Sukumara, Sukumāra, Sukumārā, Su-kumara: 28 definitions

Introduction
In Hinduism
1. Purana
2. Natyashastra
3. Pancaratra
4. Shaktism
5. Arts
Biology
Languages
1. Pali
2. Marathi
3. Sanskrit
4. Hindi
5. Prakrit
6. Kannada
See also
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Introduction:

Sukumara means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Buddhism, Pali, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

Alternative spellings of this word include Sukumar.

In Hinduism

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: Wisdom Library: Bhagavata Purana

Sukumāra (सुकुमार):—Son of Dhṛṣṭaketu (son of Satyaketu). His son was called Vītihotra. (see Bhāgavata Purāṇa 9.17.9)

Source: Google Books: Cultural History from the Vāyu Purāna

Sukumāra (सुकुमार):—One of the seven sons of Havya (lord of Śākadvīpa). His varṣa is also called the same: sukumāravarṣa.

Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

1) Sukumāra (सुकुमार).—A Pulinda King. The name of the capital of this King was also Sukumāra. It is stated in Mahābhārata, Sabhā Parva, Chapter 29, Verse 10, that King Sukumāra was the son of King Sumitra. It is stated in some other Purāṇas that Sucitra was the father of Sukumāra and that during his regional conquest of the east Bhīmasena had defeated both. On another occasion Sahadeva, who had gone for the regional conquest of the south, also defeated both Sukumāra and his father. (Mahābhārata Sabhā Parva, Chapter 31, Verse 4).

When the battle of Bhārata was about to begin, Sukumāra, the King af Pulinda joined the side of the Pāṇḍavas. It is stated in Mahābhārata, Udyoga Parva, Chapter 171, Verse 15, that King Sukumāra became one of the prominent chariot-fighters of the Pāṇḍava army. (See full article at Story of Sukumāra from the Puranic encyclopaedia by Vettam Mani)

2) Sukumāra (सुकुमार).—A nāga (serpent) who was born in the family of Takṣaka. This serpent was burned to death in the sacrificial fire of Janamejaya. (Mahābhārata Ādi Parva, Chapter 57, Verse 9).

3) Sukumāra (सुकुमार).—A King of the Puru dynasty. The father of this King was Vibhu, the son of Varṣaketu. Two sons named Ānarta and Sukumāra were born to Vibhu. The King Satyaketu was the son of Sukumāra. (Agni Purāṇa, Chapter 278).

4) Sukumāra (सुकुमार).—A Sanskrit poet. There is a story about the devotion of Sukumāra to his teacher. Though Sukumāra was a dutiful student his teacher used to scold him always. Consequently Sukumāra harboured malice in his heart against his teacher. One night Sukumāra got on the upper attic of the house of the teacher with a big stone. His aim was to drop the stone on the head of the teacher. But that night the conversation of the teacher and his wife was about Sukumāra. The wife asked the teacher why he was scolding his disciple so often, when he was so dutiful and righteous. The teacher said that he loved him most and that the chastisement was meant to make him better and better. When Sukumāra heard this his heart was broken. With tears in his eyes, he got down with the stone and disappeared in darkness.

Next morning Sukumāra had no peace of mind. He approached the teacher. He asked the teacher "What is the punishment destined for him who had tried to kill his teacher?" The teacher replied that he should die a slow death in the fire made by the husk of paddy. Instantly Sukumāra made a pit and stood in it and filled the pit with husk up to his neck and set fire to the pile. When the teacher knew that the culprit was Sukumāra, he was filled with grief. He tried his best to dissuade his beloved disciple from his attempt. But it was in vain. While he was slowly burning in the fire he composed and sang the great poem 'Śrī Kṛṣṇa Vilāsa'. The poet was not able to complete the twelfth Sarga of Śrī Kṛṣṇa Vilāsa.

