Surata, Shurata, Su-rata, Surat, Sūrata, Suratā: 26 definitions
Introduction:
Surata means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaSuratā (सुरता).—A celestial damsel, daughter of Kaśyapaprajāpati by his wife Pradhā. (Ādi Parva, Chapter 65, Verse 50). She gave a dance performance at the birthday celebrations of Arjuna. (Ādi Parva, Chapter 122, Verse 63).
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationSurata (सुरत) refers to “mutual sexual intercourse”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.5.—Accordingly, after Goddess Śivā (i.e., Umā/Durgā) granted a boon to Menā:—“Saying so, the Goddess Śivā vanished from there even as Menā was watching. [...] She told her husband about the boon, which had already been understood by him through good omens, by her words which were rendered useless. On hearing the words of Menā, the lord of mountains became delighted. He praised his wife who was devoted to Śiva lovingly. O sage, when their mutual sexual intercourse [i.e., surata] took place, Menā conceived and the child in the womb gradually grew up. [...]”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Source: academia.edu: Tessitori Collection I (hinduism)Sūrata (सूरत) or “Sūrata Miśra” is the author of the Amaracandrikā (dealing with Poetics and Erotics), which is included in the collection of manuscripts at the ‘Vincenzo Joppi’ library, collected by Luigi Pio Tessitori during his visit to Rajasthan between 1914 and 1919.—Sūrata (or Sūrati) Miśra was a Brahman of Agra who has at least ten works to his credit, several of which testify to his sustained interest in poetics, understood as rhetorical figures (alaṃkāra), classification of female characters in relation to love (nāyikābheda) and esthetics (rasa). This trend is illustrated by his commentaries on Keśavdās’s Kavipriyā and Rasikapriyā, and by the present work which was composed in VS 1794 = 1737 century.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan BuddhismSurata (सुरत) is the name of a Tathāgata (Buddha) mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa: one of the largest Kriyā Tantras devoted to Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śākyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Surata).
Source: Google Books: An Illustrated History of the MandalaSurata (सुरत, “pleasure”) refers to one of the Seventeen Viśuddhipadas (“stations of purity”) and is associated with the deity Vajrasattva, according to the Prajñāpāramitānayasūtra: an ancient Buddhist Tantric text recited daily in the Japanese Shingon sect which is closely related to the Sarvatathāgatatattvasaṃgraha.—The visualization of the seventeen-deity maṇḍala, representing the deification of the seventeen Viśuddhipadas [e.g., surata], was thought to facilitate the attainment of enlightenment through the sublimation of the defilements into the mind of enlightenment (bodhicitta).
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
India history and geography
Source: Wisdom Library: Teachers, Saints and Sages1) Surata or Suratnatha refers to one of the “nine saints” (Navnath), according to Jogendra Nath Bhattacharya in his Hindu Castes and Sects and G. W. Briggs in his Gorakhnath and the Kanphata Yogis.—These nine teachers form the basis of the Navnath Sampradaya (the lineage of the nine Gurus). They are worshipped collectively as well as individually. [...] The nine teachers [e.g., Surat-natha] are considered representative of great teachers in this tradition or Parampara tradition—a succession of Teachers (Gurus) and Disciples (Shishyasa) in Indian-origin religions such as Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism and Buddhism.
2) Surata (सुरत) or Suratanātha refers to one of the eighty-four Siddhas (Siddhācāryas) mentioned in various sources as being representative teachers of Sahajiya Tantrism, Alchemy, Nath Sampradaya and other traditions having influence in the Indian subcontinent and the Himalayas.—Many of these Mahāsiddhas [e.g., Surata-nātha] were historical figures whose lives and mystical powers were the subject of legends. They are often associated with teachings belonging to Hinduism, Buddhism, Ajivikism and Jainism and are evident of a caste-less interreligious spiritual society.
