated, pierced. 2. Having apertures or holes. n.
(-raṃ) 1. A hole, an opening. 2. A wind-instrument. f.
(-rā) Naluka, a perfume. m.
(-raḥ) Fire. E. sa substituted for śa: see śuṣira .
Śuṣira (शुषिर).—[śuṣ + ira], I. adj. Perforated (cf. śuṣa). Ii. m. 1. Fire. 2. A rat. Iii. n. 1. A hole. 2. A wind instrument.
Suṣira (सुषिर).—[adjective] hollow; [neuter] hole, cavity.
1) Śuṣira (शुषिर):—[from śuṣ] See suṣira.
2) Suṣira (सुषिर):—[=su-ṣira] [from su > su-ṣaṃsad] a See sub voce
3) [from suṣi] b mf(ā)n. ([probably] [from] su + sirā q.v., also written śuṣ) ‘having a good tube or channel’, perforated, pierced, hollow, [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc.
4) [v.s. ...] having spaces, [Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary]
5) [v.s. ...] slow in articulation (= vilambita) idem
6) [v.s. ...] m. ‘having a good flow of fluid or sap’, a reed, bamboo, cane, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
7) [v.s. ...] m. fire (also n.), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
8) [v.s. ...] m. a mouse, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
9) Suṣirā (सुषिरा):—[from suṣira > suṣi] f. a [particular] fragrant bark, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
10) [v.s. ...] a river, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
11) Suṣira (सुषिर):—[from suṣi] n. a hollow, hole, cavity, [Kāmandakīya-nītisāra; Mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇa]
12) [v.s. ...] a wind instrument, [Saṃgīta-sārasaṃgraha]
13) [v.s. ...] the air, atmosphere, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
14) [v.s. ...] cloves, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
1) Śuṣira (शुषिर):—[(raḥ-rī-raṃ) a.] Perforated. n. A hole; a wind instrument. m. Fire; a rat. 1. f. A perfume; a river.
2) Suṣira (सुषिर):—(raṃ) 1. n. A hole; wind instrument. m. Fire. 1. f. A perfume, Nali. a. Performated, pierced.
Suṣira (सुषिर):—[Uṇādisūtra 1, 52] (śu).
1) adj. (f. ā) [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 5, 2, 107.] hohl [Amarakoṣa 1, 2, 1, 2.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha 3, 613. fg.] [Medinīkoṣa r. 230. fg.] sūrmī [Ṛgveda 8, 58, 12.] [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 8, 7, 3, 3.] Rohr [6, 3, 1, 26. 31. fg. 3, 5.] [Taittirīyasaṃhitā 5, 1, 1, 4.] [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 16, 2, 5.] Baum [Ṣaḍviṃśabrāhmaṇa 4, 4.] Mund [Prātiśākhya zum Ṛgveda 14, 2.] Zahn [Suśruta 2, 128, 17.] snāyu [1, 341, 13. 16. 87, 15.] nāḍīyantra [VĀGBH.1,25,11. 22.] [Mahābhārata 12,9513.] [Weber’s Indische Studien.2,66.9,33. 10,314.] [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 53,88. 54,49. 68,111. 79,29. 33.] [Kathāsaritsāgara 29,145. 70,96. 71. 160.] [Rājataraṅgiṇī.1,128.4,317.] [Oxforder Handschriften 51,b,32.] —
2) m. a) Rohr, Bambusrohr [Rājanirghaṇṭa 7, 36.] — b) Feuer [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] (m. n.!). [VIŚVA im Śabdakalpadruma] — c) Maus [Medinīkoṣa] —
3) f. ā a) eine best. wohlriechende Pflanze (naṭī) [Amarakoṣa 2, 4, 4, 17.] [Rājanirghaṇṭa 12, 163.] — b) Fluss [Dharaṇīkoṣa im Śabdakalpadruma] beruht auf einer Verwechselung von naṭī mit nadī . —
4) n. a) Höhlung [Amarakoṣa 1, 2, 1, 1.] [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 3, 3, 375.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 1363.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] (n. in der Bed. von vivara, m. n. in der von garta). [Halāyudha 3, 2.] [Weber’s Indische Studien 1, 450. 2, 93.] [GOLĀDHY.] [YANTRĀDH. 20. 24. 52.] stambha [KĀM. NĪTIS. 17, 51.] antra [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 11, 11.] nābheḥ [43, 30.] vivara einer Schlange [morgenländischen Gesellschaft 27, 21.] — b) ein Blasinstrument [Amarakoṣa 1, 1, 7, 4.] [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 287.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] [Harivaṃśa 8688.] — c) der Luftraum [UJJVAL.] — d) Gewürznelke [Rājanirghaṇṭa 12, 85.] — Häufig śuṣira geschrieben. Vgl. sauṣira, sauṣirya .