5) Sukumāra (सुकुमार).—The son of King Bhavya who was the ruler of Śāka Island. (Mahābhārata Bhīṣma Parva, Chapter 12, Verse 26).

6) Sukumāra (सुकुमार).—An ancient place. This place was near the mountain Jaladhāragiri in the Śāka Island. (Mahābhārata Bhīṣma Parva, Chapter 11, Stanza 21).

7) Sukumāra (सुकुमार).—The capital city of the Pulindas. (See under Sukumāra III).

Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

Sukumāra (सुकुमार) refers to “tender”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.9.—Accordingly, as Brahmā narrated to Nārada:—“On hearing these words of the lord of mountains, Mena was greatly delighted. She approached her daughter to advise her to take interest in penance. On seeing the tender [i.e., sukumāra] limbs of her daughter, Menakā was greatly distressed. Her eyes welled up in tears immediately. The beloved of the lord of mountains was unable to advise her daughter to perform penance. Pārvatī understood the implied wish of her mother quickly. Then the omniscient supreme goddess Pārvatī immediately spoke to her mother after consoling her again and again”.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1a) Sukumāra (सुकुमार).—King: a son of Dhṛṣṭaketu and father of Vītihotra.^*

* Bhāgavata-purāṇa IX. 17. 9.

1b) A son of Havya: after him Sukumāra varṣa.^*

* Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 14. 17-19; Vāyu-purāṇa 33. 16.

1c) A son of Suvibhu and father of Dhṛṣṭaketu.^*

* Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 67. 76; Vāyu-purāṇa 92. 71; Viṣṇu-purāṇa IV. 8. 20.

1d) A son of Bhavya of Śākadvīpa.^*

* Viṣṇu-purāṇa II. 4. 60.

1e) A kingdom of Śākadvīpa down the Jalada hill; named after Sukumāra.^*

* Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 14. 19; 19. 91; Matsya-purāṇa 122. 21; Vāyu-purāṇa 33. 18. 49. 86.

Source: JatLand: List of Mahabharata people and places

Sukumāra (सुकुमार) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. I.52.8, I.57, I.177.9) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Sukumāra) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.

context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstra

1) Sukumāra (सुकुमार, “delicate”) refers to one of the two types of production of a dramatic play (nāṭya). It is a Sanskrit technical term defined in the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 14. The Nāṭaka, the Prakaraṇa, the Vīthī and the Aṅka ate plays of the delicate type (sukumāra), and they depend for their production on an impersonation of human beings only.

According to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 34, “Nāṭaka, Prakaraṇa, Bhāṇa, Vīthī and Aṅka are to be known of the delicate type. For they depend on human beings. This delicate type of production is pleasing to kings. Hence plays of this class including the Erotic Sentiment, should be produced by women”.

2) Sukumārā (सुकुमारा) is the name of a meter described in the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 32:—“the metre which has in the feet of sixteen syllables the first, the fourth, the seventh the tenth and the last long, is sukumārā”.

Source: Wisdom Library: Saṅgītaśiromaṇi

Sukumāra (सुकुमार, “lovely”) refers to one of the ten good qualities (guṇa) of a song (gīta), according to the Saṅgītaśiromaṇi 14.75-76, where they are commonly known as the gītaguṇa. The Saṅgītaśiromaṇi (“crest-jewel of music”) is a 15th-century Sanskrit work on Indian musicology (gāndharvaśāstra). Accordingly, “when the song is full of the quality of loveliness, it is lovely (sukumāra)”.

Source: Google Books: Saṅgītaśiromaṇi: A Medieval Handbook of Indian Music

Sukumāra (सुकुमार, “delicate”) refers to a musical expression corresponding with vāsava (supreme), the fourteenth word of the elā composition (prabandha).—When the syllables and the scale pattern (mūrchanā) are gentle, it is the delicate (sukumāra) type of sound.

context information

Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)

Source: archive.org: Isvara Samhita Vol 5

Sukumāra (सुकुमार) refers to one of the ten varieties of “rice” (śāli) according to verse 25.60b-61 of the Īśvarasaṃhitā which deals with the classification of the places for building the fire-pits (kuṇḍa). Śāli represents one of the seven village-corns that are fit for food-offerings. Accordingly, “Śāli (e.g., sukumāra) is important among them. Others are to be taken in its absence or that of others”.

context information

Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.

Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

Sukumāra (सुकुमार) refers to “very soft”, according to the Kularatnoddyota, one of the earliest Kubjikā Tantras.—Accordingly, “[...] (The gross form has) five faces, ten arms and, pure, it has a smiling face. [...] Her stomach is thin, navel, deep set and thighs large. (Her) hips and knees are very soft [i.e., sukumāra-ūru-jānukā]. She has beautiful thighs and red finger (nails) that are very beautiful. She (wears) beautiful cloths, a divine garland and an excellent shawl. (She wears) a necklace made of large gems, bangles on her limbs, anklets and a blazing diadem of rubies (māṇikya). O supreme mistress, adorned with divine rings (on her fingers), she sits on a svastika (as her) seat”.

context information

Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

Sports, Arts and Entertainment (wordly enjoyments)

Source: archive.org: Syainika Sastra of Rudradeva with English Translation (art)

Sukumāra (सुकुमार) refers to “(those birds) having a delicate composition”, according to the Śyainika-śāstra: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by Rājā Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.—Accordingly, [while discussing the yellow-eyed division of hawks]: “There are four kinds of Vāsa. [...] The Dhāvanās are spare in body and delicate in make (sukumāra), but are swift in flight”.

context information

This section covers the skills and profiencies of the Kalas (“performing arts”) and Shastras (“sciences”) involving ancient Indian traditions of sports, games, arts, entertainment, love-making and other means of wordly enjoyments. Traditionally these topics were dealt with in Sanskrit treatises explaing the philosophy and the justification of enjoying the pleasures of the senses.

Biology (plants and animals)

Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)

1) Sukumara in India is the name of a plant defined with Michelia champaca in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Talauma villosa Miq. fo. celebica Miq. (among others).

2) Sukumara is also identified with Vigna unguiculata It has the synonym Phaseolus sphaerospermus L. (etc.).

Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):

· Synopseos Plantarum (Persoon) (1806)
· Flora van Nederlandsch Indie, (1861)
· Mant. Pl. (1767)
· Mantissa Plantarum (1767)
· Mémoires de l’Institut Égyptien (1889)
· Über Befruchtungsverhältnisse bei Hülsenfrüchten (1898)

If you are looking for specific details regarding Sukumara, for example diet and recipes, side effects, extract dosage, health benefits, pregnancy safety, chemical composition, have a look at these references.

context information

This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.

Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

sukumāra : (adj.) delicate.

context information

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

sukumāra (सुकुमार).—a (S su Very, kumāra Young.) Tender, soft, fine, delicate.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

sukumāra (सुकुमार).—a Tender, soft, delicate.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Sukumāra (सुकुमार).—a.

1) very delicate or soft, smooth.

2) beautifully young or youthful. (-raḥ) 1 a beautiful youth.

2) a kind of sugar-cane.

3) a kind of grain (śyāmāka).

4) a kind of mustard.

5) the wild Champaka. (-rā) 1 the double jasmine.

2) the plantain.

3) the great-flowered jasmine.

Sukumāra is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms su and kumāra (कुमार).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Sukumāra (सुकुमार).—mfn.

(-raḥ-rā or -rī-raṃ) 1. Soft, smooth, tender. 2. Youthful, young. m.

(-raḥ) 1. A variety of the sugar-cane. 2. A sort of the grain, (Panicum colonum, &c.) 3. A wild kind of Champaka. 4. The name of a Daitya. 5. A beautiful young man. f.