Source: Jainworld: Jain History (h)Surat is an important station of the Western Railway, and its ancient name was Sūryapura. The important Jaina temples of this place were of Candraprabhu, Ādinātha and Vāsupūjya. Bhaṭṭāraka Jñānasāgra mentions Candraprabhu temple as Atiśaya in his Sarvatīrtha-vandanā. Adinātha Jinālaya and Vāsupūjya Jinālaya became literary centres. Bhaṭṭāraka Devendrakīrti, disciple of Padmanandi, established the seat of the Mūlasaṃgha at Surat, and he established the Ratnākara caste after converting seven hundred families to Jainism. Devendrakīrti performed the installation of several images in Avanti region. Surat was also a seat of the Bhaṭṭārakas of the Kāṣṭhā Saṃgha. A temple of Ṛṣabha of this place has been mentioned in a literary record of V.S. 1664.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Wisdom Library: Local Names of Plants and DrugsSurat [सूराट] in the Marathi language is the name of a plant identified with Achyranthes aspera L. from the Amaranthaceae (Amaranth) family. For the possible medicinal usage of surat, you can check this page for potential sources and references, although be aware that any some or none of the side-effects may not be mentioned here, wether they be harmful or beneficial to health.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionarysurata : (adj.) well-loving; devoted; attached. || sūratā (f.), valour.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionarySūrata, (=surata) soft, mild J. VI, 286; Mhbv 75; kindly disposed S. IV, 305. Cp. surata & sorata. (Page 722)
— or —
Surata, (adj.) (su+rata) (in good sense: ) well-loving, devoted: see soracca; (in bad sense: ) sexual intercourse, thus wrongly for soracca at J. III, 442 C. , with explanation as “dussīlya. ” Cp. sūrata. (Page 720)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarysurata (सुरत).—f (surāṣṭra S Good territory or region.) The city and province of Surat.
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surata (सुरत).—n S Congress of the sexes.
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surata (सुरत).—f ī or ē ( A) The countenance, visage, features, face. suratēcā bhalā kamarēcā ḍhilā Used of a man or an animal of fine and handsome appearance but without vigor or strength.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishsuraṭa (सुरट).—m n A hairy kind of caterpillar.
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surata (सुरत).—f The countenance. The city and province of surata.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionarySūrata (सूरत).—a.
1) Kindly-disposed, compassionate, tender.
2) Calm, tranquil.
-tā A tractable cow.
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Sūrata (सूरत).—a.
1) Compassionate, tender.
2) Tranquil, calm.
-tā A tractable cow.
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Surata (सुरत).—a.
1) much sported.
2) playful.
3) much enjoyed.
4) compassionate, tender. (-tam) 1 great delight or enjoyment.
2) copulation, sexual union or intercourse, coition; सुरतमृदिता बालवनिता (suratamṛditā bālavanitā) Bhartṛhari 2. 44. °गुरुः (guruḥ) the husband; पर्यच्छे सरसि हृतेंऽशुके पयोभिर्लोलाक्षे सुरतगुरावपत्रपिष्णोः (paryacche sarasi hṛteṃ'śuke payobhirlolākṣe suratagurāvapatrapiṣṇoḥ) Śiśupālavadha 8.46. °ताण्डवम् (tāṇḍavam) vigorous sexual movements; अद्यापि तां सुरतताण्डवसूत्रधारीं (adyāpi tāṃ suratatāṇḍavasūtradhārīṃ) (smarāmi) Bil. Ch. Uttara.28. °ताली (tālī)
1) a female messenger, a go-between.
2) a chaplet, garland for the head. °प्रसंगः (prasaṃgaḥ) addiction to amorous pleasures; कालक्रमेणाथ योः प्रवृत्ते स्वरूपयोग्ये सुरत- प्रसंगे (kālakrameṇātha yoḥ pravṛtte svarūpayogye surata- prasaṃge) Kumārasambhava 1.19.
Surata is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms su and rata (रत).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionarySurata (सुरत).—adj. (= sūrata, q.v.; meter probably not con-cerned; su° noted either in prose or in metrical(ly) indifferent places in verses), gentle, mild; associated with kṣānti: Mahāvastu ii.368.2; 371.8; 355.21 = iii.280.6 (all verses; Senart always sū°, but mss. su° except one v.l. ii.355.21); with sukha- saṃvāsa, q.v., Sukhāvatīvyūha 25.15; 61.7 (both prose).