Śuṣira (शुषिर) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Jhūsira, Susira.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Prakrit-English dictionary
Susira (सुसिर) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Śuṣira.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Śuṣira (ಶುಷಿರ):—[adjective] having a hole or holes.
--- OR ---
Śuṣira (ಶುಷಿರ):—
1) [noun] a hole; a chasm.
2) [noun] any musical instrument that has a hole or holes (as flute, clarinet, etc.).
--- OR ---
Suṣira (ಸುಷಿರ):—[adjective] having a hole or holes (as wind instruments); perforated.
--- OR ---
Suṣira (ಸುಷಿರ):—
1) [noun] a hole.
2) [noun] any of several wind instruments (as flute).
--- OR ---
Susira (ಸುಸಿರ):—[noun] = ಸುಷಿರ [sushira]2.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Śuṣira (शुषिर):—adj. fill of holes; perforated; n. 1. hole; 2. the atmosphere; 3. a wind instrument;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): Sira, Cira, Cu, Shu.
Starts with (+0): Cuciram, Shushiravadya, Sushiraccheda, Sushiradanta, Sushiragraga, Sushiras, Sushirata, Sushiratva, Sushiravat, Sushiravivara, Sushiravivarin.
Full-text (+50): Sushiras, Asushira, Shushiravadya, Sushirata, Sushiratva, Antahsushira, Rukkhasusira, Sushiravivarin, Avasushira, Sushiravat, Sushiravivara, Shuci, Sushiradanta, Sushiraccheda, Kayasusira, Adittasusirarukkha, Cuciram, Antosusira, Mahasusira, Saushira.
Relevant text
Search found 58 books and stories containing Susira, Shushira, Su-shira, Su-ṣira, Su-sira, Sushira, Suśirā, Suṣira, Śuṣira, Śuṣirā, Suśira, Suṣirā; (plurals include: Susiras, Shushiras, shiras, ṣiras, siras, Sushiras, Suśirās, Suṣiras, Śuṣiras, Śuṣirās, Suśiras, Suṣirās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Amarakoshodghatana of Kshirasvamin (study) (by A. Yamuna Devi)
Musical instruments (e.g., Stringed, Percussions, Cymbals and Wind-blown) < [Chapter 4 - Cultural Aspects]
Fauna (7): Aquatic Animals < [Chapter 5 - Aspects of Nature]
Vishnudharmottara Purana (Art and Architecture) (by Bhagyashree Sarma)
4. Instrumental Music (Vādya) < [Chapter 2 - Music]
3. The Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa and Modern Music < [Chapter 6 - Modern Relevance of Different Art Forms and Architecture]
7(a): Portrait of Men and Women < [Chapter 5 - Painting and Image Making]
Kohala in the Sanskrit textual tradition (Study) (by Padma Sugavanam)
Kohala and Gītā (16): The concept of Vādya < [Chapter 2 - Kohala as seen in citations]
Part 20 - Citations of Kohala in the Abhinavabharatasārasaṅgraha < [Chapter 3 - Kohala as seen in citations—an analysis]
Part 1(a).3 - Contents of Kohalamatam < [Chapter 4 - Works attributed to Kohala]
Musical Instruments in Sanskrit Literature (by S. Karthick Raj KMoundinya)
Musical instruments according to Magha < [Chapter 3 - Musical Instruments of India (with reference to Sanskrit literary sources)]
Brinda or Vrinda—The orchestra < [Chapter 2 - Origin and evolution of Music and Musical instruments]
Classification of Indian Musical instruments < [Chapter 2 - Origin and evolution of Music and Musical instruments]
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
Rig Veda 8.69.12 < [Sukta 69]
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Shalakya tantra in chakradatta a literary review < [2017: Volume 6, August special issue 9]
Comparative study of snayu sharir < [2023: Volume 12, April issue 5]
‘critical study of snayu w.s.r to pratanvati snayu’ < [2021: Volume 10, March issue 3]