(-rā) 1. Double jasmine. 2. Great-flowered jasmine. 3. The plantain. 4. The name of a river. E. su very, exceedingly, kumāra soft, young.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Sukumāra (सुकुमार).—I. adj. 1. soft, smooth. 2. youthful. 3. delicate. Ii. m., and f. rā, names of several plants.

Sukumāra is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms su and kumāra (कुमार).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Sukumāra (सुकुमार).—[feminine] ī delicate; [abstract] tā [feminine], tva [neuter]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus Catalogorum

Sukumāra (सुकुमार) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—Kṛṣṇavilāsa kāvya.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Sukumāra (सुकुमार):—[=su-kumāra] [from su] mf(ī)n. very tender or delicate, [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa] etc.

2) [v.s. ...] m. a delicate youth, [ib.]

3) [v.s. ...] tenderness, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

4) [v.s. ...] sugar-cane and various other plants (Jonesia Asoka; the wild Campaka; Panicum Frumentaceum etc.), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

5) [v.s. ...] Name of a serpent-demon, [Mahābhārata]

6) [v.s. ...] of a Daitya, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

7) [v.s. ...] of various kings, [Mahābhārata; Harivaṃśa; Purāṇa]

8) [v.s. ...] of a poet, [Catalogue(s)]

9) [v.s. ...] of a Varṣa, [Mahābhārata; Mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇa]

10) Sukumārā (सुकुमारा):—[=su-kumārā] [from su-kumāra > su] f. Jasminum Sambac or Grandiflorum, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

11) [v.s. ...] Musa Sapientum, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

12) [v.s. ...] Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

13) [v.s. ...] Trigonella Corniculata, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

14) [v.s. ...] Name of a river, [Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Sukumāra (सुकुमार):—[su-kumāra] (raḥ-rā-rī-raṃ) a. Soft, tender, youthful. m. A species of sugarcane, of grain, of Champac, of demons. 1. f. Double jessamine; plantain; name of a river.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Sukumāra (सुकुमार) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Saumāra, Sukumāra, Sukumāla.

[Sanskrit to German]

Sukumara in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Sukumāra (सुकुमार) [Also spelled sukumar]:—(a) delicate, tender; ~[ratā] delicacy, tenderness; hence ~[rī] feminine adjectival form of ~[ra].

context information

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Prakrit-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary

Sukumāra (सुकुमार) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Sukumāra.

Sukumāra has the following synonyms: Sukumāla.

context information

Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.

Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Sukumāra (ಸುಕುಮಾರ):—[adjective] not violent, harsh or rough; gentle.

--- OR ---

Sukumāra (ಸುಕುಮಾರ):—

1) [noun] the quality of being delicate, tender; delicacy; tenderness.

2) [noun] (masc.) a delicate, gentle youth.

3) [noun] a good, obedient or worthy son.

4) [noun] (rhet.) a style characterised by softness of words, tenderness of sentiment, and the quality of pleasing to the ears.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Relevant text

Search found 35 books and stories containing Sukumara, Sukumāra, Sukumārā, Su-kumara, Su-kumāra, Su-kumārā; (plurals include: Sukumaras, Sukumāras, Sukumārās, kumaras, kumāras, kumārās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Verse 4.8.79 < [Part 8 - Compatible & Incompatible Mellows (maitrī-vaira-sthiti)]

Verse 1.2.249 < [Part 2 - Devotional Service in Practice (sādhana-bhakti)]

4. Divisions of Painting (Citra) < [Chapter 5 - Painting and Image Making]

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3.7. Qualities or Guṇas < [Chapter 1 - Vakroktijīvita: A Synoptic Survey]

8. Pādatāḍitaka in Kuntaka’s treatment < [Chapter 4 - Kuntaka’s evaluation of Sanskrit Plays of other Poets]

3.6. Styles or Mārgas < [Chapter 1 - Vakroktijīvita: A Synoptic Survey]