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Sūrata (सूरत).—adj. (also surata, q.v., and compare sauratya; = Pali sūrata, oftener sorata; usually in verses, but sometimes prose, and sometimes where meter does not determine quantity of the ū; the word is no doubt orig. a [compound] of su-and rata, tho in a sense not known to Sanskrit, except both su° and sū° in Sanskrit Lex.; Leumann's [etymology], ap. Wogihara, Lex. aus der Bodhisattvabhūmi., from sūnṛta, whence *sūrṇta, then sūrata, as if proto-IE., is absurd), gentle, mild, frequent as epithet of Buddha: Mahāvyutpatti 2360 = Tibetan des pa, defined fine, brave, noble, chaste; this word is the regular Tibetan for this and sauratya, but in Śikṣāsamuccaya 196.2 Tibetan according to note in ed. dul, gentle; Saddharmapuṇḍarīka 46.3; Lalitavistara 170.22; 178.19; 193.10; Rāṣṭrapālaparipṛcchā 10.14; 13.5; 37.17; Kāśyapa Parivarta 107.26; Gaṇḍavyūha 480.6; followed by sukhasaṃvāsa, q.v., Mahāvastu ii.357.12; Daśabhūmikasūtra 40.7 (prose).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryŚūratā (शूरता).—f.
(-tā) Heroism, prowess. E. tal added to śūra; also with tva, śūratvaṃ .
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Surata (सुरत).—mfn.
(-taḥ-tā-taṃ) 1. Compassionate, tender. 2. Playful. 3. Much enjoyed. n.
(-taṃ) 1. Copulation, coition. 2. Great enjoyment. f.
(-tā) Godhead, divinity. E. su well, ram to sport or play, aff. kta; or sura a deity, and tal aff. of state or condition.
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Sūrata (सूरत).—mfn.
(-taḥ-tā-taṃ) 1. Compassionate, tender. 2. Tranquil, calm. E. su well. ram to sport or rest, kta Unadi aff., and the vowel of the prefix made long; also surata .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryŚūratā (शूरता).—[śūra + tā], f. Prowess, heroism, [Hitopadeśa] iii. [distich] 44.
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Sūrata (सूरत).—i. e. su-rata (see ram), adj. 1. Compassionate, tender. 2. Calm, tranquil.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryŚūratā (शूरता).—[feminine] tva [neuter] boldness, heroism.
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Surata (सुरत).—[neuter] great delight, [especially] amorous pleasure, sexual intercourse.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Śūratā (शूरता):—[=śūra-tā] [from śūra > sūr] f.
2) Surata (सुरत):—[=su-rata] [from su > su-yaj] a mfn. sporting, playful, [Uṇādi-sūtra v, 14 [Scholiast or Commentator]]
3) [v.s. ...] compassionate, tender, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
4) [v.s. ...] m. Name of a mendicant, [Buddhist literature]
5) Suratā (सुरता):—[=su-ratā] [from su-rata > su > su-yaj] a f. a wife, [Harivaṃśa] ([Scholiast or Commentator])
6) [v.s. ...] Name of an Apsaras, [Mahābhārata]
7) Surata (सुरत):—[=su-rata] [from su > su-yaj] n. great joy or delight, [ib.]
8) [v.s. ...] n. (ifc. f(ā). ) amorous or sexual pleasure or intercourse, coition, [Kāvya literature; Kathāsaritsāgara] etc.
9) Suratā (सुरता):—[=sura-tā] [from sura > sur] b f. godhead, [Mahābhārata]
10) [v.s. ...] the rice of gods, [Catalogue(s)]
11) Surata (सुरत):—[=su-rata] b etc. See p. 1232, col. 1.
12) Sūrata (सूरत):—[=sū-rata] mfn. (for su-r) well disposed towards, compassionate, tender, [Uṇādi-sūtra v, 14]
13) [v.s. ...] tranquil, calm, [ib.]
14) Sūratā (सूरता):—[=sū-ratā] [from sū-rata] f. a tractable cow, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Śūratā (शूरता):—(tā) 1. f. Heroism.
2) Surata (सुरत):—[su-rata] (taṃ) 1. n. Copulation. 1. f. Divinity. a. Tender, kind.
3) Sūrata (सूरत):—[(taḥ-tā-taṃ) a.] Compassionate, tender, tranquil.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Surata (सुरत) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Suraya.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionarySūrata (सूरत) [Also spelled surat]:—(nf) countenance, face; appearance, looks; form; case; condition, state; ~[parasta] a beauty-worshipper, a hanker after looks; ~[vālā] beautiful, good-looking; -[śakla] appearance; looks; -[sīrata] beauty and quality; looks and merits; ~[harāma] of deceptive looks; [sūrata(e)hāla] present state/condition; —[dikhānā] to show up, to turn up; —[najara ānā] to find a way out, to think of a solution (to a problem); —[nikala ānā] to grow prettier; a solution (to a problem) to emerge; —[badalanā] to disguise; things to change; —[bigā- ḍanā] to deface; to make wry faces; to express displeasure; —[meṃ isa] in this case; —[se bejāra honā] not to be able to stand the sight of; to be absolutely fed up of; —[se sīrata kā aṃdāja nahīṃ hotā] beauty is but skin deep, all that glitters is not gold.
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionarySurat in Hindi refers in English to:—(nf) countenance, face; appearance, looks; form; case; condition, state; ~[parasta] a beauty-worshipper, a hanker after looks; ~[vala] beautiful, good-looking; -[shakla] appearance; looks; -[sirata] beauty and quality; looks and merits; ~[harama] of deceptive looks; [surata(e)hala] present state/condition; —[dikhana] to show up, to turn up; —[najara ana] to find a way out, to think of a solution (to a problem); —[nikala ana] to grow prettier; a solution (to a problem) to emerge; —[badalana] to disguise; things to change; —[biga- dana] to deface; to make wry faces; to express displeasure; —[mem isa] in this case; —[se bejara hona] not to be able to stand the sight of; to be absolutely fed up of; —[se sirata ka amdaja nahim hota] beauty is but skin deep, all that glitters is not gold..—surat (सूरत) is alternatively transliterated as Sūrata.
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Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusSurata (ಸುರತ):—[noun] sexual intercourse; coition.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Source: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary1) Surata (सुरत):—n. lover's pleasure; sexual intercourse; copulation;
2) Surata (सुरत):—n. spades (in cards);
Source: unoes: Nepali-English DictionarySurat is another spelling for सुरत [surata].—n. lover's pleasure; sexual intercourse; copulation;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Sura, Cu, Rata, Shu, Cura, Ta.
Starts with (+11): Shuratama, Suratabandha, Suratabheda, Suratadipika, Suratagahvara, Surataglani, Suratajanita, Suratakeli, Suratakrida, Suratakride, Suratala, Suratamridita, Suratanagara, Suratanagarapura, Suratanasimha, Suratanivritti, Suratapradipa, Surataprasanga, Surataprasangin, Suratapriya.
Full-text (+93): Suratakalpataru, Dirghasurata, Suratasimha, Suratatali, Surataprabha, Suratamanjari, Suratapriya, Surataprasanga, Varasurata, Suratam, Suratakrida, Suratanivritti, Suratamridita, Suratavishesha, Surataglani, Surataprasangin, Suratavarnana, Suratapradipa, Suratagahvara, Caurisurata.
Relevant text
Search found 38 books and stories containing Surata, Shura-ta, Shurata, Su-ratā, Su-rata, Sū-rata, Sū-ratā, Sura-ta, Sura-tā, Śūra-tā, Sūrata, Suratā, Śūratā, Suraṭa, Sūratā; (plurals include: Suratas, tas, Shuratas, ratās, ratas, tās, Sūratas, Suratās, Śūratās, Suraṭas, Sūratās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Puranic encyclopaedia (by Vettam Mani)
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 10.244 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Text 10.78 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]
Text 1.7 < [Chapter 1 - The Purpose of Poetry]
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Brihat Jataka by Varahamihira [Sanskrit/English] (by Michael D Neely)
Verse 20.8 < [Chapter 20 - Houses]
Verse 17.6 < [Chapter 17 - Disposition of the Zodiac Signs Containing the Moon]
Verse 17.3 < [Chapter 17 - Disposition of the Zodiac Signs Containing the Moon]
Bhajana-Rahasya (by Srila Bhaktivinoda Thakura Mahasaya)